气管切开患者雾化吸入器的改良及应用

气管切开患者由于失去了上呼吸道湿化作用，易发生气道阻塞、肺不张及继发性肺部感染等并发症。氧气雾化吸入对改善氧合作用，减少并发症的发生起着关键作用。但传统的雾化器很难使气雾吸入到气管或气管深处而达不到稀释痰液、平喘、抗感染的目的，同时患者卧位局限，侧卧时雾化药液易倒流。我科2007年1月对传统雾化器进行改良，并应用于30例气管切开患者，临床效果满意，介绍如下。     

CT引导下带钩钢丝术前定位在胸腔镜下孤立性肺小结节切除术中的应用

Objective Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) provides a minimally invasive approach to resect small solitary pulmonary nodules (SSPN). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative CT-guided hookwire localization for SSPN in VATS. Methods Hookwire was used to localize 26 SSPN under CT guidance in 24 patients (14 male, 10 female, age range 21-61 years, mean 52.3 years), preoperatively, and wedge resection was performed through VATS. The lesion size, distance from the lesion to parietal pleura, the time of localization and complications were evaluated. Results All the 26 pulmonary nodules were preoperatively detected and localized with hookwire under CT-guidance. The mean lesion size was 10.05 ± 3.08 nun in diameter, and the mean distance from lesion to parietal pleura was 10.09±2. 62 mm. The mean localization time was 20. 18±7.16 min, and then the nodules were removed by VATS within 18 ± 6. 65 min. The major complication of CT-guided hookwire localization was mild pneumothorax in 6 patients (25.0%), but no one needed chest tube drainage. The dislodgment of hookwire was found in only one patient (4.2%) during the operation, but the lesion was still successfully resected under VATS. Of those patients, 8 were confirmed to have a primary NSCLC by rapid pathologic diagnosis during VATS wedge resection, and then VATS lobectomies were performed. Condusion The preoperative CT-guided hookwire localization for small solitary pulmonary nodules is an effective and safe technique to assist VATS resection of the nodules.     

重症监护室患者康复评估工具的研究进展

正随着康复医学的发展和康复理念的更新,重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)患者的早期康复已逐渐成为研究热点。多项研究~([1-5])显示,早期康复能降低ICU获得性肌无力(ICU-acquired weakness,ICU-AW)的发生率,缩短ICU谵妄、机械通气和住院时间,减少医疗费用。康复状况的标准化测量、评估与记录是ICU患者早期康复的重要组成部分,包     

术前放化疗对微创食管切除术的影响

目的 探讨术前放化疗对微创食管切除术(MIE)手术质量及围术期的影响.方法 符合入组条件的初治胸段局部晚期食管鳞癌63例,随机分成对照组与试验组,对照组33例行单纯MIE治疗,试验组30例行术前放化疗联合MIE治疗,遵循意向性处理原则,对其手术质量及围术期状况进行对比评价.结果 对照组与试验组中转开胸率分别是6.1％与3.3％;R0切除率分别是97.0％与93.3％;两组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).试验组除胸部手术时间较对照组显著延长外(P=0.018),其余各项指标包括总手术时间、失血量、正常结构的暴露与保护、清扫淋巴结数目两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).试验组总体并发症发生率50.0％,较对照组(39.4％)略高,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 术前放化疗虽略增加了MIE的手术难度,但对原发灶及淋巴结的根治性切除影响不大,围术期并发症增加不明显,因此术前放化疗后MIE安全可行.     

老年心脏外科术后患者早期康复实践

目的 促进老年心脏外科术后患者康复。方法 将79例心脏及大血管疾病择期行心脏外科手术的老年患者分为对照组（42例）与干预组（37例）。对照组行常规康复护理,干预组制订和实施低强度床上早期康复方案。结果 干预组术后第7天Barthel指数、出院时Rivermead运动指数显著优于对照组（均P＜0.05）;两组均未发生康复相关不良事件;干预组康复依从性好者（35.14%）,较依从性一般患者（64.86%）体质量更轻、术前内生肌酐清除率更低、有医保率更低（均P＜0.05）。结论 低强度床上早期康复可提高心脏外科术后老年患者近期运动功能水平,应加强针对性教康教育,提高患者早期康复锻炼依从性。     

血管紧张素原基因T174M和血管紧张素转换酶基因I/D多态性与急性心肌梗死的相关性

目的探讨中国汉族人群血管紧张素转换酶和血管紧张素原基因型的分布及其与急性心肌梗死的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应技术,对112例急性心肌梗死患者、128例非冠心病患者血管紧张素转换酶I/D多态性及血管紧张素原T174M多态性进行检测。结果血管紧张素转换酶基因型分布及等位基因频率在病例组及对照组间差异有显著性(P<0.01)。病例组和对照组血管紧张素原基因型及等位基因频率总体分布差异亦有显著性(P<0.05)。联合基因分析显示,急性心肌梗死组血管紧张素转换酶DD基因型 血管紧张素原174MM基因型频率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),具有该联合基因型者发生冠心病的风险比数比(OR=8.467)明显高于单独具有血管紧张素转换酶DD基因型(OR=2.558)或血管紧张素原174MM基因型(OR=6.176)者。结论血管紧张素原T174M基因多态性中M等位基因和血管紧张素转换酶I/D基因多态性基因中的D等位基因是中国汉族人群冠心病发病的危险因素之一。同时具有血管紧张素转换酶DD型及血管紧张素原174MM型发生冠心病的相对风险显著高于单基因血管紧张素转换酶DD型及单基因血管紧张素原174MM型。     

电视内镜联合支撑喉镜下声带肿物切除术治疗声带肿物的临床分析

目的 分析对有声带肿物患者给予电视内镜联合支撑喉镜下声带肿物切除术治疗的临床疗效.方法 对2015年1月~2016年1月本院收治的90例声带肿物患者进行观察,根据不同手术方法将患者随机分为对照组、观察组.对照组中32例患者采用传统手术治疗,观察组中58例患者采用电视内镜联合支撑喉镜下声带肿物切除术,观察治疗效果.随访1年,观察两组复发情况.结果 观察组58例,治愈38例,好转18例,无效2例,总有效率为96.55%,并发症发生率为8.62%,1年内复发率为0%;各指标比率均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).且观察组手术时间(34.2±8.4)min、术中出血量(4.4±1.2)mL、住院时间(5.3±1.4)d,均低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 电视内镜联合支撑喉镜下声带肿物切除术的创伤性小,手术时间短,术后并发症少、复发率低,疗效安全可靠,值得临床进一步推广使用.     

观察及复查对颅内血肿治疗价值的探讨

各种原因所致颅内血肿随着病情变化往往并非固定不变,首诊的临床表现和CT扫描并不能反映其动态变化.……     

CT引导下带钩钢丝术前定位在胸腔镜下孤立性肺小结节切除术中的应用

Objective Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) provides a minimally invasive approach to resect small solitary pulmonary nodules (SSPN). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative CT-guided hookwire localization for SSPN in VATS. Methods Hookwire was used to localize 26 SSPN under CT guidance in 24 patients (14 male, 10 female, age range 21-61 years, mean 52.3 years), preoperatively, and wedge resection was performed through VATS. The lesion size, distance from the lesion to parietal pleura, the time of localization and complications were evaluated. Results All the 26 pulmonary nodules were preoperatively detected and localized with hookwire under CT-guidance. The mean lesion size was 10.05 ± 3.08 nun in diameter, and the mean distance from lesion to parietal pleura was 10.09±2. 62 mm. The mean localization time was 20. 18±7.16 min, and then the nodules were removed by VATS within 18 ± 6. 65 min. The major complication of CT-guided hookwire localization was mild pneumothorax in 6 patients (25.0%), but no one needed chest tube drainage. The dislodgment of hookwire was found in only one patient (4.2%) during the operation, but the lesion was still successfully resected under VATS. Of those patients, 8 were confirmed to have a primary NSCLC by rapid pathologic diagnosis during VATS wedge resection, and then VATS lobectomies were performed. Condusion The preoperative CT-guided hookwire localization for small solitary pulmonary nodules is an effective and safe technique to assist VATS resection of the nodules.