Effect of orbital wall resection areas in the treatment of patients with endocrine orbitopathy

In patients treated by orbital wall decompression for endocrine orbitopathy (EO) there is limited evidence on the effect of orbital wall resections. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of one, two, and three-wall resections on orbital parameters to determine if any such correlations exist. Preoperative and postoperative data from all patients at a tertiary care centre who underwent decompression surgery from 2010 - 2020 were digitally analysed. The effect of the number and area of resected walls on orbital area, orbital volume, and Hertel value, and the effect of lateral rim advancement (LARA) were determined. A total of 131 orbital areas showed an increase from a mean (SD) preoperative area of 42.0 (4.6) cm² to 47.3 (6.1) cm² postoperatively (p<0.001). In total, the mean (SD) area of osseous wall removed in all patients was 6.2 (1.7) cm² at the lateral orbit (n = 129), 6.7 (2.3) cm² at the orbital floor (n = 123), and 5.8 (1.8) cm² at the medial orbital wall (n =30). The mean (SD) orbital volume increased by 6.0 (3.0) cm³ after decompression. There was also a significant reduction in exophthalmos of 7.3 (3.2) mm (from 25.2 (3.9) to 17.9 (3.5), p<0.001). LARA was performed in 50 patients. Changes in volume and area, and reduction in exophthalmos were not significantly different with or without LARA. The postoperative effects of orbital wall resection are predictable and exhibit a relation with six units of change. Two-wall resection is the most common intervention.     

Gastrostomy tubes: Fundamentals,periprocedural considerations,and best practices

Gastrostomy tube placement is a procedure that achieves enteral access for nutrition, decompression, and medication administration. Preprocedural evaluation and selection of patients is necessary to provide optimal benefit and reduce the risk of adverse events (AEs). Appropriate indications, contraindications, ethical considerations, and comorbidities of patients referred for gastrostomy placement should be weighed and balanced. Additionally, endoscopist should consider either a transoral or transabdominal approach is appropriate, and radiologic or surgical gastrostomy tube placement is needed. However, medical history, physical examination, and imaging prior to the procedure should be considered to tailor the appropriate approach and reduce the risk of AEs.     

宫颈癌根治术后腹腔间隔综合征一例诊治体会

腹腔间隔综合征(abdominal compartment syndrome,ACS)是开腹手术较为罕见的并发症,死亡率高。结合1例宫颈恶性肿瘤根治术后ACS合并切口裂开的病例,强调对于高危患者准确监测腹内压和及时剖腹手术的重要性。该患者极度肥胖,体质量指数(BMI)=40 kg/m^2,两次新辅助化疗后行宫颈癌根治术(经腹广泛子宫、双侧卵巢、双侧输卵管切除术,盆腔淋巴结切除术),术后第1天,持续腹胀咳嗽;术后第4天出现ACS,行开腹减压术。术后恢复良好,经过10个月的随访,未见并发症。     

颅脑CT和床旁超声在重型颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术后监测中的应用

目的 对比分析颅脑CT和床旁超声在重型颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术后监测中的诊断效能。方法 回顾性分析2016年3月至2018年9月行去骨板减压术治疗的140例重型颅脑损伤的临床资料，术后均行颅脑CT和床旁超声检查。结果 床旁超声脑挫裂伤、脑梗死、硬膜外血肿、硬膜下血肿、脑内血肿的检出率与颅脑CT监测无统计学差异（P>0.05），但其总检出率明显低于颅脑CT检查（P<0.05），诊断阳性率为88.06%。床旁超声在诊断出血量、中线位移动距离、脑室宽度绝对值、血肿大小等与颅脑CT监测无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 床旁超声在重型颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压术后监测中具有一定的优势，可在一定程度上替代颅脑CT检查，临床应用价值较高。     

不同手术方案对脊髓型颈椎病合并椎管狭窄症患者术后疗效及颈椎矢状位参数的影响

目的探讨前路椎体次全切除术和后路椎管扩大椎板成形术对脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)合并椎管狭窄症患者术后疗效及颈椎矢状位参数的影响。方法回顾性分析2010年3月—2015年8月收治的147例CSM合并椎管狭窄症患者的临床资料,其中80例行前路椎体次全切除术治疗(A组),67例行后路椎管扩大椎板成形术治疗(B组)。比较2种手术方法治疗前后日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、Cobb角及矢状位垂直距离(SVA)。将2组患者根据T_1倾斜角分别分为高T_1倾斜角(≥25°)亚组和低T_1倾斜角( 25°)亚组,对不同亚组之间的疗效及手术安全性进行比较。结果 2组术后JOA评分和Cobb角均高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。A组术后SVA低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),B组术后SVA与术前相比差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。A组术后JOA评分和Cobb角均高于B组,SVA低于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。A组中,高T_1倾斜角亚组和低T_1倾斜角亚组JOA评分改善效果和后凸畸形发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);B组中,低T_1倾斜角亚组JOA评分改善效果和后凸畸形发生率优于高T_1倾斜角亚组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论相较于后路椎管扩大椎板成形术,前路椎体次全切除术治疗CSM合并椎管狭窄症临床疗效更佳,且有助于改善颈椎矢状位平衡;在高T_1倾斜角水平下,应尽可能选择前路椎体次全切除术。     

经肛肠减压后3D腹腔镜根治术治疗梗阻性结肠癌的临床观察

目的探讨经肛肠减压后3D腹腔镜根治术治疗梗阻性结肠癌的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2018年6月收治的54例梗阻性结肠癌患者的临床资料，所有患者术前均经肛肠减压，根据手术方式分为3D组(25例)和开腹组(29例)，所有数据均应用SPSS22.0软件进行统计学分析，围术期相关指标等计量资料以( ±s)表示，采用独立样本t检验；术后并发症发生率组间比较采用χ²检验，P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果两组患者术前减压管放置时间、手术时间和淋巴结清扫数目比较，差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)；3D组术中出血量、首次通气时间以及平均住院时间均明显少于开腹组，但平均住院费用高于开腹组；两组患者术后并发症发生率比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论经肛肠减压后实施3D腹腔镜根治术治疗梗阻性结肠癌是安全、有效的，术中出血量少、术后恢复快，值得在临床广泛推广应用。     

选择性椎板成形术和传统椎板成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的中期疗效

目的对比选择性椎板成形术和传统椎板成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的中期疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年9月—2015年12月收治的130例脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)患者临床资料,其中67例采用选择性椎板成形术治疗(试验组),63例采用传统椎板成形术治疗(对照组)。记录并比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生情况,以及手术前后双手10 s握拳次数、双手握力、日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、C_(2～7) Cobb角、C2～5 Cobb角、C_(5～7) Cobb角、C7倾斜角、T1倾斜角、C_(2～7)矢状位平衡(SVA)和K线角。结果试验组手术时间、术中出血量均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。2组患者末次随访时双手10 s握拳次数、双手握力及JOA评分均较术前改善,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。末次随访时,对照组C_(2～7) Cobb角较术前减小、C_(2～7) SVA较术前增大,而试验组无显著改变,2组相比差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。末次随访时,试验组7例(7/67,10.4%)发生轴性症状,对照组20例(20/63,31.7%)发生轴性症状,试验组轴性症状发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论 2种术式治疗CSM中期临床疗效满意。选择性椎板成形术在保证手术疗效的前提下,可缩短手术节段,减少对颈后部肌肉韧带的损伤,降低术后轴性症状的发生率。     

经皮间接减压内固定术治疗伴有神经损伤的胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的探讨后路经皮间接减压内固定术治疗伴有神经损伤的胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的有效性及安全性。方法 2015年6月—2017年6月,共25例伴神经损伤的胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者接受后路经皮间接减压内固定术治疗。采用Frankel分级评估神经功能等级,采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分评估腰背部疼痛程度。测量并记录术前、术后及末次随访时矢状位Cobb角、伤椎椎体前缘高度百分比、伤椎楔形角、椎管占位率等影像学指标。结果所有患者手术均顺利完成,随访6～24(12.6±5.6)个月,末次随访时所有患者腰背部疼痛症状均明显改善,椎管得到有效减压,神经功能均明显改善,椎体骨折复位愈合,随访无明显丢失,无内固定相关并发症发生。结论后路经皮间接减压内固定术可避免椎管内直接减压,保护脊柱后方结构,减少手术创伤,临床疗效满意,对于伴有不完全神经损伤的胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的治疗是一种微创、安全、有效的选择。     

后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术联合Neulen钛板内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的探讨后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术联合Neulen钛板内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病(MCSM)的临床疗效。方法 2012年7月—2016年7月,61例MCSM患者在上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院接受后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术联合Neulen钛板内固定治疗。记录出血量、手术时间、日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、神经功能改善率、颈椎椎管矢状径、椎管扩大率、门轴侧骨愈合情况、颈椎轴性症状及围手术期并发症发生情况。结果所有手术均顺利完成,手术时间为(112.4±22.8)min,出血量为(322.8±92.8)mL。61例患者随访(3.4±1.9)年,JOA评分由术前的(9.8±2.8)分提高到末次随访时的(15.2±1.9)分;末次随访时神经功能改善率为(75.3±9.7)%;末次随访时轴性症状评分为(3.2±1.5)分,优35例、良25例、可1例。颈椎椎管矢状径由术前的(8.5±1.4)mm扩大到术后的(15.1±2.3)mm,椎管扩大率为(77.6±6.8)%;所有患者门轴侧椎板均骨愈合,无内固定断裂、松动及再关门现象发生。结论后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术联合Neulen钛板内固定治疗MCSM,可获得满意的临床疗效,具有即刻稳定开门椎板,有利于门轴侧椎板融合,维持椎管扩张状态,防止再关门现象发生等优点。     

Comparison of operative and non-operative outcomes based on surgical selection criteria for patients with Chiari I malformations

Few studies have directly compared operative and non-operative outcomes in Chiari I patients. We evaluated risk factors for clinical improvement in 177 patients in order to help determine the optimal treatment of these often difficult to treat patients. The mean age at surgery for the operative treatment group was 29.9 years. The most common presenting signs and symptoms included cough headache (63.0%), migraine and non-cough type headaches (23.9%), paresthesias (32.1%), and abnormal reflexes or clonus (27.5%). The mean age of diagnosis for the non-operative treatment group was 30.2 years. The most common presenting signs or symptoms included migraine and other types of non-cough-associated headache (57.4%), paresthesias (45.6%), cough headache (44.1%), cerebellar signs or symptoms (41.2%), and dysphagia or apnea (15.7%). A propensity score was generated using cough headache, any headache, other headache, syrinx, abnormal reflexes or clonus, cerebellar symptoms, and miscellaneous symptoms as independent predictors of selection for surgery. The propensity score-adjusted odds of overall improvement for patients treated with surgery were 16.5 times the odds of overall improvement for patients treated conservatively (95% confidence interval 5.5–57.1, p < 0.0001). Overall 94.5% and 47.1% of operative and conservatively treated patients reported improvement, respectively. Only 26.5% of conservatively treated patients reported worsening of any of their symptoms. In conclusion, we provided further evidence for the use of cough headache as surgical indication for suboccipital decompression in patients with Chiari I malformation.