头孢噻肟钠聚合物测定实验条件的改进

目的:对中国药典收载的头孢噻肟钠聚合物测定条件进行改进。 方法 :采用高效液相色谱法 ,以Sephadex G- 10色谱柱 4 2 cm× 1.3cm对 6批样品进行分析 ,分别进样 5 0μl和 2 0 0μl,按外标法计算聚合物的量。结果:头孢噻肟钠在 10～ 6 0 μg/m l范围内线性关系良好 (r=0 .9995 ) ,高中低浓度的加样回收率分别为 10 0 .2 %、10 0 .4 %、99.7% ;RSD分别为 1.7%、1.5 %、1.9% (n =3)。该方法与药典方法比较 ,差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。 结论:本方法简便、快速、可行 ,具有实用价值     

优立新治疗急性细菌性感染的临床观察

优立新与头孢噻肟随机对照治疗呼吸道和泌尿道感染４０例，临床有效率各为１００％和９５％（Ｐ＞０．０５），细菌阴转率各为９４，１％和１００％（Ｐ＞０．０５）。无显著性差异。优立新共治疗３０例，临床有效率和细菌阴转率分别为１００％和９６％。两药副反应均轻微。无因副反应而停药。在优立新治疗病例中，有２例出现皮疹。另２例为肝功能ＡＬＴ和ＡＳＴ暂时性轻度增高。     

阿奇霉素治疗细菌性感染的临床疗效

目的:评价注射用阿奇霉素治疗细菌性感染的有效性及安全性。方法:60例呼吸系统和泌尿系统细菌感染性疾病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例,治疗组静滴阿奇霉素250 mg,qd,疗程5 d。对照组静滴头孢噻肟钠2 g,qd,疗程7d。结果:治疗组与对照组治疗细菌感染性疾病的有效率分别为90.0%与80.0%,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);细菌清除率分别为89.3%与62.1%,两组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05);不良反应发生率均为6.7%。结论:注射用阿奇霉素治疗细菌性感染疗效高、安全性好。     

注射用头孢噻肟钠中细菌内毒素的定量检测法研究

目的：建立注射用头孢噻肟钠中细菌内毒素含量的测定方法。方法：采用稀释法排除注射用头孢噻肟钠对细菌内毒素测定的干扰作用。结果：将注射用头孢噻肟钠稀释100倍，可排除其对细菌内毒素测定的干扰作用。结论：使用动态浊度法检测注射用头孢噻肟钠中的细菌内毒素含量是可行的，此方法可替代家兔热原检查法。     

Short-term prophylaxis with cefotaxime in colorectal surgery

In a controlled, randomized study the effect of penicillin and streptomycin on postoperative septic complications in colorectal surgery (penicillin, 2 ml, IU, intramuscularly, three times daily for a period of six days and concomitantly streptomycin, 0.5 gm, intramuscularly, two times daily for a period of four days) was compared with the effect of cefotaxime, 2 gm, intravenously, three times on the day of surgery. One hundred patients completed the study: 48 were treated with penicillin and streptomycin (Group 1) and 52 with cefotaxime (Group 2). Wound infection occurred in one patient (2.1 percent) in Group 1, but not in Group 2 (0%, N.S.). Rupture of the wound occurred in one patient in each group (2.1 percentvs. 1.9 percent, N.S.). Insufficiency of the anastomosis occurred in four patients in Group 1 (8.3 percent) and in one patient in Group 2 (1.9 percent). It is concluded that short-term prophylaxis with cefotaxime is as effective as long-term prophylaxis with penicillin and streptomycin.     

头孢噻肟钠与培菲康联合治疗肝硬化自发性腹膜炎的疗效分析

目的分析头孢噻肟钠联合培菲康治疗肝硬化自发性腹膜炎(spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,SBP)的临床疗效和不良反应。方法选取西安市第四医院就诊的84例肝硬化SBP患者,依据治疗方案不同分为:研究组41例,应用头孢噻肟钠联合培菲康治疗;对照组43例,仅应用头孢噻肟钠治疗。两组疗程均为14 d,比较两组患者临床疗效及不良反应的差异。结果与对照组相比,研究组的显效率、有效率及总有效率显著较高(P0.05),发热、腹痛、腹胀、腹部压痛及腹水菌群等临床表现缓解时间明显较短(P0.05),且肝功能衰竭、低血压性休克及病死率显著减少(P0.05)。结论头孢噻肟钠联合培菲康治疗肝硬化SBP疗效显著,不良反应少。     

头孢噻肟结合中成药对婴幼儿肺炎C-反应蛋白的影响

目的:探讨头孢噻肟结合中成药对婴幼儿肺炎患儿血C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平的影响。方法:对未能住院的42例婴幼儿肺炎采用头孢噻肟结合中成药治疗,并对其治疗前及治疗7d后的血CRP水平、临床症状和体征等进行评估。结果:总有效率为81.0%;血CRP水平从治疗前的(45.27±15.70)mg.L-1降至(10.38±7.26)mg.L-1,前后比较有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论:头孢噻肟结合中成药对婴幼儿肺炎患儿的血CRP有较好的干预效果,该方法治疗婴幼儿肺炎是可取的、有效的、安全的。     

Solubilization of liposomes by weak electrolyte drugs II. Cefotaxime

The solubilization of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes by the weak electrolyte drug, cefotaxime (CFX), has been studied as a function of pH, DMPC, temperature, presence of cholesterol (CHOL), and method of liposome preparation. At 7.5mMCFX the lag time for solubilization increased, the rate of solubilization decreased, and the minimum turbidity reached increased as a function of DMPC at pH 1.0 and 40C. Solubilization was most pronounced at pHs below the pKa but inhibited at least one pH unit above the pKa. The critical mole ratio of unionized CFX:DMPC, Rec, for solubilization was estimated to be 0.12. Reducing the temperature slowed the rate of solubilization as did the addition of CHOL. Encapsulation of CFX in liposomes did not significantly reduce CFX degradation, k1=0.048h-1 at 40C and a complex of DMPC and a degradation product of CFX precipitated as rectangular crystals. As a result, an increase in the turbidity of solubilized systems was observed from about 20h to 48h depending on the conditions. Liposomes in the gel state or with at least 20% CHOL did not undergo an apparent reversal of solubilization. It is concluded that the inclusion of weak electrolyte drugs existing predominantly as the unionized species in liquid crystalline state liposomes may undergo a slow solubilization process not necessarily recognized during characterization.     

注射用头孢噻肟钠他唑巴坦钠细菌内毒素检查方法研究

建立注射用头孢噻肟钠他唑巴坦钠细菌内毒素检查法。参照《中国药典》2005年版二部附录"细菌内毒素检查法"进行干扰试验和结果判断。样品的最大无干扰浓度为10mg.mL-1。注射用头孢噻肟钠他唑巴坦钠可采用细菌内毒素检查法进行质量控制。     

头孢噻肟酸中残留溶媒的测定

目的:建立一种气相色谱法同时测定原料药头孢噻肟酸中有机溶剂丙酮、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯残留量的方法。方法:采用外标法顶空自动进样,在非极性弹性毛细管柱上进行分离,效果良好。结果:平均回收率:丙酮100．3％-103．5％;二氧甲烷100．9％-101．4％;乙酸乙酯98．6％-101．5％,变异系数:丙酮2．1％,二氧甲烷2．0％,乙酸乙酯1．1％。结论:方法重现性好,定量准确,便于操作。