颈动脉狭窄支架成形术能替代内膜剥脱术吗?

颈动脉分叉处独特的血流动力学特征决定了该处是动脉粥样硬化最易发生的部位，造成管径的狭窄而导致脑组织远端血流动力学性梗死。另外，沿颈动脉球内侧壁的血流保持层流，有着很高的流速和很强的剪切力，而其外侧壁处血流的分离、停滞、湍流和复杂震荡的剪切力都可引起动脉粥样硬化性斑块的脱落。因此，颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄是导致卒中发生的主要原因之一（占卒中发生的10％～20％），对其治疗是多年来受全球关注的热点。     

如何提高缺血性脑血管病超声检测技术的准确性

脑血管疾病(cerebral vascular disease,CVD)是造成人类死亡和致残的重要原因.根据CVD病变原因可分为出血性和缺血性两大类,文献报道70%～80%是缺血性脑血管病(ischemic cerebral vascular disease,ICVD);根据病变部位分为颅内和颅外段动脉病变.确定血管病变部位及血流动力学变化,是采用不同治疗方法的关键.……     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

静脉用免疫球蛋白的治疗作用机制及其不良反应

静脉滴注免疫球蛋白用于多种自身免疫性疾病和炎症性疾病的治疗,其作用机制包括对自身抗体的作用,抑制补体结合,阻止膜攻击复合物形成,调节巨噬细胞Fc受体,抑制致病性细胞因子和其他免疫调节分子等。该药不反应反应较少,主要有皮肤过敏反应、无菌性脑膜炎、血浆黏度增加和血栓形成以及肾功能损害等。     

大鼠静脉窦高压致硬膜血管变化的研究

目的探讨大鼠静脉窦高压后硬膜血管变化及其静脉窦高压在硬脑膜动静脉瘘形成中的作用。方法体重200～250g的SD雄性大鼠110只,随机分为静脉窦高压组(85只)和假手术组(25只),将静脉窦高压组85只大鼠闭塞左侧横窦和上矢状窦前1／3,并吻合右侧颈总动脉和颈外静脉,制成静脉窦高压模型。假手术组大鼠单纯解剖相应的颈部血管和硬脑膜窦,但不行吻合或闭塞。术后90d,随机取7只静脉窦高压组大鼠和5只假手术组大鼠,行硬脑膜血管明胶墨汁灌注,观察硬膜血管的状况。结果术后90d静脉窦高压组和假手术组大鼠的硬膜血管数分别为(10.7±1.5)条／mm,(10.3±0.6)条／mm,差异无显著性。在静脉窦高压组中1只大鼠有硬脑膜动静脉瘘,其形态和结构与生理性动静脉短路类似。结论大鼠静脉窦高压一段时间后,颅内硬膜血管无明显增生。颅内硬脑膜动静脉瘘的形成很可能是由动静脉间的短路发展而来。     

四种宫内节育器的月经日记卡分析

四种宫内节育器的月经日记卡分析康红，刘亚玲，程怡民，于荣月经异常是放置宫内节育器（ＩＵＤ）后最常见的副反应，由于个体描述差异，使得出的结论欠准确。１９７６年Ｅｘｔｅｒ会议上Ｓｎｏｒｏｄｏｎ首先报道了用新的出血类型统计方法（月经日记卡）分析，其概念确切...     

急性缺血性卒中的亚低温治疗研究进展

脑缺血神经细胞损伤的保护措施一直是临床和基础研究的重点。但迄今为止,仍然缺少令人满意的措施。缺血性脑血管病的发病机制复杂,亚低温作为一种脑保护疗法,可干预脑缺血的多个病理生理学环节,对脑缺血及再灌注损伤起到保护作用。目前国际医学界将低温划分为轻度低温(33~35℃)     

家族性与散发性严重急性呼吸综合症（SARS）患者的病死率与重症率的研究

目的研究家族性与散发性SARS患者的重症率及病死率的区别。方法把61例SARS患者分为家族性病例和散发性病例两组，家族性病例23例，散发性病例38例，分别对重症率及病死率进行比较。结果家族性患者的重症率47．8％，散发性患者的重症率22．5％（P〈0．05），家族性患者的病死率21．7％，散发性患者的病死率5．2％（P〉0．05），本组资料尚未发现病死率有统计学明显差异。可能与病例数较少有关。结论家族性SARS患者的重症率明显高于散发性SARS患者。     

ICU专科护士资格认证理论教学课程设置的探讨

理论教学是专科护士培养的重要组成部分,而课程设置对于全部教学活动具有原则性、方向性和指导意义[1],成为理论教学的重要环节,关系到专科护士在未来临床中的作用[2].课程设置应包括对哲理的形成、概念框架的制定、培养目标的确立、教学内容与教学方法的选择、教学进程的计划与安排以及评价过程的明确限定[3].现将北京市ICU专科护士资格认证理论教学中课程设置情况介绍如下.……