Position paper on stress cardiac MRI in chronic coronary syndrome: Endorsed by the Société Française de Radiologie (SFR) the Société Française d’Imagerie CardioVasculaire (SFICV) and the Société Française de Cardiologie (SFC)

This position paper was intended to update the former consensus between the French Societies of Radiology and Cardiology about the use of stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in chronic coronary syndrome published in 2009. The Delphi method was used to build the present consensus. This expert panel consensus includes recommendations for indications, procedure with patient preparation, stress inducing drugs, acquisition protocol, interpretation and risk stratification by stress MRI.     

穴位按压联合硝酸甘油含服治疗冠心病急性心绞痛疗效观察

目的观察穴位按压联合硝酸甘油含服治疗冠心病急性心绞痛的临床疗效。方法87例冠心病急性心绞痛患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组44例和对照组43例。两组均予硝酸甘油片常规剂量和用法,并在此基础上,观察组取膻中、内关、郄门行穴位按压。观察两组症状评分、心绞痛缓解时间、心率及血压,并比较两组临床疗效、心电图疗效。结果观察组临床疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(Z=﹣2.126,P<0.05)。观察组心电图疗效与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=﹣2.156,P<0.05)。治疗后,两组胸痛、胸闷、心悸及气短症状评分较治疗前明显改善,且观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,与对照组比较,观察组心绞痛缓解时间短、心率平稳及收缩压波动小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用硝酸甘油舌下含服治疗冠心病心绞痛患者时予穴位按压,不仅提高临床疗效、改善心功能,还能迅速缓解症状,且对心率和血压具有双向调节作用。     

通心络胶囊联合阿托伐他汀及氯吡格雷治疗冠心病心绞痛临床研究

目的:观察通心络胶囊联合阿托伐他汀、氯吡格雷治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效。方法:选取84例冠心病心绞痛患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,对照组40例给予阿托伐他汀联合氯吡格雷治疗,观察组44例在对照组基础上给予通心络胶囊治疗,3个月后比较2组临床疗效。结果:观察组总有效率(93.18%)显著高于对照组(70.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组心绞痛的持续时间、心绞痛发作次数、心功能指标、血管内皮功能指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组心绞痛持续时间、心绞痛发作次数较治疗前明显降低,观察组心绞痛持续时间、心绞痛发作次数显著低于对照组(P<0.05);2组心功能指标包括心输出量(CO)、心博出量(SV)、心脏指数(CI)及射血分数(EF)均较治疗前明显上升,且观察组各项心功能指标明显高于对照组(P<0.05);2组内皮功能指标内皮素(ET)、血栓素B2(TXB2)水平较治疗前明显降低,一氧化氮(NO)水平较治疗前明显上升(P<0.05),观察组ET、TXB2水平明显低于对照组,NO水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对冠心病心绞痛患者给予通心络胶囊联合阿托伐他汀、氯吡格雷治疗疗效显著,可有效降低心绞痛持续时间和发作次数,改善患者心功能和内皮功能,值得临床推广应用。     

丹参川芎嗪治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨丹参川芎嗪治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)心绞痛的疗效。方法:选择住院治疗的冠心病心绞痛患者120例,随机分为观察组60例及对照组60例。对照组接受临床常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上加入丹参川芎嗪治疗,均治疗2周。治疗2周后评估两组患者的临床症状变化情况,应用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检测心功能参数,抽取外周静脉血检测一氧化氮(Nitric Oxide,NO)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1,PAI-1)含量。结果:治疗2周后,两组的临床症状、心功能参数、NO、PAI-1含量均较治疗前优化(P<0.05)。其中观察组的心绞痛发作次数、单次发作持续时间少于对照组,疼痛程度轻于对照组(P<0.05);超声心电图参数左室舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV)水平低于对照组,左室射血分数(LVEF)水平高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组PAI-1水平下降,NO水平升高。结论:丹参川芎嗪注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛的疗效确切,在缓解心绞痛症状、改善心功能、微循环方面具有优势。     

The possible antianginal effect of allopurinol in vasopressin-induced ischemic model in rats

The anti-anginal effects of allopurinol were assessed in experimental model rats of angina and their effects were evaluated with amlodipine. In the vasopressin-induced angina model, oral administration of allopurinol in dose of 10 mg/kg revealed remarkably analogous effects in comparison with amlodipine such as dose-dependent suppression of vasopressin-triggered time, duration and severity of ST depression. In addition, allopurinol produced dose dependent suppression of plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, systolic blood pressure, cardiac contractility and cardiac oxygen consumption; while in contrast, amlodipine minimally suppressed the elevation of plasma MDA level. Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression, serum nitrate were strikingly increased, however lipid profile was significantly reduced. Seemingly, allopurinol was found to be more potent than amlodipine – a calcium channel antagonist. To conclude, it was explicitly observed and verified that on the ischemic electrocardiography (ECG) changes in angina pectoris model in rats, allopurinol exerts a significant protective effects, reminiscent of enhancement of vascular oxidative stress, function of endothelial cells, improved coronary blood flow in addition to the potential enhancement in myocardial stress. Moreover, our findings were in conformity with several human studies.     

慢性稳定性心绞痛患者冠状动脉临界病变斑块性质的血管内超声分析

目的探讨慢性稳定性心绞痛患者冠状动脉临界病变血管内超声斑块影像学特征。方法对慢性稳定性心绞痛患者行冠状动脉造影检查,对冠状动脉造影显示为临界病变者,行血管内超声检查,评估斑块特征。结果 163例冠状动脉临界病变患者中薄帽纤维粥样硬化斑块(TCFA)、厚帽纤维粥样硬化斑块(ThCFA)患者分别为37、50例。TCFA、ThCFA患者临床特征、冠状动脉分布情况差异无统计学意义;超过50%的临界病变血管在左冠状动脉前降支;ThCFA患者平均斑块负荷、斑块面积高于TCFA患者;ThCFA及TCFA患者斑块成分以纤维组织最多,其次为纤维脂肪组织和坏死核心成分,高密度钙化面积最低。TCFA患者最小管腔面积≤4.0mm2者占18.92%(7/37),显著高于ThCFA患者。结论慢性稳定性心绞痛冠状动脉临界病变ThCFA患者斑块负荷更重,管腔面积更大。TCFA患者最小管腔面积≤4.0mm2比例更高。     

银杏黄酮苷与复方丹参片对冠心病心绞痛患者心电图、心功能、血液流变学的影响对比分析

目的:对比分析银杏黄酮苷与复方丹参片对冠心病心绞痛患者心电图、心功能、血液流变学的影响。方法:对我院在2015年1月至2016年12月期间新疆医科大学第六附属医院收治的冠心病心绞痛患者88例的临床治疗进行回顾性分析。采用随机抽样的方式将患者分成观察组与对照组,每组44例。对照组患者予以复方丹参片治疗,观察组患者予以银杏黄酮苷治疗,2组患者共治疗1个月,观察2组患者治疗前后心电图、心功能、血液流变学改善情况以及有无发生不良反应情况。结果:治疗后观察组患者一般症状改善总有效率、心绞痛疗效、心电图疗效均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前2组患者心功能各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后心功能各指标均有改善情况,但观察组患者改善情况明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前2组患者全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度、血浆高切黏度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后2组患者全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度、血浆高切黏度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数值均有改善,但观察组患者改善程度明显大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组患者治疗期间未发生明显不适情况。结论:银杏黄酮苷治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效明显优于复方丹参片,并且安全性高,更适合临床应用。     

配伍活血化瘀理气类中草药在治疗冠心病心绞痛患者中的应用

目的:探讨活血化瘀理气类中草药配伍治疗冠心病心绞痛的治疗效果与方法。方法:将2015年2月至2016年2月心血管内科与中医科会诊治疗冠心病心绞痛患者中随机抽80例分为观察组和对照组,每组40例;对照组患者用单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片+富马酸比索洛尔片进行治疗,观察组用活血化瘀理气类中草药口服治疗。结果:经过1个月治疗后,观察组的治疗总有效率为87.5%,对照组的治疗总有效率为70%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组经过治疗后,共有6例患者出现了不良反应,其中眩晕头痛2例,低血压1例,胃肠道反应2例,皮疹1例,不良反应发生率为15%。观察组经过治疗后有3例患者出现了不良反应,其中皮肤过敏1例,胃肠道反应2例,不良反应发生率为7.5%,差异均有有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:应用活血化瘀理气类中草药配伍治疗冠心病心绞痛可以显著改善患者的体征和临床症状,降低患者心绞痛的发作次数和持续时间,具有较好的临床治疗效果。     

Effects of high frequency exercise in patients before and after elective percutaneous coronary intervention

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high frequency exercise for patients before and after an elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), with special reference to maximal aerobic capacity, muscle function, health related quality of life (HRQoL), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and restenosis.

Methods

A randomised, controlled study was performed in Sweden between 2004 and 2006 in thirty-seven patients (five women) with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), age 63.6 ± 6.9 years, randomised to either high frequency exercise or control group. The patients in the training group performed three endurance resistance exercises and trained on a cycle ergometer 30 min, 5 times a week for 8 months at 70% of VO_2max.

Results

Patients in the training group significantly improved their maximal aerobic capacity (15 (9-46) vs. 8 (0-18)% p ≤ 0.05), shoulder flexion (p ≤ 0.01), shoulder abduction (p ≤ 0.01) and heel-lift (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups in HRQoL, WHR and restenosis.

Conclusion

High frequency exercise in patients treated with PCI seems to improve maximal aerobic capacity and muscle function, which may reduce the risks of further progression of atherosclerosis. However, further larger studies are needed to fully investigate the effects of exercise in patients with PCI.     

416例胸痛患者冠脉造影的回顾分析

目的:探讨患者临床表现、心电图改变对冠心病的诊断意义。材料与方法:选取416例冠脉造影病例,临床表现和心电图改变分成2组,行常规12导联ECG检查,并加做V3R、V4R、V5R导联及冠脉造影,进行患者临床表现心电图及冠脉造影比较。结果:典型胸痛诊断冠心病灵敏度为42.4%、特异度为64.7%,阳性预测值为82.2%,阴性预测值为58.3%,心肌缺血的心电图在诊断冠心病的灵敏度为64.6%、特异度为36.7%、阳性预测值为47.0%、阴性预测值为54.7%。心肌缺血的心电图在ST段压低或抬高诊断冠心病的灵敏度为53.1%、特异度为67.2%、阳性预测值为66.1%、阴性预测值为54.3%。心肌制备的心电图中T波倒置诊断冠心病的灵敏度为40.0%、特异度为44.8%、阳性预测值为31.63%、阴性预测值为54.63%。心肌制备的心电图在典型胸痛诊断冠心病灵敏度为70.3%、特异度为40.5%,阳性预测为58.7%、阴性预测值为53.3%。心肌缺血的心电图在不典型胸痛诊断冠心病的灵敏度为61.5%、特异度为34.5%、阳性预测值为40.2%、阴性预测值为55.6%。结论:典型胸痛诊断冠心病特异度高,阳性预测价值大,误诊率低,典型胸痛者冠心病的可能性大;心肌缺血的心电图诊断冠心病的敏感性高而特异性低,单凭其诊断冠心病有一定的片面性;与临床和其他实验室资料相联系,ST段、T波改变具有较大的预测价值。ST段压低或抬高在诊断冠心病中的价值要优于单纯T波改变者。