What Should We Focus on in Sepsis Fluid Resuscitation?--A Research Based on Scientometrics and Visual Analysis

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition and a global disease burden.Heterogeneous syndrome is defined as severe organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection,with renewed emphasis on the immune pathophysiology.Researchers worldwide constantly update the diagnostic criteria of sepsis and have introduced concepts such as“sepsis-3”“Surviving Sepsis Campaign(SSC)”“Early Goal-Directed Therapy(EGDT)”,the 3-h and 6-h bundles to an hour-1 bundle[1],“limited ventilation”“the best PEEP[2]”,and“Lung Protective-Ventilation”.Despite all efforts of experimental and clinical research during the last three decades,the ability to positively influence the course and outcome of the syndrome remains limited.     

Evaluation of Simplified Lymphatic Microsurgical Preventing Healing Approach (SLYMPHA) for the prevention of breast cancer-related lymphedema after axillary lymph node dissection using bioimpedance spectroscopy

BackgroundLymphedema is a serious complication of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) with an incidence rate of 20%. Simplified Lymphatic Microsurgical Preventing Healing Approach (SLYMPHA) is a safe and relatively simple method, which decreases incidence of lymphedema dramatically. Our initial study showed an 88% decrease in clinical lymphedema rate. In the initial study, we used arm circumference measurement for the diagnosis of lymphedema and median follow up was 15 months. The aim of this study was to confirm these results after a long-term follow up period and by using bioimpedance spectroscopy (L-Dex) technology in detecting lymphedema.Study designAll patients, undergoing ALND with or without SLYMPHA between January 2014 and November 2020 were included in the study. Patients with no postoperative L-Dex measurements were excluded. A L-Dex score outside the normal range (±10 L-Dex unit) or ≥10 L-Dex unit increase above patient's baseline was considered as lymphedema. The incidence of lymphedema was compared between patients with and without SLYMPHA.Results194 patients were included in the study. 57% of cohort underwent SLYMPHA. Mean follow-up time was 47 ± 37 months. Patients, who underwent SLYMPHA, had a significantly lower rate of lymphedema (16% vs 32%; p = 0.01; OR 0.4 [0.2–0.8]).ConclusionSLYMPHA is a safe and relatively simple method, which continued its efficacy after a long-term follow up period. It should be considered as an adjunct procedure to ALND for all patients during initial surgery.     

Evaluation of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy in postmenopausal women with persistent HPV infection with or without cervical and vaginal low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (CIN1/VaIN1)

ObjectiveTo analyze the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on postmenopausal women with persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with or without low-grade cervical and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN1 and VaIN1).Materials and methodsThe clinicopathological and follow-up data of 86 postmenopausal women with HPV infection (35 cases with chronic cervicitis and 51 cases with CIN1/VaIN1) were collected. All the women in this group met these criteria: menopausal time ≥ 1 year, HPV infection time ≥ 2 years, colposcopy and pathological diagnosis of biopsy ≤ CIN1/VaIN1 before PDT treatment, and 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA) as photosensitizer treating for 6 times with a week interval. The above patients were followed up 6 months and 12 months after PDT treatment, and the follow-up contents included HPV typing, cytology, colposcopy and pathological examinations. HPV negative conversion rate and lesion remission rate are the evaluation indicators of treatment efficacy. In addition, we also assessed the safety of PDT treatment.ResultsAt 12-month follow-up, the overall HPV clearance rate was 60% (45/75), of which the negative conversion rate of 16/18 HPV was 41.38% (12/29), and non-16/18 HPV was 71.74% (33/46) (p = 0.009). In patients without lesions, the HPV clearance rate was 51.72% (15/29), while in patients with CIN1/VaIN1 (n = 46), the HPV complete remission rate and lesion regression rate were 65.22% (30/46) and 89.13% (41/46), respectively. In addition, the clearance rate of HPV in lesion regression group was significantly higher than that in lesion persistence/progression group (0.00% vs. 73.17%, p = 0.003). The adverse reactions after PDT treatment were mild, mainly manifested as increased vaginal secretions or burning/tingling.ConclusionsPhotodynamic therapy can significantly enhance the elimination rate of persistent HPV infection in postmenopausal women and reduce the progression of CIN1/VaIN1. It could be an effective conservative treatment for persistent HPV infection and CIN1/VaIN1 in postmenopausal women.     

Effectiveness of a double-carbapenem combinations against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant organisms posed considerable threat to global health while only limited treatment options are available and led to efforts to discover a novel way to treat them. To evaluate in vitro synergistic activity of meropenem plus ertapenem, a total of 203 carbapenem-resistant strains, collected from 12 provinces and municipalities in China, were examined with a dual carbapenem combination therapy. The statistical software R was used for analysis. Two hundred and one (201) of carbapenem-resistant strains mainly produced four types of carbapenemase: KPC-2 (n = 142, 69.95%), OXA-232 (n = 7, 3.45%), NDM (n = 38, 18.72%; 36 NDM-1, 1 NDM-4, 1 NDM-5), and IMP (n = 15, 7.39%; 1 IMP-26, 10 IMP-30, 4 IMP-4). Fifty-one out of two hundred and three (51/203 or 25.12%) of the examined strains showed a synergistic effect for the meropenem plus ertapenem combination throughout the checkerboard method, while only three isolates showed potential clinically relevant synergy (3/203, 1.48%). An additive effect was observed in 55/203 (27.09%) of the examined strains. Ninety-seven of the examined isolates (47.78%) showed fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) greater or equal to 2 (indicating antagonism). The synergistic activity of meropenem plus ertapenem combination suggests this combination can be a possible way to treat the infection caused by the carbapenem-resistant organisms, especially for IMP or NDM producer with a lesser minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the infected individual who was not recommended to use colistin or tigecycline.     

微生物与结直肠癌的发病机制、早期诊断和治疗的研究进展

结直肠癌是威胁人类健康的重大疾病之一，随着近年来微生物组学技术的发展，很多研究报道了微生物与结直肠癌发生发展的关系，发现了具核梭杆菌、脆弱拟杆菌等微生物促进结直肠癌发生的分子机制以及短链脂肪酸等细菌代谢产物抑制结直肠癌发生发展的作用。利用结直肠癌患者与健康人群之间的差异微生物，可以建立基于微生物标志物的结直肠癌诊断模型，使结直肠癌的早发现、早诊断成为可能。在结直肠癌的治疗领域，微生物可能成为抑制结直肠癌发生发展的药物靶点，并且能够影响化疗药物的疗效与不良反应。本文以微生物与结直肠癌的关系为切入点，结合近年的相关文献及自身研究，对微生物与结直肠癌的发病机制、早期诊断和治疗的研究进展作一综述。     

参附注射液对猪创伤性心脏骤停复苏后肾损伤的保护作用研究

目的探讨参附注射液对猪创伤性心脏骤停复苏后肾损伤的保护作用。方法国产健康雄性白猪21头,采用随机数字表法分为假手术组(Sham组,n=5)、创伤性心脏骤停复苏(TCA组,n=9)和参附组(SFI组,n=7)。Sham组只经历气管插管及动静脉置管,不经历放血、复苏等过程。TCA组匀速释放总血容量的40%,然后经电刺激法室颤5 min,心肺复苏5 min后常规液体复苏治疗。SFI组在TCA组基础上于复苏后5 min进行参附注射液的干预。于放血前10 min、复苏后1、3、6、24 h检测血清TNF-α、IL-6、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)水平。复苏后24 h经右侧耳缘静脉注射10%氯化钾液20 mL处死猪,迅速获取肾组织标本,应用原位末端标记法(TNUEL法)检测细胞凋亡情况,免疫组织化学法检测半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)的蛋白表达水平。结果TCA组中有8头猪复苏成功,SFI组和Sham组中所有猪复苏成功。与Sham组比较,TCA组血清Cr水平在复苏后24 h、BUN水平在复苏后1、3、6、24 h均明显增高(均P<0.05),TNF-α、IL-6水平在复苏后3、6、24 h明显增高(均P<0.05),复苏后24 h后肾组织细胞凋亡指数及Caspase-3表达增加(均P<0.05)。与TCA组比较,SFI组BUN水平复苏后3、6 h明显降低(均P<0.05),TNF-α、IL-6水平在复苏后3、6、24 h明显降低(均P<0.05),肾组织细胞凋亡指数和Caspase-3蛋白表达有所降低,但差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论在猪TCA复苏模型中,早期应用参附注射液能够明显减轻复苏后肾损伤。其机制可能与抑制系统炎症反应、减轻细胞凋亡有关。     

延续性护理对提高老年慢性支气管炎患者生活质量的影响

目的:探讨延续性护理对提高老年慢性支气管炎患者生活质量及降低并发症的影响。方法:2017年5月至2018年2月收治的45例患者为对照组,应用常规护理方法;2018年3-12月收治的46例为干预组,在对照组的基础上采取出院后延续性护理。比较干预前、干预3个月后2组患者生活质量及并发症发生的情况。结果:SF-36生活质量量表中除日常活动功能(RP)维度外(62.61±9.79VS63.76±8.53,P>0.05),干预组患者在躯体功能(60.88±7.86)、社会活动功能(58.32±6.74)、身体疼痛(53.37±8.67)、活力(59.67±11.41)、总体健康(58.94±7.62)5个维度评分均高于对照组(66.18±8.81、63.27±7.19、56.47±7.34、65.38±9.47、62.71±10.08)P<0.05;干预组并发症发生率低于对照组(10.87%VS26.67%,P<0.05)。结论:延续性护理能提高老年慢性支气管炎患者的生活质量,降低并发症的发生率。     

Oridonin inhibits 4T1 tumor growth by suppressing Treg differentiation via TGF-β receptor

The Chinese herbal medicine oridonin has potent anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. In addition, oridonin treatment effectively suppresses breast cancer growth. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. Here, we reported that oridonin decreased Treg differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Oridonin inhibition of Treg differentiation was dependent on decreasing TGF-β receptor expression. Oridonin attenuated Tregs’ immunosuppressive ability; thus, oridonin did not inhibit CD8⁺ T cell proliferation very well in vitro. Oridonin greatly delayed the progression of 4T1 tumors in vivo. In addition, oridonin combined with anti-PD-1 activated a robust antitumor immune response and suppressed 4T1 tumor growth. Therefore, our results indicate that oridonin inhibits TNBC growth by modulating Treg differentiation, which provides new directions for the clinical treatment of TNBC.