B超引导经皮内镜碎石术治疗上尿路结石

目的探讨输尿管短镜和胆道硬镜两套内镜系统在经皮肾镜手术中的应用价值。方法2002年1月￣2005年3月期间,运用输尿管短镜或胆道硬镜代替传统的肾镜对183例上尿路结石患者施行B超引导经皮内镜碎石术,观察两套内镜系统在治疗上尿路结石中的疗效及安全性。结果应用输尿管短镜施行经皮肾镜碎石术,临床治愈率为89.3%,平均手术173.5min,手术相关严重出血发生率6.8%,腔内灌流为高压低流量型;应用胆道硬镜施行经皮肾镜碎石术,临床治愈率为87.5%,平均手术104min,手术相关严重出血发生率16.3%,腔内灌流为低压高流量型。结论对于肾脏实质较厚、肾积水较轻的患者,扩张至16F后用输尿管短镜进行碎石取石,手术安全性较高;对于肾实质较薄、肾脏集合系统积水较重的患者,扩张到24F,在胆道硬镜观察下将结石整枚取出或击成数枚较大碎石后取出,可提高取石效率。     

保留肾实质手术治疗肾癌22例疗效观察

目的：观察保留肾实质手术治疗肾癌的疗效。方法：回顾性分析22例采用保留肾实质手术治疗的肾癌病例的临床资料。结果：10例肿瘤直径0．5～3．0cm，行保留肾实质肾肿瘤剜除术，12例肿瘤直径3．5～6．0cm，行肾部分切除术。22例随访6个月～13年，平均62．5个月，1年生存率100％(22／22)，3年生存率100％(18／18)，5年生存率92％(12／13)，无1例局部肿瘤复发。结论：保留肾实质手术治疗肾癌疗效满意，对局限性小肾癌、对侧肾功能正常的病例可采用该术式。     

原发性精囊癌1例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨原发性精囊癌的诊治方法.方法 分析收治的原发性精囊癌1例,结合文献进行复习.结果 经CT、MRI及经直肠超声(transrectal ultrasound,TRUS)引导下穿刺活检确诊为精囊腺癌,行左侧精囊肿物切除、右侧精囊切除、膀胱与前列腺部分切除及左输尿管膀胱再吻合术,术后恢复良好.现已随访23个月,未见复发转移.结论 原发性精囊癌临床罕见,术前诊断较为困难,TRUS引导下穿刺活检可明确诊断,应根据患者个体情况选择不同的根治性切除术.术后定期随访,注意是否复发转移.     

肾癌组织中Tim-3基因的甲基化分析

目的分析肾癌组织中Tim-3基因启动子的甲基化情况,探讨Tim-3甲基化在肾癌发生中的可能作用。方法采用甲基化特异性PCR（MSP）检测20例肾癌组织和3例癌旁组织中Tim-3基因启动子甲基化状态,分析检测结果。结果肾癌组织中有11例（55%）检测到了Tim-3基因甲基化表达,相应癌旁组织中没有检测到Tim-3基因甲基化表达。结论肾癌组织中Tim-3基因启动子发生甲基化,Tim-3基因甲基化可能与肾癌的发生发展有关。     

睾丸间质细胞瘤的诊治—附3例报告

睾丸间质细胞瘤又称Leydig细胞瘤,是睾丸性索/性腺间质肿瘤中的一种单一组织类型的肿瘤,来源于正常发育和演化的成分间质细胞。本病较少见,且该瘤的病因及自然病程尚不十分清楚,对其治疗时手术方式的选择尚存争议。     

蛋白激酶Cε在前列腺癌组织中表达的临床意义

目的 探讨蛋白激酶C ε(PKCε)在不同病理类型前列腺组织中的表达及与前列腺癌病理分级、分期的关系。 方法 正常前列腺(NP)组织标本10例、前列腺增生(BPH)组织标本10例、癌旁(PC)组织标本10例、前列腺癌(PCa)组织标本43例。免疫组化法检测各组织中PKCε的表达情况,分析PKCε表达与不同病理类型及PCa分级、分期的关系。 结果 PCa组PKCε表达阳性27例,BPH组无阳性表达,NP组1例,PC组2例,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。PCa组Gleason评分≥8分组中PKCε表达阳性12/13例,2～4分组4/10例,5～7分组11/20例,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。T3期PKCε表达阳性10/12例,T4期9/10例,T1、T2期分别为1/6例和7/15例,高分期与低分期组PKCε表达差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。PCa转移组PKCε表达阳性9/10例,未转移组18/33例,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。PCa患者血清PSA≤20 ng/ml者PKCε表达阳性7/15例,＞20 ng/ml组20/18例,组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。 结论 PCa组织中PKCε的表达率较高,并且与PCa病理分级、分期呈正相关,临床上可考虑作为PCa预后因子之一。     

欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表在非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌中的临床应用初探

目的 评价欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk tables,EORTC风险评分表)用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者预后评估的可行性.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月至2009年2月收治的185例非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者临床资料,其中Ta128例、T1 57例;G1 87例、G253例、G345例;肿瘤数目为单发、2～7个、≥8个者分别120、36、29例;肿瘤直径＜3 cm者131例、≥3 cm者54例;伴发原位癌者6例.185例均行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,术后均行常规膀胱灌注化疗.采用电话随访方式,随访6～77个月,平均36个月.应用EORTC风险评分表进行预后风险评分,计算各评分组患者的1年复发率和进展率,并与EORTC评分表的预计值进行比较.结果 185例中1年内复发48例(25.9%),1年内出现肿瘤进展者7例(3.8%).根据患者实际情况计算,0、1～4、5～9、10～17分4组患者1年实际复发率分别为10.4%(5/48)、21.5%(14/65)、35.2%(19/54)、55.6%(10/18);0、2～6、7～13、14～23分患者1年实际进展率分别为0(0/43)、1.5%(1/67)、6.7%(4/60)、13.3%(2/15).经x2检验,结果与评分表的预计值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而低危、中危、高危3组患者1年复发率及进展率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 EORTC风险评分表可用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌术后复发和进展风险的短期预测,对长期预测的应用及广泛人群的适用性尚待进一步验证.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Chinese patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data from 185 patients with non-muscle invaaive urothelial bladder cancer from January 2003 to February 2009. Among the 185 patients, 128 patients were stage Ta compared with 57 patients who were stage T1. There were 87, 53 and 45 patients with grade G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed on all the patients and all the patients received routine post-operative intravesical instillation. A telephone interview follow-up was conducted on all the patients, and the average follow-up period was 36 months. EORTC risk tables were used to calculate risk scores for recurrence and progression for each patient. The recurrence and progression rates of different risk groups were recorded and compared with the estimated rates by EORTC risk table. Statistical analysis was used for comparison. ResultsTotal 1-year recurrence rate and progression rate for these patients were 25.9% and 3.8% respectively. According to calculated values of the patients, the 1-year recurrence rates of Group 0, Group 1-4, Group 5-9, Group 10-17 were 10.4%(5/48), 21. 5%(14/65), 35. 2% (19/54), 55.6%(10/18), respectively. The 1-year progression rates of Group 0, Group 2-6, Group 7-13, Group 14-23 were 0% (0/43), 1.5% (1/67), 6. 7% (4/60), 13. 3% (2/15). There was no significant difference between the real rates and estimated rates of the EORTC risk tables (P＞0. 05). However,the 1-year recurrence and progression rates between the low risk group, the medium risk group and the high risk group showed significant differences respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The EORTC risk tables are feasible to evaluate the recurrence and progression risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in the present cohort. Nevertheless, the long term value and feasibility need more research to confirm.     

欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表在非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌中的临床应用初探

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Chinese patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data from 185 patients with non-muscle invaaive urothelial bladder cancer from January 2003 to February 2009. Among the 185 patients, 128 patients were stage Ta compared with 57 patients who were stage T1. There were 87, 53 and 45 patients with grade G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed on all the patients and all the patients received routine post-operative intravesical instillation. A telephone interview follow-up was conducted on all the patients, and the average follow-up period was 36 months. EORTC risk tables were used to calculate risk scores for recurrence and progression for each patient. The recurrence and progression rates of different risk groups were recorded and compared with the estimated rates by EORTC risk table. Statistical analysis was used for comparison. ResultsTotal 1-year recurrence rate and progression rate for these patients were 25.9% and 3.8% respectively. According to calculated values of the patients, the 1-year recurrence rates of Group 0, Group 1-4, Group 5-9, Group 10-17 were 10.4%(5/48), 21. 5%(14/65), 35. 2% (19/54), 55.6%(10/18), respectively. The 1-year progression rates of Group 0, Group 2-6, Group 7-13, Group 14-23 were 0% (0/43), 1.5% (1/67), 6. 7% (4/60), 13. 3% (2/15). There was no significant difference between the real rates and estimated rates of the EORTC risk tables (P＞0. 05). However,the 1-year recurrence and progression rates between the low risk group, the medium risk group and the high risk group showed significant differences respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The EORTC risk tables are feasible to evaluate the recurrence and progression risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in the present cohort. Nevertheless, the long term value and feasibility need more research to confirm.     

睾丸间质细胞瘤的诊治—附3例报告

睾丸间质细胞瘤又称Leydig细胞瘤,是睾丸性索/性腺间质肿瘤中的一种单一组织类型的肿瘤,来源于正常发育和演化的成分间质细胞。本病较少见,且该瘤的病因及自然病程尚不十分清楚,对其治疗时手术方式的选择尚存争议。我院2007年7月至2011年4月间共收     

腹腔镜及开放根治性肾输尿管膀胱切除术治疗上尿路肿瘤合并膀胱癌8例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜和开放根治性肾输尿管膀胱切除术治疗上尿路肿瘤合并膀胱癌患者的可行性和安全性。方法收集我院2004年6月至2009年3月期间收治的8例单侧上尿路肿瘤并浸润性膀胱癌行根治性肾输尿管膀胱切除术及尿流改道手术患者的临床资料并进行随访分析。结果本组8例。男7例,女1例,平均年龄56岁。术前经膀胱镜、输尿管镜、B超和CT等检查证实为单侧上尿路肿瘤并浸润性膀胱癌,其中4例左肾盂癌和2例右肾盂癌合并膀胱癌,2例为左输尿管癌合并膀胱癌。2例行腹腔镜肾输尿管膀胱切除术及回肠膀胱术,平均手术时间470min,术中平均出血量275ml,均无输血,术后肠功能恢复时间为2d,下床活动时间为4d。6例患者行开放肾输尿管膀胱全切除术,其中4例行回肠膀胱术,另2例行输尿管造口术,平均手术时间366min,平均出血量767ml,平均输血量485ml,术后肠功能恢复时间为3.3d,下床活动时间平均为6.7d。8例患者术后均未出现并发症。术后病理结果 7例为尿路上皮癌,上尿路肿瘤分期分级为T2～4N0～1M0G2,膀胱癌为T2～3N0M0G3,另1例为左肾盂鳞癌T4N1M0合并膀胱鳞癌T3N0M0。术后平均随访24.6个月,鳞癌患者术后18个月因肿瘤广泛转移死亡,余7例患者无瘤生存至今。结论单侧上尿路肿瘤合并膀胱癌可行Ⅰ期根治性肾输尿管膀胱切除术,腹腔镜下行该手术是可行及安全的,较开放手术创伤小,出血少,恢复快。