电针复合TCI靶控输注在单肺通气食管癌开胸手术麻醉中的应用与安全性＊

目的 探讨电针复合靶控输注（Target Controlled Infusion， TCI）在单肺通气食管癌开胸手术麻醉中的应用价值。方法 选取于我院拟行单肺通气食管癌开胸切除手术患者60例作为研究对象。随机将其分为试验组与对照组，对照组30例采取气管插管全麻及TCI靶控输注维持麻醉深度，试验组30例则在对照组方案基础上辅助电针麻醉，记录两组患者手术麻醉时间、药物用量、苏醒时间、并发症；以及术前（T_Ⅰ）、插管前即刻（T_Ⅱ）、插管后1 min（T_Ⅲ）、切皮即刻（T_Ⅳ）、去骨时（T_Ⅴ）、拔管即刻（T_Ⅵ）时平均动脉压（MAP）、平均心率（HR）、BIS值；术前、术后1天、术后3天简易智能精神状态检查量表（MMSE）；并于麻醉诱导前（T₀）、手术开始2 h（T₁）、术后1天（T₂）、术后3天（T₃）时抽取患者外周静脉血检测IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α浓度。结果 试验组手术用时、麻醉时间略低于对照组，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），试验组异丙酚、舒芬太尼用量以及苏醒时间均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）；T_Ⅱ时两组平均动脉压（Mean Arterial Pressure， MAP）、心率（Heartrate， HR）较术前明显降低，且试验组MAP明显低于对照组（P<0.05），但两组T_Ⅱ时HR比较无显著差异（P>0.05）；T_Ⅲ、T_Ⅵ时对照组MAP、HR明显高于T_Ⅰ时，而试验组MAP、HR与T_Ⅰ比较无显著差异（P>0.05）。术后1天、3天试验组简易智能精神状态检查量表（Mini-Mental State Examination， MMSE）评分低于对照组，有显著性差异（P<0.05）。T₁、T₂、T₃时试验组白介素-1β（IL-1β）、白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子（Tumor Necrosis Factor-α， TNF-α）水平明显低于对照组（P<0.05），白介素-10（IL-10）水平明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 采用电针复合TCI靶控输注麻醉方案可有效提升单肺通气食管癌开胸手术麻醉效果，能够降低患者术后认知功能障碍发生风险。     

纳布啡复合丙泊酚对腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的麻醉效果

目的观察纳布啡复合丙泊酚对腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的麻醉效果，并分析其对患者应激、炎症因子的影响。 方法选择2015年10月至2018年10月，广西壮族自治区人民医院行腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的182例患者作为研究对象，按随机数字法将其分为2组。研究组患者91例，行钠布啡复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉；对照组患者91例，行芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉。对比2组患者的麻醉效果、麻醉起效时间、术后清醒时间以及术后1 d疼痛情况，并通过促甲状腺激素（TSH）与皮质醇（Cor）水平观察患者应激反应，对比炎症因子超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的变化情况。 结果2组患者手术麻醉起效时间与术后清醒时间比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；研究组的术后1 d疼痛评分显著低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者术前1 d的hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平比较，差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）；术后1 d研究组的hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平均显著低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者术前1 d的TSH、Cor表达水平比较，差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）；术后1 d的TSH表达水平比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），术后1d研究组的Cor表达水平均显著低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论纳布啡复合丙泊酚作为腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术麻醉方式能取得较好的麻醉效果，并且能减轻患者术后疼痛，减少应激反应与炎症反应，可作为腹腔镜腹股沟修补术的优选麻醉方式。     

姑息性大动脉调转手术的麻醉管理

目的 总结姑息性大动脉调转手术(palliative arterial switch operation,PASO)的麻醉管理. 方法 回顾性总结分析28例于我院行PASO的完全性大动脉转位合并室间隔缺损(transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect,TGA/VSD)或Taussing-Bing综合征患者的临床资料.28例患者年龄中位数为4岁(1月～25岁),体重中位数为12.5 kg(3.6～43kg),术前均诊断为重度肺动脉高压,术前SpO2波动在44％～91％. 结果 所有患者麻醉过程平稳,平均CPB时间为(223±81) min,平均主动脉阻断时间为(153±32) min.平均室间隔补片留孔大小为(5.3±1.5) mm.术后机械辅助通气时间中位数为36 h(7～408 h),ICU停留时间中位数为5.5 d(2～27 d).术后平均SpO2为(96±2)％,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).住院死亡5例(18％),余好转出院.出院患者中5例在出院后的1～5年间行介入残余室缺分流堵闭术. 结论 充分的术前准备和评估,平顺的麻醉诱导和维持,围手术期肺动脉高压的处理,早期合理地应用血管活性药物以及出凝血功能的调整,有利于PASO的成功.     

Kinetics of isoflurane and sevoflurane in a unidirectional displacement flow and the relevance to anesthetic gas exposure by operating room personnel

International guidelines recommend the use of ventilation systems in operating rooms to reduce the concentration of potentially hazardous substances such as anesthetic gases. The exhaust air grilles of these systems are typically located in the lower corners of the operating room and pick up two-thirds of the air volume, whereas the final third is taken from near the ceiling, which guarantees an optimal perfusion of the operating room with a sterile filtered air supply. However, this setup is also employed because anesthetic gases have a higher molecular weight than the components of air and should pool on the floor if movement is kept to a minimum and if a ventilation system with a unidirectional displacement flow is employed. However, this anticipated pooling of volatile anesthetics at the floor level has never been proven. Thus, we herein investigated the flow behaviors of isoflurane, sevoflurane, and carbon dioxide (for comparison) in a measuring chamber sized 2.46?×?1.85?×?5.40 m with a velocity of 0.3 m/sec and a degree of turbulence <20%. Gas concentrations were measured at 1,728 measuring positions throughout the measuring chamber, and the flow behaviors of isoflurane and sevoflurane were found to be similar, with an overlap of 90%. The largest spread of both gases was 55?cm at 5.4 m from the emission source. Interestingly, neither isoflurane nor sevoflurane was detected at floor level, but a continuous cone-like spreading was observed due to gravity. In contrast, carbon dioxide accumulated at floor level in the form of a gas cloud. Thus, floor level exhaust ventilation systems are likely unsuitable for the collection and removal of anesthetic gases from operating rooms.     

Abordagem perioperatória de grávida com angioedema hereditário submetida a cesariana: relato de caso

Hereditary angioedema is an autosomal dominant disorder, presenting as sudden and recurring episodes of variable severity of subcutaneous and mucosa edema that may occur spontaneously or in response to triggers. There are three knwon types of hereditary angioedema. The disorder is caused by decrease in the plasma level or change in the functional capacity of C1 inhibitor, with increase in bradykinin and in vascular permeability, and consequent edema. Several measures are required in the perioperative period in order to avoid an acute attack. Prophylaxis should be carried out throughout pregnancy before any surgical procedure, before dental procedures, upon airway handling, on patients with previous episodes of angioedema, and when there are significant changes in volemia. The literature is scarce in regard to the association between hereditary angioedema and pregnancy. We describe a successful case of a pregnant patient with type I hereditary angioedema submitted to a C‐section.     

不同全身麻醉药物在老年患者关节置换术中的麻醉效果分析

目的探讨不同全身麻醉药物在老年患者关节置换术中的麻醉效果。方法选取本院收治的90例行关节置换术的老年患者(>60岁)为研究对象,随机分为A、B组,每组各45例。A组患者采用瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚静脉注射维持麻醉深度,B组患者采用七氟烷和瑞芬太尼静息复合麻醉维持麻醉深度。比较两组患者不同时点的血流动力学、吞咽恢复时间、术后清醒时间、拔管时间、出麻醉恢复室(PACU)时间以及简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分。结果两组患者麻醉前和手术开始时的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)比较均无显著差异(P>0.05),术中30分钟和术毕MAP和HR比较差异均具有显著性(P<0.05)。两组患者吞咽恢复时间、术后清醒时间、拔管时间和出PACU时间比较差异均具有显著性(P<0.05)。两组患者MMSE评分比较差异具有显著性(χ2=9.301,P<0.05)。结论丙泊酚静脉全身麻醉能够更好地维持患者术中的血流动力学稳定,术后苏醒较快,认知功能良好,可以更好地应用于老年患者关节置换术中。     

Effects of Peritoneal Ropivacaine Nebulization for Pain Control After Laparoscopic Gynecologic Surgery

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of peritoneal cold nebulization of ropivacaine on pain control after gynecologic laparoscopy.DesignEvidence obtained from a properly designed, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Canadian Task Force classification I).SettingTertiary care center.PatientsOne hundred thirty-five women with American Society of Anesthesiologists disease classified as ASA I-III who were scheduled to undergo operative laparoscopy.InterventionPatients were randomized to receive either nebulization of 30 mg ropivacaine before surgery (preoperative group), nebulization of 30 mg ropivacaine after surgery (postoperative group), instillation of 100 mg ropivacaine before surgery (instillation group), or instillation of saline solution (control group). Nebulization was performed using the Aeroneb Pro device.Measurement and Main ResultsPain scores, morphine consumption, and ambulation time were collected in the post-anesthesia care unit and at 4, 6, and 24 hours postoperatively. One hundred eighteen patients completed the study. Patients in the preoperative group reported lower pain Numeric Ranking Scale values compared with those in the control group (net difference 2 points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3–3.1 at 4 hours, 1–3 at 6 hours, and 0.7–3 at 24 hours; p = .01) Patients in the preoperative group consumed significantly less morphine than did those in the control group (net difference 7 mg; 95% CI, 0.7–13; p = .02). More patients who received nebulization walked without assistance within 12 hours after awakening than did those in the instillation and control groups (net difference 15%; 95% CI, 6%–24%; p = .001).ConclusionsCold nebulization of ropivacaine before surgery reduced postoperative pain and morphine consumption and was associated with earlier walking without assistance.