元宝草中2个新化合物

目的研究元宝草Hypericum sampsonii地上部分的化学成分。方法采用HP-20大孔吸附树脂柱色谱、硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、RP-HPLC分离手段进行分离纯化,利用波谱学的方法鉴定化合物结构。结果从元宝草地上部分60%乙醇提取物中分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为2,4,6-三甲氧基-3′,5′-二羟基二苯甲酮(1)、2,4,6-三甲氧基-3′-羟基二苯甲酮-5′-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(2)、2-羟基-4,6-二甲氧基二苯甲酮(3)、2,4,6,3′,5′-五甲氧基二苯甲酮(4)。结论化合物1和2为2个新的二苯甲酮类化合物,分别命名为元宝草素A和元宝草素B;化合物3和4为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

子宫内膜异位症合并子宫腺肌症不孕患者临床手术特点分析

目的:探讨子宫内膜异位症(EM)合并子宫腺肌症(AM)相关不孕患者的临床及手术特点。方法:回顾分析2017年1月至12月于北京协和医院妇产科行手术治疗的不孕患者的临床资料,其中39例同时合并EM和AM不孕患者(研究组),338例EM非AM不孕患者,39例AM非EM不孕患者,419例非AM非EM不孕患者(对照组)。比较研究组和对照组的临床特点及手术情况。结果:39例同时合并AM、EM的不孕患者,占同期内异症不孕手术者的10.34%,占同期腺肌症不孕手术者的50.0%。两组的年龄、孕产次、不孕类型、手术费用和住院费用方面无显著差异;研究组的中位住院时间、平均手术时间和术中出血量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组内异症IV期患者17例(43.59%),显著高于同期内异症不孕组(P0.01);深部浸润型内异症患者13例(33.3%),高于同期内异症不孕组,但差异尚无统计学意义。局灶型腺肌症与弥漫型腺肌症间内异症各分型无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:EM可协同AM共同影响女性的生育能力,与其他不孕手术相比,疾病程度重、手术难度大等,术前应充分评估。     

见/实习学生微型演讲模式应用于神经内科临床教学中的效果调查

目的评价实习医生病房微型演讲在神经内科临床教学中的教学效果。方法选取2009~2012学年北京协和医学院临床医学八年制实习生89名作为研究对象。采用调查问卷的方法对见习或实习期间微型演讲的施行情况进行了调查和研究。结果 69.23%的实习学生参与了微型演讲,22.37%的见习学生进行了微型演讲。43.82%的学生认为微型演讲是非常必要的,80.9%的学生认为微型演讲对于培养神经系统疾病的诊疗思维有帮助。结论实习医生病房微型演讲能激发学生的自主学习热情,提高了神经内科临床教学质量,值得进一步实践推广。     

合并门静脉高压症的原发性肝细胞癌发生上消化道出血的风险因素分析

目的 探讨合并门静脉高压症(portal hypertension,PH)的肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)发生上消化道出血的风险因素.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月1日至2009年8月1日收治的231例HCC-PH临床资料.二分类Logistic回归模型行上消化道出血的风险多因素分析.Kaplan-Meier法计算总体生存时间,作Log-rank检验.ROC曲线评估风险因素预测能力.结果 在231例HCC-PH治疗随访共有28例发生上消化道出血,发生后中位生存时间0.8个月(0.10～2.40个月).发生上消化道出血与无上消化道出血者1、2、3年生存率分别为3.57%(1/28)、0%(0/28)、0%(0/28)和21.18%(43/203)、14.29%(29/203)、4.43%(9/203)(P=0.022,0.031,0.605).多因素分析显示AFP界值(P=0.026)和AST≥2N(P=0.004)是HCC-PH发生上消化道出血的风险因素.ROC曲线显示PI≥7.242时,预测HCC-PH发生上消化道的出血灵敏度为81.0%,特异度81.0%,曲线下面积(Area Under the ROC Curve,AUC)为0.828(95%CI,0.698～0.957).不同风险等级病例之间上消化道出血的发生率差异明显(4/151比24/80,P=0.000).结论 上消化道出血是HCC-PH的终末期事件之一,预后不良.AFP界值和AST≥2N是HCC-PH发生上消化道出血的风险因素.风险因素等级划分有助于针对性的筛查和治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the risk factors for upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage (UGH) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal hypertension (PH). Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 231 patients with HCC-PH treated in our Department from 1st January 2005 to 1st August 2009. The clinicopathologic factors were evaluated for their possible association with UGH in univariate analysis followed by multivariate analysis using Logistic regression model. The overall survival (OS) was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis with calculation of the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were carried out to assess the predictive ability of the independent risk factors. Results Among 247 patients diagnosed with HCC-PH, 231 patients met the inclusion criteria and were entered into this study. UGH occurred in 28 patients (12.12 %, 28/231). Patients suffering from UGH had a higher 30-and 60-d mortality when compared with the non UGH group (53.57% vs. 4.43%, 96.43%vs. 10.34%, P＜0. 001, 0. 001). The 1-,2-and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates in the non-UGH and the UGH groups were 3. 57% (1/28), 0% (0/28), 0% (0/28) and 21.18% (43/203), 14.29% (29/203), 4.43% (9/203), respectively. There was a trend towards a non-significantly statistical difference in long-term (≥3 yr) survival (P=0. 605). UGH had a dismal prognosis with a median OS of 0. 8 months (0. 10-2. 40 months). Multivariate analysis of the risk factors showed elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (P = 0. 026) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) more than twice normal (2N)(P=0. 004) were predictive factors, in particular, AST≥2N. A cutoff value (PI≥7. 242) predicted UGH with an AUC of 0.828 (95%CI, 0.698-0.957), sensitivity of 81.0% and a specificity of 81.0%, as calculated from the ROC. Risk score stratification predicted UGH to show a statistically significant difference (P＜0. 001). Conclusions UGH, as one of the end-stage incidents of HCC-PH,had a dismal prognosis. Patients with elevated AFP levels and AST levels above 2N were associated with high risks for UGH and should be monitored carefully or offered prophylactic treatments. Risk score stratification was useful for prediction of UGH.     

螺旋CT和彩色多普勒血流显像检查对胰腺癌可切除性的评估价值

Objective To determine the value of helical computed tomography (HCT) and color doppler flowing imaging (CDPI) in evaluating the resectability of pancreatic cancer. Methods The clinical data of 114 patients with pancreatic cancer who had been admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January 1995 to December 2002 were retrospectively analyzed. The values of HCT and CDPI in assessing the resectability of pancreatic cancer were determined according to the results of operation and pathological examina-tion. All the data were analyzed by chi-square test and Fisher exact probability. Results Of all patients, 109 were examined by HCT, 97 by CDPI and 96 by HCT+CDPI. For patients examined by HCT, the resection rates of pancreatic head cancer, pancreatic body and tail cancer and total pancreatic cancer were 45.3% (39/86), 26.3% (5/19) and 0 (0/9), respectively. The resection rate of pancreatic head cancer was higher than that of pancreatic body and tail cancer (χ2=8.965, P<0.05). With the increase of tumor size, the invasion rate and metastasis rate were increased and the resection rate was decreased (z=6.15, 5.35, 7.18, P<0.01). The sensitivity rate and specificity rate were 77.8% and 82.2% of HCT, 73.3% and 80.6% of CDPI, 90.6% and 92.4% of HCT+CDPI in assessing the resectability of pancreatic cancer. The values of Kappa identity test of HCT, CDPI and HCT+CDPI were 0.58, 0.52 and 0.82, respectively. Conclusions Combined application of HCT and CDPI can further improve the accuracy in assessing the resectability of pancreatic cancer.     

两种细胞制作的人肝癌裸鼠模型转移性状的比较

目的 比较两种人肝癌细胞株(HCCLM3和SMMC-7721细胞)构建的人肝癌裸鼠模型的转移潜能.方法 实验分为两组:应用HCCLM3细胞构建的人肝癌裸鼠模型组为A组,SMMC-7721细胞构建的模型组为B组.比较A组和B组的原发灶的肿瘤大小和病理检查结果.比较各组的肝内转移率、转移数目,累及的肝叶数以及转移肿瘤体积的大小.所有数据由SPSS16.0软件分析,计量资料采用t检验,率的比较采用Fisher确切概率法,计数资料采用秩和检验.结果 A组的肝内转移率为100%(8/8)、肝内原发肿瘤体积为(6954±1945)mm~3,B组的肝内转移率为62.5%(5/8)、肝内原发肿瘤体积为(6034±2035)mm~3,两组肝内转移率和原发灶肿瘤体积大小比较,差异无统计学意义.肝内转移的数目、累及肝叶数、转移肿瘤的体积大小A组分别为4.5个(中位数)、3个和975 mm~3(中位数),B组分别为1个(中位数)、1个和274 mm~3(中位数),两组比较,Z值分别为-2.818、-2.289和-1.975,P值均<0.05,差异均有统计学意义.两组在肺转移率(P=0.001)和累及其他脏器个数(P=0.041)的比较,差异均具有统计学意义.结论 HCCLM3细胞制作的人肝癌裸鼠转移模型具有高转移潜能,可应用于人肝癌的生物性状的研究.     

不同类型卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿临床特点及疗效分析

目的 探讨不同类型的卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿(子宫内膜异位囊肿)的临床病理特点、手术治疗效果以及术后随诊等方面的差异.方法 将2003年3月至2008年3月就诊于北京协和医院进行腹腔镜手术的600例子宫内膜异位囊肿患者分为四组:单纯子宫内膜异位囊肿组(单纯组)、合并深部浸润型内异症组(DIE组)、合并子宫腺肌病组(AM组);同时合并子宫腺肌病、深部浸润型内异症组(复合组).比较各组间症状、手术效果以及术后随诊等情况.结果 (1)AM组35岁以上的患者比例为64.2%,明显高于单纯组(35.0%)及DIE纽(26.8%).(2)与单纯组(51.7%)比较,DIE组(69.0%)、AM组(79.2%)及复合组(83.3%)中度以上痛经率较高,病程较长(P=0.000).(3)DIE组、AM组及复合组手术时间均较单纯组长,出血量较多.(4)有AM者合并不孕率大于无AM者(30.2%vs 16.9%,OR=2.187,95%CI 1.181～4.051,P=0.011);前者术后妊娠率低(0vs 39.0%,OR=0.116,P=0.02,95%CI 0.014～0.947).(5)有AM使用GnRH-a者较无AM使用GnRH-a者疼痛缓解程度低[17.9%(10/56)vs 8.8%(23/261),OR=2.250,95%CI 1.004～5.040,P=0.044].(6)多因素logistic回归分析:与合并AM或DIE相关的因素包括年龄、痛经程度以及手术时间.结论 子宫内膜异位囊肿合并子宫腺肌病和(或)深部浸润型内膜异位症临床症状更重、手术难度更大,术后疼痛缓解率和妊娠率较低.     

85例下肢顺行静脉溶栓治疗分析

下肢静脉顺行性造影是诊断下肢静脉疾病的一种重要方法，由于造影剂顺血流方向充盈，故能观察到静脉的全貌，适用于不同类型的静脉疾病诊断，同时也是检验治疗效果的黄金标准。临床上，我们将此方法用于早期下肢深静脉血栓形成(deep vein thrombosis，DVT)的溶栓治疗，研究顺行静脉溶栓(ascending intravenous thrombolysis)临床疗效，现报道如下。     

TriVex微创旋切术治疗下肢静脉曲张358例

目的 探讨TriVex微创旋切术治疗静脉曲张的效果,分析并发症原因,总结治疗经验。方法应用TriVex微创旋切术治疗358例患者共520条肢体,分析临床资料。结果平均每条肢体手术时间35分钟,微创切口平均4．8个,平均住院6天。7条肢体术后出现小腿蜂窝组织炎,47条肢体发生皮下血肿,1条肢体于术后出现下肢深静脉血栓,2条小腿于术后1年见浅静脉曲张复发。结论TriVex微创旋切术治疗静脉曲张具有创伤小、恢复快、安全有效兼有美观的特点,适应证广泛,效果良好。掌握重要环节的处理,将会进一步降低并发症的发生,取得更好的疗效。     

自体外周血干细胞移植联合介入治疗下肢动脉缺血性疾病的效果评价

目的:探讨运用自体外周血干细胞移植与介入联合治疗下肢动脉缺血性疾病,并对其疗效进行临床观察.方法:本研究共入组38例下肢动脉缺血性疾病患者,依自愿原则分组,仅采用介入治疗的19例患者为单独介入组,采用自体外周血进行干细胞移植与介入联合治疗的19例患者为联合治疗组.常规治疗方案两组相同,对两组患者的疼痛感、冷感、间歇跛行、踝肱指数(ankle brachial index,ABI)、侧支血管生成数量等方面的指标进行比较,从而判断两组患者的疗效差异.结果: 在疼痛感、冷感、间歇跛行3方面两组患者均明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0. 05),ABI评分与侧支血管生成数评分方面,两组均升高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0. 05).与单独介入组比较,联合治疗组在疼痛感、冷感、间歇跛行方面、ABI评分与侧支血管生成数评分改善更为明显(P＜0. 05).联合治疗组的有效率是89. 5% ,单独介入组的有效率是78. 9% ,联合治疗组效果显著优于单独介入组(P＜0. 05).结论: 自体外周血干细胞移植与介入结合是治疗下肢动脉缺血性疾病安全而有效的方法.