经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

通过健康教育降低AECOPD患者的抑郁、焦虑症状

目的：通过健康教育干预AECOPD患者,探索一种科学合理的老年AECOPD全程健康教育模式。方法：选择年龄60岁以上AECOPD患者30例,进行健康教育,宣讲AECOPD知识,教育前后用量表及问卷来评定。结果：治疗依从性提高90.3%,抑郁、焦虑的症状减轻30%以上。结论：通过对患者及家属进行健康教育,可以提高患者依从性、保健意识、缩短住院时间,同时,对提高综和医院临床医生对老年AECOPD患者心理问题的早期识别有重要意义。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期伴呼吸衰竭患者机械通气治疗失败的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)伴呼吸衰竭患者机械通气治疗失败的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2018年6月至2020年6月我院收治的57例行机械通气治疗的AECOPD伴呼吸衰竭患者的临床资料,采用单因素和多元Logistic回归分析探讨机械通气治疗失败的影响因素。结果57例AECOPD伴呼吸衰竭患者中,机械通气治疗失败率为31.58%(18/57)。单因素和多元Logistic回归分析显示,血清NT-proBNP高表达、合并基础疾病、低pH值是AECOPD伴呼吸衰竭患者机械通气治疗失败的独立影响因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论AECOPD伴呼吸衰竭患者机械通气治疗失败与血清NT-proBNP高表达、合并基础疾病、低pH值密切相关,临床需对上述危险因素重点关注。     

Randomized Trial of Zileuton for Treatment of COPD Exacerbations Requiring Hospitalization

Rationale: Leukotrienes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute exacerbations of COPD, but leukotriene modifiers have not been studied as a possible therapy for exacerbations. Objective: We sought to test the safety and efficacy of adding oral zileuton (a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor) to usual treatment for acute exacerbations of COPD requiring hospitalization. Methods: Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study of zileuton 600 mg orally, 4 times daily versus placebo for 14 days starting within 12 hours of hospital admission for COPD exacerbation. Primary outcome measure was hospital length of stay; secondary outcomes included treatment failure and biomarkers of leukotriene production. Main Findings: Sixty subjects were randomized to zileuton and 59 to placebo (the study was stopped short of enrollment goals because of slow recruitment). There was no difference in hospital length of stay (3.75 ± 2.19 vs. 3.86 ± 3.06 days for zileuton vs. placebo, p = 0.39) or treatment failure (23% vs. 27% for zileuton vs. placebo, p = 0.63) despite a decline in urinary LTE₄ levels in the zileuton-treated group as compared to placebo at 24 hours (change in natural log-transformed ng/mg creatinine ?1.38 ± 1.19 vs. 0.14 ± 1.51, p < 0.0001) and 72 hours (?1.32 ± 2.08 vs. 0.26 ± 1.93, p<0.006). Adverse events were similar in both groups. Principal Conclusions: While oral zileuton during COPD exacerbations that require hospital admission is safe and reduces urinary LTE₄ levels, we found no evidence suggesting that this intervention shortened hospital stay, with the limitation that our sample size may have been insufficient to detect a modest but potentially meaningful clinical improvement.     

不同呼气末正压下神经调节辅助通气对AECOPD患者呼吸功的影响分析

目的探讨不同呼气末正压下神经调节辅助通气对AECOPD患者呼吸功的影响。方法选取2015年6月~2016年6月在我院治疗的80例AECOPD患者,将80例患者分为研究组和对照组,每组40例,对照组患者采用3 cmH2O的呼气末正压,研究组患者采用9.8 cmH2O的呼气末正压。治疗后,观察两组患者血常规、排痰量以及肺功能的差距。结果研究组治疗总有效率为95.0%,明显高于对照组的80.0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前,两组患者的FEV1%(第1秒用力呼气容积)、FEV1%/FVC(第1秒呼气容积同肺活量之间的比值)、6MWT(6 min步行试验)和FEV1未出现明显差异(P0.05),在治疗后,研究组的FEV1%、FEV1%/FVC、6MWT和FEV1水平明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论神经调节辅助通气对于AECOPD患者有明显的治疗效果,并且呼气末正压越高,对AECOPD患者的治疗效果越好,能够明显改善患者的肺部功能,值得进一步推广和应用。     

前列地尔联合甲泼尼龙针改善血栓前状态治疗AECOPD临床分析

目的观察前列地尔联合甲泼尼龙对AECOPD炎症以及血栓前状态的影响,并分析其临床疗效。方法选取2011年8月~2013年8月于舟山市妇幼保健院进行治疗的AECOPD患者100例,随机分成甲泼尼龙治疗对照组和前列地尔联合甲泼尼龙治疗观察组,每组50例。IL-6、TNF-α表达的检测使用ELISA法。比较两组的全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度等血液流变指标,以及临床疗效和不良反应发生率。结果治疗前对照组和观察组全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后两组均出现显著减低(P<0.05),但观察组的减低效应显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前观察组和对照组IL-6、TNF-α表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后IL-6和TNF-α均显著减低(P<0.05和P<0.01),但治疗后IL-6、TNF-α表达水平在观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组咳嗽缓解时间、呼吸困难消失时间、啰音消失时间以及住院时间分别为5.74±1.62、3.68±0.76、5.27±1.24、9.74±2.28天,显著长于观察组的3.76±1.03、2.53±0.58、3.36±0.88、7.22±1.69天(P<0.05)。观察组临床治疗有效率为90.0%,显著优于对照组的76.0%(P<0.05)。结论前列地尔联合甲泼尼龙治疗AECOPD,可以显著改善患者的血栓前状态,抑制炎性反应,临床安全、有效,值得推广使用。     

血清降钙素原检测在急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病中的应用价值

目的探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)检测在急性加重期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(AECOPD)治疗中的应用价值。方法将收治的66例AECOPD患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组根据PCT检测结果指导抗生素使用,对照组由临床经验丰富医生指导抗生素使用,检测两组患者治疗前后血清PCT、和Hs-CRP及白细胞计数,同时对比两组抗生素使用时间、费用、住院天数、二重感染率及1年内AECOPD发生率。结果两组治疗后血清PCT、Hs-CRP含量及白细胞计数均低于治疗前(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后血清PCT、Hs-CRP含量及白细胞计数低于对照组(P>0.05)。观察组抗生素使用时间、费用、住院时间、二重感染率及1年内AECOPD发生率均显著优于对照组,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血清PCT检测可为AECOPD患者临床使用抗生素提供指导,而合理使用抗生素对于提高治疗效果及减少复发均具有积极意义。     

前列地尔对AECOPD患者氧化应激损伤的影响及疗效分析

目的观察前列地尔对AECOPD患者氧化应激损伤的影响,分析其临床疗效。方法收集2012年4月至2014年3月在我院治疗的AECOPD患者120例,随机分为常规治疗组(对照组)和前列地尔治疗组(观察组),每组60例。另取本院体检中心健康体检者60例作为正常对照组。8-iso-PGF2α、IL-6、TNF-α表达的检测使用ELISA法。结果治疗前对照组和观察组8-iso-PGF2α、IL-6和TNF-α表达比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.01);治疗后,两个治疗组的8-iso-PGF2α、IL-6和TNF-α表达均显著减低(P<0.05、P<0.01),且观察组均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,对照组和观察组的Pa CO2、Pa O2、FEV1预计值和FEV1/FVC比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组Pa CO2降低(P<0.05、P<0.01),Pa O2、FEV1预计值及FEV1/FVC均升高(P<0.05、P<0.01),观察组上述指标的改善作用显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的咳嗽缓解、呼吸困难消失、啰音消失及住院时间分别为(3.62±1.12)d、(2.67±0.62)d、(3.41±0.79)d和(7.36±1.72)d,对照组为(5.85±1.74)d、(3.82±0.81)d、(5.33±1.32)d、(9.64±2.23)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组临床治疗有效率高于对照组(88.3%vs.73.3%,P<0.05)。结论前列地尔治疗AECOPD可以显著减轻患者的氧化应激损伤,抑制炎症反应,临床疗效显著,值得推广使用。     

2015-2019年甘肃医学院附属医院慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者继发肺部真菌感染率趋势及耐药性分析

目的 了解2015-2019年甘肃医学院附属医院慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）患者继发肺部真菌感染率变化趋势、分布及耐药性特点。方法 提取2015-2019年甘肃医学院附属医院AECOPD患者临床真菌分离及药敏相关数据。结果 2015-2019年AECOPD患者继发肺部真菌感染率为13.37%,且呈上升趋势,真菌感染率从2015年的10.88%上升至2019年的15.71%;共分离出6种真菌,以白色念珠菌（52.41%）、光滑念珠菌（25.13%）、热带念珠菌（12.30%）、曲霉菌（8.02%）为主;主要以真菌与细菌的混合感染存在（64.61%）,其中以真菌与革兰阴性菌混合感染为主（70.43%）。氟康唑对各种念珠菌耐药率接近30%,对曲霉菌耐药率大于90%,伏立康唑和两性霉素B对各种念珠菌和曲霉菌的耐药率较小。结论 真菌感染在AECOPD患者中呈明显增长趋势,白色念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌和曲霉菌常见,且主要为与细菌混合感染存在,氟康唑对真菌耐药率较高,伏立康唑成为治疗真菌感染的首选。