轻度认知功能障碍患者情绪记忆损害特征

目的探讨轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)患者情绪记忆的改变。方法采用情绪记忆神经认知心理学检查评价22例MCI患者(MCI组)及22名健康成年人(正常对照组)的情绪记忆,并采用事件诱发电位(ERPs)检测P300的潜伏期和波幅。结果与正常对照组比较,MCI组MMSE、词汇流畅性试验、数字广度试验评分均显著降低(均P 0. 01)。MCI组与正常对照组正性、中性和负性情绪图片效价度差异无统计学意义(均P 0. 05)。与正常对照组比较,MCI组正性和负性图片再认正确率均显著降低(P 0. 05～0. 01),中性图片再认正确率差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。MCI组及正常对照组正性、负性与中性图片再认正确率差异有统计学意义(F=6. 27,F=39. 13;均P 0. 05)。与正常对照组比较,MCI组正性和负性图片再认反应时间差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05～0. 01),中性图片差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。MCI组及正常对照组正性、负性与中性图片再认反应时间差异有统计学意义(F=3. 74,F=16. 48;均P 0. 05)。MCI组与正常对照组学习阶段ERPs-P300的潜伏期、波幅差异无统计学意义(均P 0. 05)。与正常对照组比较,MCI组再认阶段正性和负性图片ERPs-P300潜伏期显著增加,波幅显著降低(P 0. 05～0. 01);中性图片潜伏期及波幅差异无统计学意义(均P 0. 05)。MCI组学习阶段(F=55. 20,P 0. 05; F=43. 12,P 0. 05)及再认阶段(F=29. 36,P 0. 05; F=19. 39,P 0. 05)正性、负性与中性情绪图片ERPs-P300潜伏期及波幅差异均有统计学意义;正性与负性ERPs-P300潜伏期及波幅比较差异无统计学意义(均P 0. 05)。正常对照组的学习阶段(F=55. 66,P 0. 05; F=39. 33,P 0. 05)及再认阶段(F=114. 48,P 0. 05; F=51. 77,P 0. 05)正性、负性与中性情绪图片ERPs-P300潜伏期及波幅差异均有统计学意义。结论 MCI患者存在情绪记忆的受损及反应时间延长,且情绪效价"正向"选择性偏向受损。     

股内侧肌和腓肠肌疲劳后反应时的变化及郑氏按摩手法的干预效应

目的：观察股内侧肌和腓肠肌疲劳后反应时的变化及应用郑怀贤教授创立的郑氏按摩手法对这种变化的影响。方法：于2005-05／06选择成都体育学院运动医学系健康男性大学生30人，随机抽签法分为3组：单纯训练组，按摩组，理疗组，每组10人。下肢大强度运动方式：①功率自行车蹬车20min，阻力3档，速度20km／h。②优势腿单脚跳楼梯22级&;#215;5组。组间休息1min。（彭优势腿在CYBEX等动练习器上做膝关节屈伸练习2组，60次／组，角速度为180（&;#176;）／s，两组间休息10min。每种运动方式后休息5min。运动结束后，立即进行恢复性治疗。按摩组以郑氏按摩手法重点放松股四头肌、胭绳肌和小腿三头肌15min。理疗组采用自制活血化瘀中药液（红花、川芎、木香、血竭等14种中药组成）和CLJL-3多功能经络治疗仪作中药离子导入，电极安放位置为血海-梁丘，阴-阳陵泉，悬钟-太冲共3对，时间20min。单纯训练组不做特殊处理，自然休息恢复。于运动前、运动后即刻和恢复4h采用肌电图仪分别记录受试者股内侧肌和腓肠肌的肌肉反应时，包括脊髓反射、中间反射和自主肌肉活动肌肉反应时。结果：各组大学生均完成训练和各时段指标测试，全部进入结果分析。①单纯训练组运动后即刻股内侧肌和腓肠肌的脊髓反射时、中间反射时、自主肌肉活动时均比运动前显著延长，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）；恢复4h后股内侧肌中间反射时和腓肠肌脊髓反射时仍比运动前显著延长，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。②理疗组运动后即刻股内侧肌和腓肠肌的脊髓反射时、中间反射时、自主肌肉活动时均比运动前显著延长，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）；恢复4h后股内侧肌脊髓反射时和腓肠肌中间反射时仍比运动前显著延长，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。③按摩组运动后即刻股内侧肌和腓肠肌的脊髓反射时、中间反射时、自主肌肉活动时均比运动前显著延长，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）；恢复4h后股内侧肌和腓肠肌的脊髓反射时、中间反射时、自主肌肉活动时均与运动前接近，恢复正常，差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论：运动后即刻股内侧肌和腓肠肌的反应时显著性延长，是疲劳后膝关节受伤增加的主要原因之一。郑氏按摩手法可促进股内侧肌和腓肠肌反应时的恢复。     

脊髓诱发电位潜伏期改变与马尾神经慢性受压过程中压力和时间因素的相关性

目的：探讨马尾神经慢性压迫过程中，脊髓诱发电位(SCEP)改变与压迫时间和压力之间的关系。方法：采用多元线性回归方差分析方法，研究三者之间的关系。结果：压力、压迫时间二者均对SCEP的潜伏期变化相关，压迫时间在回归分析中的作用很小，压力不变的情况下，压迫时间增加1d，SCEP的潜伏期延长0．000035ms；压迫时间相同的情况下，压力每增加0．133kPa，SCEP的潜伏期延长0．23579ms。结论：马尾神经慢性受压损伤时SCEP的潜伏期延长，时间因素影响明显小于压力因素的影响。     

普拉提运动降低老年女性跌倒次数的作用机制

目的探讨普拉提运动是否能够改善老年女性的柔韧性、反应时间和肌肉力量,从而降低跌倒的次数。方法 60例65岁以上的老年妇女自愿参与实验,随机分为对照组和运动组。运动组完成3次/w,1 h/次的普拉提运动,共12 w。运动前和运动后测量柔韧性、反应时间和肌肉力量。运动前和12 w中记录跌倒的次数。结果与对照组相比,运动组的柔韧性、反应时间和肌肉力量显著改善(P0.05)。结论普拉提运动可有效改善老年女性的柔韧性、反应时间和肌肉力量,同时降低跌倒的倾向。     

临产孕妇凝血三项和血栓弹力图检测的临床意义

目的探讨孕妇在临产期间凝血功能相关指标的变化及其临床意义。方法采用Stago STA Compact全自动凝血分析仪、TEG-5000血栓弹力图分析仪,对82例临产孕妇和40例非孕健康妇女(健康对照组)的血中凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血反应时间(R)、凝血形成时间(K)和最大振幅(MA)进行检测和比较分析。结果临产孕妇的PT、APTT、R和K显著低于健康对照组,两组差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。而临产孕妇的FIB含量和MA振幅显著高于健康对照组,两组差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论妊娠中、晚期由于凝血功能增强、抗凝及纤溶功能减弱,造成临产孕妇的血液具有高凝性状,孕妇在临产之前测定机体的凝血功能,可以预防临产孕妇在分娩过程中及产后可能出现的大出血以及预防弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)的发生和及时治疗,同时对于降低临产孕妇DIC的发生率和病死率具有重要的临床价值。     

佛山120急救调度模式下的院内反应时间状况分析及策略

目的对佛山120急救调度模式下的院内反应时间进行分析，提出缩短院内反应时间的策略。方法使用SPSS统计软件对2011年11～12月8点至18点我院急诊科确认并接受的由通讯指挥中心发出的院前急救指令进行随机抽查，对其院内反应时间【A组（急诊医师组）、B组（急诊护士组）、C组（担架员组）和D组（救护车司机组）】进行分析。结果2011年11～12月8点至18点，对佛山市中医院急诊科调度护士接收到的526例院前急救指令进行随机抽查并进行统计。A组院内反应时间（51．58±16．63）S，B组院内反应时间（51．09±16．47）s，C组院内反应时间（59．40±17．06）s．D组院内反应时间（59．30±17．12）s。A、B、C和D组院内反应时间比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。A组和B组较C组和D组的院内反应时间较短，A组和B组间无统计学意义（P〉0．0083），C组和D组间无统计学意义（P〉0．05）．A组和B组与C组和D组间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。我院急诊科综合院内平均反应时间（59．69±16．78）s．2min内出车率100％。比广州市120急救网络医院的院内反应时间短，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论因地制宜，制定相关策略缩短院内反应时间。     

Inhibitory ability of children with developmental dyscalculia

Inhibitory ability of children with developmental dyscalculia(DD) was investigated to explore the cognitive mechanism underlying DD.According to the definition of developmental dyscalculia,19 children with DD-only and 10 children with DD&RD(DD combined with reading disability) were selected step by step,children in two control groups were matched with children in case groups by gender and age,and the match ratio was 1:1.Psychological testing software named DMDX was used to measure inhibitory ability of the subjects.The differences of reaction time in number Stroop tasks and differences of accuracy in incongruent condition of color-word Stroop tasks and object inhibition tasks between DD-only children and their controls reached significant levels(P<0.05),and the differences of reaction time in number Stroop tasks between dyscalculic and normal children did not disappear after controlling the non-executive components.The difference of accuracy in color-word incongruent tasks between children with DD&RD and normal children reached significant levels(P<0.05).Children with DD-only confronted with general inhibitory deficits,while children with DD&RD confronted with word inhibitory deficits only.     

基于行为反应量的醒睡变换动态探测

BACKGROUND： According to observable behaviors, sleep and wakefulness are two fundamentally different behavioral states. Although electroencephalogram （EEG） is traditionally used to define sleep stage, it is difficult to detect or to quantify microarousals or disruptions during sleep. In addition initial sleep cannot be defined. It is thought that the wake-sleep transition cannot be defined by EEG patterns.
OBJECTIVE： To observe the behavioral response magnitude during wake-sleep transition by EEG monitoring and to define the wake-sleep transition.
DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A behavioral and neural network study was performed at the Key Lab of Human Being Development and Mental Health of Central China Normal University, and Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science of South Central University for Nationalities, China in July 2007.
PARTICIPANTS： A total of 30 healthy volunteers, of equal gender and aged （19.7 ± 1.1 ） years, were recruited from the Central China Normal University, China for this study. None of the subjects had undergone EEG recording prior to this study or received any medication for sleep disturbances.
METHODS： A novel adaptive approach was applied to detect wake-sleep transition, which avoided stimulus-induced waking. To test the difference between wake state and wake-sleep transition, the amount of self-information and mutual-information were effective parameters to analyze wake-sleep transition.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The following parameters were measured： morphological changes in reaction time-magnitude, as well as correlation between phase changes and sleep, and wake and wake-sleep transition.
RESULTS： There were three typical phases in morphological changes of reaction time-magnitude. With regard to the behavioral definition and criterion for sleep, the phase morphological characteristics displayed good correlation with behavioral states, such as sleep, wakefulness, and sleep onset. Entropy as an indicator of brain cognitive processes was introduced to test for differences between the wakefulness and sleep onset phase. Results indicated a cognitive declined transitional period different between sleep and wake. After staggered cognitive changes during the wake-sleep transition, the brain underwent marked alterations and transitioned into sleep quickly with no bi-directional EEG changes.
CONCLUSION： Wake-sleep transition exists as an independent stage.