揿针疗法分经论治神经根型颈椎病的临床研究

目的:观察揿针疗法分经论治神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效及可行性.方法:将70例神经根型颈椎病患者随机分为观察组与对照组,每组35例.对照组采用常规取穴的揿针疗法,观察组采用分经辨证取穴的揿针疗法.在治疗前后对两组患者的视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分及临床症状评分进行评价,并观察两组治疗方案的临床疗效.结果:治疗后,两组患者的VAS评分均较治疗前降低(均P<0.01),且观察组患者VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.01);两组患者的临床症状评分均较治疗前降低(均P<0.01),且观察组患者的临床症状评分低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组的临床总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05).结论:分经辨证取穴的揿针疗法能够降低神经根型颈椎病患者的疼痛评分,改善患者的临床症状,疗效优于常规揿针疗法.     

基础医学综合实验与实验设计课程教学改革实践

本着以课程为中心的原则，研究组在基础医学综合实验课程建设、运行方式、教学方法改革等方面积极探索；以联系疾病、联系应用为导向，广泛开展基于疾病动物模型制备及干预过程的实验教学；增加"创新性"实验项目，确保课程内容体现出前沿性和时代性；以生物医学前沿方法训练引领课程建设，着力培养学员的学习能力、实践能力和创新能力。此外，在优化以实践应用、创新性为导向的课程内容建设的基础上，打造虚拟仿真实验项目，尝试线上线下混合式教学，全方位提升学员的实践运用能力。     

不同短疗程化疗方案治疗首次复治肺结核病的疗效及对治疗依从性和预后的影响

目的探讨不同短疗程化疗方案在菌阳复治肺结核患者中的疗效及治疗依从性和预后情况。方法选择2014年1月～2016年1月我院治疗的菌阳性复治肺结核患者(135例),随机数表法分为标准组、短疗程组和超短程组,每组45例,标准组给予2HRZE/4HRE标准方案,短疗程组给予5MRftPZ方案,超短程组给予2HRZM/2MR方案,比较三组患者的服药依从性自我效能量表评分、临床疗效、治疗前后痰涂片情况、治疗后复发及不良反应情况。结果短疗程组和超短程组的MASES评分均明显高于标准组(P0.05)。短疗程组的治疗成功率明显高于标准组和超短程组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),超短程组和短疗程组无统计学差异(P0.05)。短疗程组的转阴时间明显低于标准组(HR=0.592,P=0.004)和超短程组(HR=0.619,P=0.012),超短程组和标准组间无明显差异(HR=0.956,P=0.789)。短疗程组的复发风险明显低于标准组(HR=0.238,P=0.004)和超短程组(HR=0.274,P=0.012),超短程组和标准组间无明显差异(HR=0.868,P=0.749)。三组的治疗相关不良反应发生率分别为26.67%、11.11%和8.89%,其中,超短程组的不良反应发生率明显低于标准组(P0.05),而短疗程组与标准组间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论在菌阳复治肺结核治疗中应用短疗程方案有较高治疗依从性;2HRMZ/2MR方案与标准方案疗效相当且安全性较好;5MRftPZ方案具有较好的治疗肺结核的疗效,能够明显缩短治疗时间并有效降低复发及治疗不良反应。     

A Systematic Review of Interventions to Improve Mental Health and Substance Use Outcomes for Individuals with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) experience remarkably high rates of mental health and substance use challenges, beginning early in life and extending throughout adulthood. Proactive intervention can help to mitigate some of these negative experiences. Although the literature on FASD intervention is growing, there is currently a lack of consolidated evidence on interventions that may improve mental health and substance use outcomes in this population. Informed by a life course perspective, we undertook a systematic review of the literature to identify interventions that improve mental wellness through all developmental stages for people with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and FASD. A total of 33 articles were identified, most of which were focused on building skills or strategies that underlie the well-being of children with PAE and FASD and their families. Other interventions were geared toward supporting child and family wellness and responding to risk or reducing harm. There was a notable lack of interventions that directly targeted mental health and substance use challenges, and a major gap was also noted in terms of interventions for adolescents and adults. Combined, these studies provide preliminary and emerging evidence for a range of intervention approaches that may support positive outcomes for individuals with FASD across the life course.     

基于能力培养的检验医学专业课程群建设研究与实践

课程群建设承载综合知识能力和创新能力的培养目标,克服单科课程知识结构狭隘的局限,对于实现高等医学教育目标有重要研究意义。针对检验医学专业五门课程内容密切相关、相承、渗透、互补的特点组建了检验医学基础课程群；并对课程群内容的整合优化、教学方法、实践环节、师资队伍建设等方面进行了改革与探索；实践证明,组建的课程群有力促进了学生综合运用知识的能力,在强化检验医学人才综合素质培养的教学中显现出了明显成效。     

基因工程课程内容的更新与教学方法的反思

基因工程课程是生物工程、生物技术和生物制药等专业的必修课,包括基因操作原理与基因工程实践两部分内容。它为分子生物学研究提供技术支持,为工程应用提供理论指导。随着DNA合成与测序技术的发展以及新型DNA组装与编辑技术的兴起,基因工程的概念持续升级,基因工程的课程内容和教学方法都需要进行相应的更新与改革。本文就此内容展开论述。     

锌氧油外涂辅以红外线照射治疗肛周顽固性湿疹疗效观察

将本组湿疹病人分成锌氧油外涂辅以红外线照射治疗组（３２例）和外涂皮炎平对照组（３０例）。结果治疗组治愈２８例，明显高于对照组（１３例）（Ｐ＜０．０１）；治疗组有效率１００％，亦优于对照组（０．０１＜Ｐ＜０．０２５）。治疗组平均治愈天数４．４天，对照组６．２天。     

Identification of psychopathological course trajectories in schizophrenia

Course trajectory analyses have been performed primarily for treatment response in acute episodes of schizophrenic disorders. As yet, corresponding data for the long-term course are lacking. Within a multicenter prospective observational study, 268 patients with schizophrenia were assessed at discharge from hospital and followed up after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. A latent class growth analysis was performed on the scores from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). A two-class conditional latent class model showed the best data fit (Entropy: 0.924). The model divided the sample into a group with amelioration in all PANSS subscales (60%) and a group with stable positive/negative and deteriorating general psychopathology symptoms (40%). Global functioning (GAF score), gender, age, living situation and involuntary admission predicted course trajectory class membership. The model was predictive of significant differences between the two groups in health care service costs and quality of life. The results underline the heterogeneous course of the illness, which ranged from amelioration to deterioration over a 2-year period. Statistical models such as trajectory analysis could help to identify more homogenous subtypes in schizophrenia.     

补充乳糖酶对轮状病毒肠炎病情影响的研究

目的：观察补充乳糖酶对轮状病毒肠炎病情的影响。方法：将71例轮状病毒肠炎患儿随机分成乳糖酶治疗组与对照组,乳糖酶治疗组加用乳糖酶口服,观察两组疗效及疗程。结果：乳糖酶治疗组总有效率94.4%,对照组总有效率74.3%,两组治疗总有效率差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。乳糖酶治疗组在疗程上也比对照组缩短（P<0.01）。结论：补充乳糖酶治疗轮状病毒肠炎可明显提高疗效,缩短疗程。     

《护理学基础》实验课程与情景设计相关性研究

目的探讨治疗药物渗出性组织损伤的最佳方法。方法对我院静脉输液药物渗出血管外致局部组织出现红肿、疼痛的患者200例，随机分成实验组和对照组各100例，实验组采用新鲜马铃薯持续外敷患处皮肤，对照组采用常规的50％硫酸镁持续外敷患处皮肤，观察对比2组疗效、症状消失时间，以24h为界限。结果实验组药物渗出局部组织红、肿、疼痛症状消退时间1～8h，有效率100％；对照组药物渗出局部组织红、肿、疼痛症状消退时间5～48h，有效率75％。结论新鲜马铃薯外敷治疗药物渗出性组织损伤的疗效比50％硫酸镁湿外敷的疗效显著确切，而且对皮肤组织无刺激，无污染，经济方便，建议临床推广应用。