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1.
Introduction and aimsCirrhosis is the common outcome of liver diseases. It can be decompensated and lead to the development of complications, such as encephalopathy. Hyperammonemia that develops due to liver dysfunction is etiopathologically related to hepatic encephalopathy. Caffeine increases the activity of the urea cycle in the liver, augmenting ammonia degradation. By antagonizing adenosine receptors, it also has a hepatoprotective effect, impeding the formation of fibrosis, as well as having a stimulating effect on the central nervous system. The present study analyzed the effects of caffeine on the progression of cholestatic liver fibrosis and hepatic encephalopathy.Materials and methodsAn experimental model of cholestatic liver fibrosis, through common bile duct ligature, and of hepatic encephalopathy, through the administration of a high-protein diet, was constructed. Male Wistar rats (n = 32) were equally divided into 4 groups. The experiment lasted 28 days, with the administration of 50 mg/kg/day of caffeine. Laboratory tests, histologic analyses of the liver and encephalon, open field tests (OFTs), and daily behavioral analyses were carried out.ResultsThe ligated animals treated with caffeine had lower mean transaminase levels and improved histologic aspects of the liver and encephalon. The untreated ligated animals were clearly lethargic and apathetic at the last week of the experiment, confirmed by reduced exploratory activity during the OFT.ConclusionCaffeine improved the microarchitecture of the liver and encephalon of the cirrhotic animals and prevented the decrease in exploratory behavior of the animals during the OFT.  相似文献   
2.
早发性癫痫性脑病(EOEE)是新生儿期或婴儿早期出现的一种癫痫综合征,具有遗传异质性,表现为早发性、难治性和多种发作类型及全面发育迟滞或倒退等特征。文章回顾分析1例确诊GRIN2B基因变异致EOEE 27型患儿的临床资料。患儿为12月龄女童,生后第2天起病,表现为难治性癫痫、精神运动发育迟缓、肌张力低下。头颅磁共振示双侧额部蛛网膜下腔增宽;长程视频脑电图示醒-睡各期均有多灶性尖波、棘波发放,有与临床发作同期的脑部异常放电,提示睡眠期右侧额叶、中央区尖波、棘慢波发放。全外显子基因测序发现患儿GRIN2B基因存在新生杂合错义变异c.2635G>A(p.Glu879Lys)(NM_000834),父母及哥哥基因型为野生型,关联EOEE 27型,未见本位点变异相关文献报道。根据2015年美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会指南,判定为可能致病。患儿应用托吡酯、奥卡西平及康复功能训练治疗。随访患儿发育较正常同龄儿落后,无癫痫发作,脑电图未见异常放电。GRIN2B基因错义变异(NM_000834):c.2635G>A(p.Glu879Lys)是患儿的可能病因。  相似文献   
3.
目的探讨山东中医药大学微型临床演练评估(Mini-CEX)在脑病科实习医师临床教学中的应用及可行性。方法随机选取毕业于山东中医药大学来本院脑病科参加实习的60名本科学历医师作为研究对象。在入脑病科第1、4周分别对实习医师进行Mini-CEX考核,计算Mini-CEX得分,统计带教医师、实习医师对考核的满意度评分,并观察实习医师对Mini-CEX考核方法的认可程度。结果实习医师入科第4周的Mini-CEX得分高于入科第1周(P<0.05)。入科第4周,带教医师与实习医师对考核的满意度评分均高于入科第1周(P<0.05)。调查发现95%以上实习医师对此考核方法认可。结论在脑病科实习医师临床教学中引入Mini-CEX考核模式评价和反馈教学效果是可行的,具实际操作价值。  相似文献   
4.
ObjectivePatients with pathogenic cyclin-dependent kinase-like-5 gene (CDKL5) variants are designated CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD). This study aimed to delineate the clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with CDD and elucidate possible appropriate treatments.MethodsWe recruited patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic CDKL5 variants from a cohort of approximately 1,100 Japanese patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, who underwent genetic analysis. We retrospectively reviewed clinical, electroencephalogram, neuroimaging, and genetic information.ResultsWe identified 29 patients (21 females, eight males). All patients showed severe developmental delay, especially in males. Involuntary movements were observed in 15 patients. No antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) achieved seizure freedom by monotherapy. AEDs achieving ≥ 50% reduction in seizure frequency were sodium valproate in two patients, vigabatrin in one, and lamotrigine in one. Seizure aggravation was observed during the use of lamotrigine, potassium bromide, and levetiracetam. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) was the most effective treatment. The ketogenic diet (KD), corpus callosotomy and vagus nerve stimulation did not improve seizure frequency in most patients, but KD was remarkably effective in one. The degree of brain atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reflected disease severity. Compared with females, males had lower levels of attained motor development and more severe cerebral atrophy on MRI.ConclusionOur patients showed more severe global developmental delay than those in previous studies and had intractable epilepsy, likely because previous studies had lower numbers of males. Further studies are needed to investigate appropriate therapy for CDD, such as AED polytherapy or combination treatment involving ACTH, KD, and AEDs.  相似文献   
5.
6.
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to make a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the stent diameter (8 mm vs. 10 mm) that conveys better safety and clinical efficacy for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).Materials and methodsFour databases were used to identify clinical trials published from inception until March 2020. Data were extracted to estimate and compare one-year and three-year overall survivals, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal rebleeding, and shunt dysfunction rates between patients with 8 mm covered stents and those with 10 mm covered stents.ResultsFive eligible studies were selected, which included 489 patients (316 men, 173 women). The 8 mm covered stent group had higher efficacy regarding one-year or three-year overall survival (odds ratio [OR], 2.88; P = 0.003) and (OR, 1.81; P = 0.04) and lower hepatic encephalopathy (OR, 0.69; P = 0.04) compared with 10 mm covered stent group. There were no significant differences in variceal rebleeding rate (OR 0.80; P = 0.67). However, shunt dysfunction was lower in 10 mm covered stent group (OR, 2.26; P = 0.003).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the use of 8 mm covered stents should be preferred to that of 10 mm covered stents for TIPS placement when portal pressure is frequently monitored.  相似文献   
7.
Decompensated cirrhosis is characterized by chronic inflammation and severe portal hypertension leading to systemic circulatory dysfunction. Albumin infusion has been widely used in decompensated cirrhosis in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, large-volume paracentesis and hepatorenal syndrome. Emerging data suggest long-term albumin infusion has both oncotic and non-oncotic properties which may improve the clinical outcomes in decompensated cirrhosis patients. We review the current literature on both the established and potential role of albumin, and specifically address the controversies of long-term albumin infusion in decompensated cirrhosis patients.  相似文献   
8.
Backgroundchimeric antigen receptor–modified T cell (CAR-T) therapy is an effective and promising treatment for refractory and multiply relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Because of its side effects and poor responses such as neurotoxicity and cytokine release syndrome, patients with central nervous system leukemia were excluded in most previous clinical trials of CAR-T treatment.Patients and MethodsWe enrolled 3 B-ALL patients with central nervous system leukemia relapse. They were infused with CD19-specific CAR-Ts, and their clinical responses were evaluated by bone marrow smear, flow cytometry, and cytogenetic alterations detected by quantitative PCR, interleukin-6, and the expansion and persistence of circulating CAR-Ts in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid.ResultsAfter CAR-T infusion, 2 of the 3 patients experienced bone marrow minimal residual disease–negative complete remission, and all patients tested negative for residual leukemia cells in cerebrospinal fluid tested by flow cytometry. These 3 patients experienced grade 2 or 3 cytokine release syndrome, which resolved completely after symptomatic treatment. None experienced neurotoxicity or needed further intensive care.ConclusionCAR-T infusion is a potentially effective treatment for relapsed/refractory B-ALL patients with central nervous system involvement.  相似文献   
9.
Chromosome 1q41‐q42 deletion syndrome is a rare cause of intellectual disability, seizures, dysmorphology, and multiple anomalies. Two genes in the 1q41‐q42 microdeletion, WDR26 and FBXO28, have been implicated in monogenic disease. Patients with WDR26 encephalopathy overlap clinically with those with 1q41‐q42 deletion syndrome, whereas only one patient with FBXO28 encephalopathy has been described. Seizures are a prominent feature of 1q41‐q42 deletion syndrome; therefore, we hypothesized that pathogenic FBXO28 variants cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). We describe nine new patients with FBXO28 pathogenic variants (four missense, including one recurrent, three nonsense, and one frameshift) and analyze all 10 known cases to delineate the phenotypic spectrum. All patients had epilepsy and 9 of 10 had DEE, including infantile spasms (3) and a progressive myoclonic epilepsy (1). Median age at seizure onset was 22.5 months (range 8 months to 5 years). Nine of 10 patients had intellectual disability, which was profound in six of nine and severe in three of nine. Movement disorders occurred in eight of 10 patients, six of 10 had hypotonia, four of 10 had acquired microcephaly, and five of 10 had dysmorphic features, albeit different to those typically seen in 1q41‐q42 deletion syndrome and WDR26 encephalopathy. We distinguish FBXO28 encephalopathy from both of these disorders with more severe intellectual impairment, drug‐resistant epilepsy, and hyperkinetic movement disorders.  相似文献   
10.
Psychosis is a common and intractable disorder of hospitalization, especially in patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Along with the widely use of multiple antibiotics in community-acquired infection and hospital-acquired infection, the occurrence of antibiotic-associated neurological disorders has become more frequently. However, antibiotic neurotoxicity is often overlooked or misinterpreted. In this review, we summarized the neurological disorders caused by antibacterial agent usage and firstly systematically formulated the pathogenesis of antibiotic-associated neurotoxic reactions. Precautions of the complications are critical in preventing serious clinical outcome as the inducement is curable. Regular neurological physical examination, electroencephalogram (EEG) examination, lumbar puncture and therapeutic drug monitoring closely are essential for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis.  相似文献   
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