Serum testosterone level as possible predictive marker in androgen receptor axis-targeting agents and taxane chemotherapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer

Purpose

Currently, several therapeutic options for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are available, for which predictive biomarkers have not been established. Therefore, we aimed to reveal the association between pretreatment serum testosterone level and antitumor outcomes when treated with androgen receptor axis-targeting agents and taxane chemotherapies for CRPC.

多西他赛联合基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂SB-3CT对前列腺癌移植瘤生长的影响

目的 探讨多西他赛联合基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂（SB-3CT）对前列腺癌移植瘤生长的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法 用前列腺癌PC-3细胞建立裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型，随机分为SB-3CT组（注射SB-3CT溶液25 mg/kg），联合用药组（SB-3CT 25 mg/kg+静脉注射多西他赛溶液 10 mg/kg）和空白对照组（注射等量生理盐水），每组5只。测量肿瘤体积和质量并绘制生长曲线。免疫组化检测移植瘤组织中PDK1和PFKFB4的表达。结果 联合用药组、空白对照组和SB-3CT组平均瘤体质量比较差异有统计学意义（F=29.556，P=0.001），且联合用药组的肿瘤生长速度明显较空白对照组和SB-3CT组慢。免疫组化结果显示，PDK1在联合用药组、空白对照组和SB-3CT组的染色评分分别为（2.33±0.47） 分、（6.00±0.81） 分和（4.33±0.48） 分，组间比较差异有统计学意义（F=18.200，P=0.003），且联合用药组评分低于SB-3CT组（P=0.017）；PFKFB4在3组的染色评分分别为（5.33±0.49） 分、（11.33±0.47） 分和（9.00±1.41） 分，组间比较差异有统计学意义（F=17.643，P=0.003），且联合用药组评分低于SB-3CT组（P=0.011）。结论 多西他赛联合基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂SB-3CT对前列腺癌移植瘤生长具有抑制作用，糖代谢相关酶PDK1和PFKFB4表达下调可能是潜在的分子机制。     

探究培美曲塞与多西他赛在晚期非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗失败后挽救化疗中的临床疗效

目的 研究培美曲塞与多西他赛在晚期非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗失败后挽救化疗中的应用效果。方法 筛选2018 年1 月～2020 年1 月本院的60 例晚期非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗失败后挽救化疗的患者作为研究对象，依据患者选择的药物种类分为观察组和对照组，每组各30 例，对照组采用多西他赛治疗，观察组予以培美曲塞治疗，对比分析两组的近期治疗效果、生存质量评分和毒副反应发生情况。结果 观察组病症控制率为66.67%，对照组病症控制率为36.67%，观察组病症控制效果更好；观察组生存质量评分为（65.2±3.4）分，对照组生存质量评分为（51.7±4.6）分，两组比较差异有统计学意义（t=12.926，P=0.000）；观察组各项毒副反应发生率均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 在晚期非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗失败后进行挽救化疗中选用培美曲塞有更好的治疗效果，可以较好的进行临床治疗，改善患者的生活质量，且产生的毒副反应较少，在实际临床中的应用价值较高。     

多西紫杉醇联合吡柔比星化疗治疗乳腺癌的效果及复发情况观察

目的观察多西紫杉醇联合吡柔比星化疗在乳腺癌患者治疗中的效果,及对不良反应发生率的影响。方法选取乳腺癌患者为研究对象,并根据其化疗药物的不同分为对照组和观察组,对照组给予紫杉醇联合吡柔比星进行化疗,观察组给予多西紫杉醇联合吡柔比星进行化疗。观察2组患者的治疗效果、不良反应发生率和复发率,比较2组患者治疗前后肿瘤标志物水平的差异。结果观察组治疗有效率为97. 50%,明显高于对照组的80. 00%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=6. 135,P=0. 013)。2组患者治疗前肿瘤标志物水平无差别,治疗后,观察组患者的CEA、CA125、CA153水平低于对照组(t=11. 432、18. 876、3. 703,P <0. 001)。2组患者骨髓抑制、恶心呕吐、脱发、中性粒细胞减少、肝功能损害等不良反应发生率无差别(χ^2=0. 238,P=0. 626)。对照组1年复发率较观察组高,但差异无统计学意义(χ^2=1. 053,P=0. 305)。结论多西紫杉醇联合吡柔比星化疗对乳腺癌患者的化疗效果较好,且不会增加骨髓抑制等不良反应发生率,具有良好的应用价值。     

miR-503靶向TLR4对前列腺癌多西他赛耐药的影响

背景与目的：在前列腺癌标准化疗方案中，多西他赛（docetaxel，DTX）引起的化疗耐药是引起患者死亡的重要原因之一，然而DTX引起的化疗耐药相关机制尚未知。探讨前列腺癌DTX耐药的作用机制。方法：收集2016年6月—2019年6月在武汉市第三医院进行化疗的40例患者，包括20例DTX耐药和20例DTX敏感患者。人前列腺癌细胞系PC-3在一系列逐渐增加的DTX浓度梯度处理下形成耐药株PC-3/DTX。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction，RTFQ-PCR）检测miR-503和TLR4 mRNA的表达，采用蛋白质印迹法（Western blot）检测TLR4蛋白的水平，采用双荧光素酶报告基因检测miR-503和TLR4的相互作用，采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium，MTT）法检测细胞活力，采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果：前列腺癌耐药患者组织和耐药细胞系中miR-503的表达较敏感组显著降低（P=0.013），而TLR4显著增加（P=0.005 6）。过表达miR-503显著抑制耐药细胞的增殖，促进凋亡，同时抑制耐药相关蛋白MDR-1的表达，而过表达TLR4则促进细胞的增殖，抑制凋亡，促进耐药相关蛋白MDR-1的表达。结论：miR-503通过靶向调控TLR4的表达影响前列腺癌的DTX耐药。     

Cost-effectiveness of trastuzumab biosimilar combination therapy and drug wastage as first-line treatment for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer

BackgroundThe rising cost of cancer drug therapy threatens the long-term sustainability of Taiwan National Health Insurance. Cost savings can be achieved through various strategies, e.g., using smaller vial sizes, sharing vials, weight-based dosing, or switching to biosimilars. Here we aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness of a trastuzumab biosimilar combined with docetaxel (TDbiol) for treatment-naïve HER2⁺ metastatic breast cancer (MBC), and the financial impact of drug wastage.MethodsA Markov model with three health states was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of trastuzumab biosimilars plus docetaxel over a 40-month time horizon in patients with HER2⁺ MBC. Based on the literature and our expert opinion, we assumed similar efficacy between the trastuzumab biosimilar and its reference product. The primary clinical input for the biosimilar was the same as for the reference product in the Catastrophic Patient Database (HV). Health state utilities were derived from the literature, and direct medical costs were obtained from the National Health Insurance Administration (NHIA).ResultsIn the base-case scenario, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was NTD 811,050 per QALY gained. One-way sensitivity analyses showed that the model was sensitive to utilities and transition probabilities, but not particularly sensitive to the wastage assumption. In scenario analyses, the ICER was higher when applying the price for trastuzumab reference biologic (branded), than for trastuzumab biosimilar.ConclusionThe trastuzumab biosimilar combination regimen is cost-effective and offers significant drug cost savings in Taiwan.     

Clinical outcomes in a contemporary series of “young” patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer who were 60 years and younger

BackgroundThe prognosis of younger patients with prostate cancer is unclear, and the very few studies assessing those with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have mainly involved patients treated with older therapies. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of a contemporary series of docetaxel-treated patients with mCRPC who were 60 years and younger.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively identified 134 patients who were 60 years and younger who were treated with docetaxel in 25 Italian hospitals and recorded their predocetaxel history of prostate cancer, their characteristics at the start of chemotherapy, and their postdocetaxel treatment history and outcomes.ResultsMost of the 134 consecutive patients with mCRPC received the standard 3-week docetaxel schedule; median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7 months, and 90 patients underwent further therapies after progression. The median overall survival (OS) from the start of docetaxel treatment was 21 months, but OS was significantly prolonged by the postprogression treatments, particularly those based on the new agents such as cabazitaxel, abiraterone acetate, or enzalutamide. OS was significantly shorter in the patients with a shorter interval between the diagnosis of prostate cancer and the start of docetaxel treatment; those who received hormonal treatment for a shorter period; those with shorter prostate-specific antigen doubling times; and those with lower hemoglobin levels, a worse performance status, and higher lactate dehydrogenase levels before starting treatment with docetaxel.ConclusionsThe findings of this first study of clinical outcomes in a contemporary series of younger patients with mCRPC showed that their survival is similar to that expected in unselected patients with mCRPC who were of any age.     

临床药师参与1例行腹膜透析的乳腺癌患者使用多西他赛的药物治疗

目的 肾功能不全患者行腹膜透析可能影响各类药物的代谢动力学,本研究拟为长期腹膜透析合并乳腺癌患者多西他赛的使用提供药学指导和建议。方法 临床药师对1例持续非卧床腹膜透析的乳腺癌患者使用多西他赛化疗期间进行血药浓度监测,观察安全性并定期随访。结果 腹膜透析患者多西他赛的清除率并未受到影响,且腹膜透析不影响多西他赛的治疗,治疗4个周期并随访半年,患者未出现复发,化疗期间未出现严重不良反应,安全性高。结论 肾功能不全并非化疗的绝对禁忌,在充分评估患者的不良反应及耐受性后,行腹膜透析的乳腺癌患者可选择75 mg·m^-2多西他赛化疗,化疗期间给药6 h后可常规进行腹膜透析。