2007～2009年枣庄市农村分散式供水水质监测结果分析

[目的]掌握枣庄市农村分散式生活饮用水状况,为政府有关部门在提高饮水卫生安全的决策时提供科学依据。[方法]对2007～2009年枣庄市部分农村分散式供水水质检测资料进行分析。[结果]2007～2009年合计检测水样288份,合格的96份,合格率为33.33%。检测合格率2007～2009年分别为29.17%、33.33%、37.50%（P〉0.05）;枯水期为39.58%,丰水期为27.08%（P〈0.05）;滕州市为47.92%,薛城区为41.67%,台儿庄区为20.83%,市中区为35.42%,山亭区为29.17%,峄城区为25.00%（P〈0.05）;感官指标为82.64%,一般化学指标为45.83%,毒理学指标为78.13%,细菌学指标为31.60%（P〈0.01）。检测的288份水样中,肉眼可见物、浑浊度、总硬度、硫酸盐、溶解性总固体、硝酸盐、细菌总数、大肠菌群分别超标39、11、138、27、19、63、154、112份。[结论]枣庄市农村分散式供水水质合格率较低,不合格水样主要是微生物超标。     

湖北省农村供水水质调查

了解湖北省农村饮用水水质「方法」对湖北省４个县共４７个农村供水点「地面水１０个（集中式供水８个,分散式供水２个）,地下水３７个（集中式供水２４个,分散供水１３个）」水质进行了监测,根据《农村实施（生活饮用水卫生标准）准》进行评价。「结果部分以地面水为水源的水厂季节性投加消毒剂,大部分以地水为水源的水厂全年未投加消毒剂。     

The evolving horizon of drug registration — Europe and beyond

Summary The thalidomide tragedy gave rise to national drug regulation without thought to international harmonization. Thus from the early days of the European Community (EC), there has been a barrier to the free movement of medicinal products. Previous attempts have failed to resolve the problem and the European Commission is currently involved in attempting to establish Community drug legislation which will remove these barriers and create a single internal market.The Commission advocates two procedures (a centralized and a decentralized) largely under the control of the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products (CPMP) within the framework of a new European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. The present authority of the Commission to make decisions binding on all 12 Member States will be utilized by the CPMP.While the present draft legislation should create significant improvement towards the goal of a single market, it contains some areas of potential concern. That this major venture should be a success is not only critical to the EC economy, its research-based pharmaceutical industry and the health care of its citizens but also to the achievement of global harmonization for pharmaceutical marketing authorization for which there is much evidence of enthusiasm and desire.     

Emea and the new pharmaceutical procedures for Europe

The regulation of medicines throughout Europe has undergone significant change since the first pharmaceutical Directive in 1965. 1995 will bring the next major stage in this evolution with the introduction of the so-called Future System proposals. These will see the creation of the EMEA (the European Medicines Evaluation Agency), the introduction of a Centralized Procedure, applicable to a small number of innovative drugs, and a Decentralized Procedure, based on mutual recognition of licences granted by existing control authorities in other EC countries. The regulation of medicines in the United Kingdom has also changed considerably since the establishment of the Medicines Control Agency in 1989. This article looks at the new licensing arrangements for Europe and the development of medicines control in the UK over the last few years.     

2013年广东省五华县农村分散式供水水质检测结果分析

目的了解五华县农村分散式供水的水质状况,为相关部门制定改进措施提供科学依据。方法依据GB/T5750-2006《生活饮用水标准检验方法》和GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》进行检测和评判。结果 2013年共检测农村分散式供水水样849份,合格419份,总合格率为49.35%。主要不合格指标为pH值、细菌总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群等。结论五华农村分散式供水合格率较低,应引起相关部门的重视,加大农村饮水安全工程的建设,改变取水分散等问题。     

Decentralized minimum-energy control and coordination of large scale linear systems

A two-level hierarchical algorithm of the interaction prediction type is derived for the decentralized optimal control of linear systems with fixed terminal state, linear interactions, and a minimum energy criterion. The algorithm is noniterative at the infimal level and utilizes successive approximation with averaging for the coordination. Numerical experiments compare the effect of the interactions, sampling times, and time horizon on the convergence of the algorithm.     

Decentralized stochastic adaptive nash games

The optimization of stochastic systems with unknown parameters and multiple decision-makers or controllers each having his own objective is considered. Two explicit self-tuning type algorithms are proposed for decentralized stochastic adaptive Nash games under the ‘one-step-delay sharing pattern’. The first algorithm is an ad hoc constraint on the policy form, whereas the second one is based on an extension from static Nash game theory. Simulation results on a simplified economic system indicate that these algorithms are capable of stabilizing a system along targeted paths.     

Drug counterfeiting and decentralized whistleblowers

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Decentralized control for multimachine power systems

A new approach to solve the problem of designing decentralized optimal controllers for large-scale power systems is proposed. The control law that results from the design is a decentralized one; accordingly, each subsystem is controlled only by its own variables. In using the proposed scheme, the cost functional for each subsystem is minimized, and the interacting effects between the subsystems are not ignored in deriving the control strategy. As a result, the application of the control scheme proposed by this paper provides optimality even if the subsystems are very strongly coupled. Results of investigation into the decentralized optimal control of a 10-machine system are satisfactory.