Visual fixations and visually induced dizziness: An exploratory study

BackgroundVisually induced dizziness can develop as a sequala of a vestibular disorder and is characterized by symptoms of nausea, dizziness, and imbalance in rich visual environments such as supermarkets and shopping malls. To date the mechanisms underlying visually induced dizziness are poorly understood.Research questionWhat are the characteristics of visual fixations and postural sway in adults with visually induced dizziness compared to healthy adults when exposed to increasingly complex visual environments?MethodsWe recruited 20 adults with visually induced dizziness and 20 healthy adults to this cross-sectional exploratory study. Participants were instructed to maintain gaze on letters projected on a large screen with backgrounds of differing visual complexity. The number of visual refixations, movement of the centre of pressure, and movement of the head and body centres of mass were recorded.ResultsAdults with visually induced dizziness showed a significantly higher number of visual refixations (F= 10.592, p < 0.01), and increased mean velocity of head and body centres of mass movement (F= 14.034, p < 0.01 and F= 6.553, p < 0.05 respectively) compared to healthy adults.SignificanceAdults with visually induced dizziness exhibited visual fixational instability and increased postural and head sway compared to healthy adults. This was mainly observed in conditions with complex and moving backgrounds. This may account for reports from adults with visually induced dizziness of worsening symptoms in busy environments. The results from the study may assist in guiding intervention development to reduce symptoms of visually induced dizziness.     

Patient perception of dizziness and imbalance does not correlate with gait measures in adolescent athletes post-concussion

BackgroundDizziness and gait impairments are commonly observed following a concussion, and both are associated with prolonged concussion recovery.Research questionIs there a correlation between combined self-reported dizziness and balance impairment severity with objective gait impairments after concussion?MethodsParticipants (n = 51; 15.4 ± 1.6 years; 51 % female; 7.3 ± 3.2 days post-injury) age 12–18 years self-reported ratings of dizziness and balance impairment using the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI) within 14 days of injury. Individual ratings of dizziness, balance impairment, and moving clumsily on the PCSI were combined to create a comprehensive dizziness and imbalance score. Participants also completed a smartphone-based gait evaluation under single-task and dual-task conditions. Correlation coefficients (Pearson r for normally distributed and Spearman rho for non-normally distributed variables) were calculated between self-reported symptoms and single and dual-task spatiotemporal gait parameters, specifically step velocity, step time, and step length.ResultsCorrelation coefficients indicated that there was low to no correlation between self-reported dizziness and imbalance impairment severity and smartphone-obtained gait parameters under single- or dual-task conditions, including step velocity (single-task: r=-0.22, p = 0.13; dual-task: r=-0.05, p = 0.72), step time (single-task: rho = 0.16, p = 0.27; dual-task: rho = 0.14, p = 0.33), and step length (single-task: r=-0.15, p = 0.30; dual-task: r = 0.03, p = 0.84).SignificanceSelf-reported dizziness and balance impairment severity within the first two weeks of concussion may not reflect objectively measured gait performance, given the lack of association between subjective symptom ratings and functional measures. Further, smartphone collected gait parameters may not provide the necessary sensitivity to detect an association with dizziness. The lack of significant correlation between self-reported symptoms and objective gait performance highlights the importance of using both objective and subjective measures to obtain a more complete picture of concussion deficits.     

李延应用泽泻汤合温胆汤治疗舒张压高的临床经验

随着社会的发展,人类生活方式的改变,高血压病越来越高发,具有低龄化趋势,代谢综合征常伴随发生,此种情况下的高血压往往是以舒张压升高为主,临床表现常与“亚健康”状态混淆,未能引起患者甚至部分医生的重视,然而事实上越来越多的科学研究证实舒张压高之危害十分明显,不容忽视。尽管现代医学对舒张压高的病因及病理机制有明确的阐述,但是暂时没有特效的药物。李延教授在治疗高血压病方面有着丰富的临床经验,临床中运用泽泻汤合温胆汤加减治疗舒张压高之眩晕,切中病机,加减灵活,屡有良效。文中从中医角度阐述舒张压高的病因病机,介绍李师辨病辨证思路,组方用药特点,附三则典型验案,另加个人心得体会,以期为舒张压高的有效治疗提供思路。     

Benefits of vestibular rehabilitation on patient-reported outcomes in older adults with vestibular disorders: a randomized clinical trial

BackgroundChronic dizziness has a negative impact on emotional aspects, functional capacity, and quality of life of older people.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of the conventional Cawthorne & Cooksey and the multimodal Cawthorne & Cooksey protocols on patient-reported outcomes in older adults with vestibular disorders.MethodsThis is a single-blind, randomized controlled trial with three-months’ follow-up. Older adults with chronic dizziness were randomly assigned to conventional or multimodal protocols. The protocols were performed in individual 50-minute sessions, twice weekly, for two months. The primary outcome was the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and the secondary outcomes were the Visual Analogue Scale, the Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale. Outcomes were collected at baseline, post-treatment and three-month follow-up; and analyzed on an intention-to-treat approach.ResultsEighty-two patients were randomized into the conventional (n = 40) or multimodal (n = 42) protocols. There was no between-group difference on DHI at post-treatment (Mean Difference (MD): −0.7; 95% CI: −9.2, 7.8) and at three-month follow-up (MD: −1.6; 95% CI: −9.5, 6.2). No between-group difference was found for the secondary outcomes. All patient-reported outcomes in the within-group analysis showed significant improvement between baseline and post-treatment, and changes were maintained between post-treatment and follow-up. Following treatment, 55% of patients in the conventional and 57% in the multimodal protocol reached DHI clinical improvement (decrease ≥18).ConclusionsThe addition of multimodal exercises to the conventional Cawthorne & Cooksey protocol did not promote extra benefits on patient-reported outcomes in older adults with chronic dizziness.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry-ANZCTR (ACTRN12610000018011), the trial was registered January 7, 2010 and the first participant was enrolled April 15, 2010. URL of the registry: https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=334985.     

胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂类降糖药致2型糖尿病患者头疼和眩晕的网状Meta分析

摘 要 目的：使用网状Meta分析系统评价胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂（GLP-1 RAs）类降糖药对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者头疼和眩晕的影响。方法：系统检索Medline、Embase、Clinical trials和Cochrane数据库中（截止2017年6月23日）比较GLP-1 RAs与传统降糖药或安慰剂对头疼和眩晕发生风险影响的随机对照试验（RCT）,采用贝叶斯网状Meta分析对纳入的研究进行分析。结果：共纳入100项RCTs,包括15种干预措施：8种GLP-1 RAs类降糖药（艾塞那肽、艾塞那肽缓释剂、利拉鲁肽、利西拉来、他司鲁肽、阿必鲁肽、杜拉鲁肽、索玛鲁肽）、安慰剂、2种二肽基肽酶-4（DPP-4）抑制剂（西格列汀和维格列汀）和4种传统降糖药（胰岛素、二甲双胍、磺脲类、噻唑烷二酮类）。网状Meta分析结果显示：与胰岛素相比,艾塞那肽（OR=1.35,95%CI：1.13~1.60）、利拉鲁肽（OR=1.35,95%CI：1.12~1.62）、利西拉来（OR=1.59,95%CI：1.22~2.06）和他司鲁肽（OR=1.78,95%CI：1.33~2.37）致T2DM患者发生头疼的风险增加;与安慰剂、胰岛素及噻唑烷二酮相比,艾塞那肽和利拉鲁肽显著增加了眩晕发生的风险（OR的取值范围为1.56~2.56）。此外,后验概率显示,致T2DM患者发生头疼风险最高的前三位为艾塞那肽缓释剂、二甲双胍、他司鲁肽;致T2DM患者发生眩晕风险最高的前三位为利拉鲁肽、利西拉来和艾塞那肽。结论：艾塞那肽缓释剂和他司鲁肽显著增加了头疼的发生风险,利拉鲁肽显著增加了眩晕的发生风险,但仍建议开展相应的大型前瞻性研究加以验证。     

氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片治疗继发性BPPV老年患者残余头晕症状的疗效观察

目的 探讨氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片对继发性良性阵发性位置性眩晕（bnign proxysmal psitional vrtigo,BPPV）老年患者残余头晕症状的影响。方法 收集2014年1月—2016年9月嘉兴市第一医院神经内科治疗的84例继发性BPPV老年患者（年龄>65周岁）的临床资料,分为氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片治疗组（n=42）和常规治疗组（n=42）。比较2组残余头晕的持续时间及治疗前,治疗后第3天、第1周、第2周的眩晕障碍量表（Dizziness Handicap Inventory,DHI）分数。结果 和常规治疗组相比,氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片治疗组残余头晕症状持续时间明显较短（P=0.002）。复位成功后,与常规治疗组相比,氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片组治疗后第1周和第2周的DHI分数明显降低（P分别为0.040和0.030）。结论 氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片治疗继发性BPPV,可使残余头晕的持续时间明显缩短,治疗1周和2周后DHI评分降低。     

Migraine vestibulaire : critères diagnostiques. Document consensuel de la Société Bárány et de la Société internationale des céphalées

This paper presents diagnostic criteria for vestibular migraine, jointly formulated by the Committee for Classification of Vestibular Disorders of the Bárány Society and the Migraine Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The classification includes vestibular migraine and probable vestibular migraine. Vestibular migraine will appear in an appendix of the third edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) as a first step for new entities, in accordance with the usual IHS procedures. Probable vestibular migraine may be included in a later version of the ICHD, when further evidence has been accumulated. The diagnosis of vestibular migraine is based on recurrent vestibular symptoms, a history of migraine, a temporal association between vestibular symptoms and migraine symptoms and exclusion of other causes of vestibular symptoms. Symptoms that qualify for a diagnosis of vestibular migraine include various types of vertigo as well as head motion-induced dizziness with nausea. Symptoms must be of moderate or severe intensity. Duration of acute episodes is limited to a window of between 5 minutes and 72 hours.