如何提高缺血性脑血管病超声检测技术的准确性

脑血管疾病(cerebral vascular disease,CVD)是造成人类死亡和致残的重要原因.根据CVD病变原因可分为出血性和缺血性两大类,文献报道70%～80%是缺血性脑血管病(ischemic cerebral vascular disease,ICVD);根据病变部位分为颅内和颅外段动脉病变.确定血管病变部位及血流动力学变化,是采用不同治疗方法的关键.……     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

大鼠静脉窦高压致硬膜血管变化的研究

目的探讨大鼠静脉窦高压后硬膜血管变化及其静脉窦高压在硬脑膜动静脉瘘形成中的作用。方法体重200～250g的SD雄性大鼠110只,随机分为静脉窦高压组(85只)和假手术组(25只),将静脉窦高压组85只大鼠闭塞左侧横窦和上矢状窦前1／3,并吻合右侧颈总动脉和颈外静脉,制成静脉窦高压模型。假手术组大鼠单纯解剖相应的颈部血管和硬脑膜窦,但不行吻合或闭塞。术后90d,随机取7只静脉窦高压组大鼠和5只假手术组大鼠,行硬脑膜血管明胶墨汁灌注,观察硬膜血管的状况。结果术后90d静脉窦高压组和假手术组大鼠的硬膜血管数分别为(10.7±1.5)条／mm,(10.3±0.6)条／mm,差异无显著性。在静脉窦高压组中1只大鼠有硬脑膜动静脉瘘,其形态和结构与生理性动静脉短路类似。结论大鼠静脉窦高压一段时间后,颅内硬膜血管无明显增生。颅内硬脑膜动静脉瘘的形成很可能是由动静脉间的短路发展而来。     

四种宫内节育器的月经日记卡分析

四种宫内节育器的月经日记卡分析康红，刘亚玲，程怡民，于荣月经异常是放置宫内节育器（ＩＵＤ）后最常见的副反应，由于个体描述差异，使得出的结论欠准确。１９７６年Ｅｘｔｅｒ会议上Ｓｎｏｒｏｄｏｎ首先报道了用新的出血类型统计方法（月经日记卡）分析，其概念确切...     

ICU专科护士资格认证理论教学课程设置的探讨

理论教学是专科护士培养的重要组成部分,而课程设置对于全部教学活动具有原则性、方向性和指导意义[1],成为理论教学的重要环节,关系到专科护士在未来临床中的作用[2].课程设置应包括对哲理的形成、概念框架的制定、培养目标的确立、教学内容与教学方法的选择、教学进程的计划与安排以及评价过程的明确限定[3].现将北京市ICU专科护士资格认证理论教学中课程设置情况介绍如下.……     

基于人文理念的护理质量例会实践与体会

建立以人文理念为核心的护理质量分析例会制度，每月召开门诊护士长、护士组长、护士代表例会，分析、讲评门诊护理服务中存在的问题，并提出改进方案，持续改进门诊护理服务质量。     

基于XML三层C/S模型在HIS系统建设中的应用

本文说明了目前比较流行的三层架构的网络体系、 XML(Extensible Markup Language,可扩展标志语言 )语言的优势和医院信息系统( Hospital Information System,简称 HIS系统)的特点,指出了 XML语言和 C/S(Client/Server,客户 /服务器 )模型在 HIS系统中应用能够使 HIS系统的功能得到很大的提高.     

血管性认知损害

随着老龄化社会的到来,老年期痴呆越来越成为严重的社会公共卫生问题。血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VaD)是继阿尔茨 海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)之后第二位常见的老年期痴呆。血管性认知损害(vascular cognitive impairment,VCI)指由于血管因素引起的不同程度的认知障碍。这一概念的提出,能早期识别由于血管因素引起的智能衰退,通过积极干预,减缓或避免脑功能严重损害,因而引起了广泛关注。     

医疗监护技术的现状和发展趋势

本文介绍了医疗监护技术的现状、存在问题和当前的新进展及发展趋势.