B超引导经皮内镜碎石术治疗上尿路结石

目的探讨输尿管短镜和胆道硬镜两套内镜系统在经皮肾镜手术中的应用价值。方法2002年1月￣2005年3月期间,运用输尿管短镜或胆道硬镜代替传统的肾镜对183例上尿路结石患者施行B超引导经皮内镜碎石术,观察两套内镜系统在治疗上尿路结石中的疗效及安全性。结果应用输尿管短镜施行经皮肾镜碎石术,临床治愈率为89.3%,平均手术173.5min,手术相关严重出血发生率6.8%,腔内灌流为高压低流量型;应用胆道硬镜施行经皮肾镜碎石术,临床治愈率为87.5%,平均手术104min,手术相关严重出血发生率16.3%,腔内灌流为低压高流量型。结论对于肾脏实质较厚、肾积水较轻的患者,扩张至16F后用输尿管短镜进行碎石取石,手术安全性较高;对于肾实质较薄、肾脏集合系统积水较重的患者,扩张到24F,在胆道硬镜观察下将结石整枚取出或击成数枚较大碎石后取出,可提高取石效率。     

保留肾实质手术治疗肾癌22例疗效观察

目的：观察保留肾实质手术治疗肾癌的疗效。方法：回顾性分析22例采用保留肾实质手术治疗的肾癌病例的临床资料。结果：10例肿瘤直径0．5～3．0cm，行保留肾实质肾肿瘤剜除术，12例肿瘤直径3．5～6．0cm，行肾部分切除术。22例随访6个月～13年，平均62．5个月，1年生存率100％(22／22)，3年生存率100％(18／18)，5年生存率92％(12／13)，无1例局部肿瘤复发。结论：保留肾实质手术治疗肾癌疗效满意，对局限性小肾癌、对侧肾功能正常的病例可采用该术式。     

原发性精囊癌1例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨原发性精囊癌的诊治方法.方法 分析收治的原发性精囊癌1例,结合文献进行复习.结果 经CT、MRI及经直肠超声(transrectal ultrasound,TRUS)引导下穿刺活检确诊为精囊腺癌,行左侧精囊肿物切除、右侧精囊切除、膀胱与前列腺部分切除及左输尿管膀胱再吻合术,术后恢复良好.现已随访23个月,未见复发转移.结论 原发性精囊癌临床罕见,术前诊断较为困难,TRUS引导下穿刺活检可明确诊断,应根据患者个体情况选择不同的根治性切除术.术后定期随访,注意是否复发转移.     

经皮肾镜术中灌流液吸收及对血液循环和血生化的影响

目的探讨经皮肾镜碎石术术中灌流液吸收及其对血循环和血生化的影响。方法ASAⅠ、Ⅱ级经皮肾镜碎石术患者31例,采用0.9%NaCl为灌流液。麻醉前、灌流前及术中每30分钟为记录时间点,监测血压(MBP)、心率(HR)、中心静脉压(CVP);胸电生物阻抗法连续监测心输出量(CO)、每搏输出量(SV)、胸腔液体含量(TFC)、外周阻力(SVR);术前、术后动脉血气分析测血酸碱度(pH)、Na+、K+、Cl-、阴离子间隙(BE)。结果灌流时间平均(172.41±60.84)min,灌流液用量12000～61000mL。HR、CO、SV、SVR变化灌流前后差异无显著性;MBP、CVP、TFC逐渐增高,与灌流前比差异有显著性,TFC与手术时间、灌流液量呈线性正相关。血Na+、K+、Cl-的浓度术前术后差异无显著性,术后44%患者出现代谢性酸中毒。1例肾实质损伤大的病人TFC、CVP急剧增加,静脉使用速尿后好转。31例患者均未出现严重并发症。结论经皮肾镜碎石术中存在灌流液吸收。灌流液吸收对器官代偿功能正常的病人不易引起血循环的显著变化,使用生理盐水作为灌流液也不会引起血生化的改变。     

欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表在非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌中的临床应用初探

目的 评价欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk tables,EORTC风险评分表)用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者预后评估的可行性.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月至2009年2月收治的185例非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者临床资料,其中Ta128例、T1 57例;G1 87例、G253例、G345例;肿瘤数目为单发、2～7个、≥8个者分别120、36、29例;肿瘤直径＜3 cm者131例、≥3 cm者54例;伴发原位癌者6例.185例均行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,术后均行常规膀胱灌注化疗.采用电话随访方式,随访6～77个月,平均36个月.应用EORTC风险评分表进行预后风险评分,计算各评分组患者的1年复发率和进展率,并与EORTC评分表的预计值进行比较.结果 185例中1年内复发48例(25.9%),1年内出现肿瘤进展者7例(3.8%).根据患者实际情况计算,0、1～4、5～9、10～17分4组患者1年实际复发率分别为10.4%(5/48)、21.5%(14/65)、35.2%(19/54)、55.6%(10/18);0、2～6、7～13、14～23分患者1年实际进展率分别为0(0/43)、1.5%(1/67)、6.7%(4/60)、13.3%(2/15).经x2检验,结果与评分表的预计值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而低危、中危、高危3组患者1年复发率及进展率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 EORTC风险评分表可用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌术后复发和进展风险的短期预测,对长期预测的应用及广泛人群的适用性尚待进一步验证.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Chinese patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data from 185 patients with non-muscle invaaive urothelial bladder cancer from January 2003 to February 2009. Among the 185 patients, 128 patients were stage Ta compared with 57 patients who were stage T1. There were 87, 53 and 45 patients with grade G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed on all the patients and all the patients received routine post-operative intravesical instillation. A telephone interview follow-up was conducted on all the patients, and the average follow-up period was 36 months. EORTC risk tables were used to calculate risk scores for recurrence and progression for each patient. The recurrence and progression rates of different risk groups were recorded and compared with the estimated rates by EORTC risk table. Statistical analysis was used for comparison. ResultsTotal 1-year recurrence rate and progression rate for these patients were 25.9% and 3.8% respectively. According to calculated values of the patients, the 1-year recurrence rates of Group 0, Group 1-4, Group 5-9, Group 10-17 were 10.4%(5/48), 21. 5%(14/65), 35. 2% (19/54), 55.6%(10/18), respectively. The 1-year progression rates of Group 0, Group 2-6, Group 7-13, Group 14-23 were 0% (0/43), 1.5% (1/67), 6. 7% (4/60), 13. 3% (2/15). There was no significant difference between the real rates and estimated rates of the EORTC risk tables (P＞0. 05). However,the 1-year recurrence and progression rates between the low risk group, the medium risk group and the high risk group showed significant differences respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The EORTC risk tables are feasible to evaluate the recurrence and progression risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in the present cohort. Nevertheless, the long term value and feasibility need more research to confirm.     

欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表在非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌中的临床应用初探

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Chinese patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data from 185 patients with non-muscle invaaive urothelial bladder cancer from January 2003 to February 2009. Among the 185 patients, 128 patients were stage Ta compared with 57 patients who were stage T1. There were 87, 53 and 45 patients with grade G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed on all the patients and all the patients received routine post-operative intravesical instillation. A telephone interview follow-up was conducted on all the patients, and the average follow-up period was 36 months. EORTC risk tables were used to calculate risk scores for recurrence and progression for each patient. The recurrence and progression rates of different risk groups were recorded and compared with the estimated rates by EORTC risk table. Statistical analysis was used for comparison. ResultsTotal 1-year recurrence rate and progression rate for these patients were 25.9% and 3.8% respectively. According to calculated values of the patients, the 1-year recurrence rates of Group 0, Group 1-4, Group 5-9, Group 10-17 were 10.4%(5/48), 21. 5%(14/65), 35. 2% (19/54), 55.6%(10/18), respectively. The 1-year progression rates of Group 0, Group 2-6, Group 7-13, Group 14-23 were 0% (0/43), 1.5% (1/67), 6. 7% (4/60), 13. 3% (2/15). There was no significant difference between the real rates and estimated rates of the EORTC risk tables (P＞0. 05). However,the 1-year recurrence and progression rates between the low risk group, the medium risk group and the high risk group showed significant differences respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The EORTC risk tables are feasible to evaluate the recurrence and progression risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in the present cohort. Nevertheless, the long term value and feasibility need more research to confirm.     

经直肠超声检查对前列腺中线囊肿的诊断价值

目的:探讨经直肠超声在诊断前列腺中线囊肿中的价值。方法:回顾性分析87例前列腺中线囊肿的经直肠超声的表现。结果:经直肠超声法诊断前列腺中线囊肿87例患者,其中,苗勒管囊肿33例,射精管囊肿21例,不能明确性质者33例。伴有精囊腺扩张者19例,精囊缺如或发育不全者19例,精囊炎9例,射精管扩张5例。结论:经直肠超声简便、准确、安全、无创,是诊断前列腺中线囊肿的理想方法。     

经直肠超声检查对前列腺中线囊肿的诊断价值

目的：探讨经直肠超声在诊断前列腺中线囊肿中的价值。方法：回顾性分析87例前列腺中线囊肿的经直肠超声的表现。结果：经直肠超声法诊断前列腺中线囊肿87例患者，其中，苗勒管囊肿33例，射精管囊肿21例，不能明确性质者33例。伴有精囊腺扩张者19例，精囊缺如或发育不全者19例，精囊炎9例，射精管扩张5例。结论：经直肠超声简便、准确、安全、无创，是诊断前列腺中线囊肿的理想方法。     

原发性输尿管癌的诊断与治疗（附40例报告）

目的 提高输尿管癌诊断和治疗水平。方法 回顾分析40例原发性输尿管癌病例，对诊治中的问题进行讨论。结果 肉眼血尿、腰痛是其主要临床表现。逆行输尿管插管造影、CT、IVP、B超检查的阳性率分别是86．7％、50％、12．5％、12．5％。40例患者中行患肾 全段输尿管?膀肮部分切除术31例，输尿管下段切除术 膀胱吻合术3例，输尿管肿瘤切除 输尿管端端吻合术2例，单纯输尿管肿瘤切除术2例。残余段输尿管 膀胱部分切除术2例。结论 B超发现肾积水可作为初步筛选检查，逆行输尿管插管造影、CT是术前诊断输尿管癌的重要手段。患肾 全段输尿管 膀胱部分切除术仍是治疗输尿管癌的主要方法。     

B超引导下MPCNL治疗复杂性肾结石39例报告

目的 探讨B超引导下MPCNL治疗复杂性肾结石的疗效。方法 在B超实时引导下经皮穿刺目标肾盏，并建立经皮肾取石通道，利用气压弹道碎石机将结石击碎取出。结果 全部病例均顺利建立经皮肾取石通道，1例因出血行Ⅱ期取石，其余均行Ⅰ期取石。单通道取石32例，双通道取石6例，术后复查X线片，Ⅰ期结石取净率84．2％。结论 B超引导下MPCNL治疗复杂性肾结石不失为一种安全有效的方法。