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1.
This systematic review aims to summarize cognitive reserve (CR) evaluation approaches and to examine the role of seven selected modifiable lifestyle factors (diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, cognitive leisure activity, sleep, and meditation) in mitigating the impacts of age- or disease-related brain changes on cognition. Eighteen population-based English empirical studies were included. We summarize the study designs and identify three CR models that were broadly used in these studies, including a residual model assessing lifestyle factors in relation to unexplained variance in cognition after accounting for brain markers, a moderation model testing whether lifestyle factors moderate the relationship between brain status and cognition, and a controlling model examining the associations between lifestyle factors and cognition when controlling for brain measures. We also present the findings for the impact of each lifestyle factor. No studies examined diet, sleep, or meditation, and only two studies focused on smoking and alcohol consumption each. Overall, the studies suggest lifestyle activity factors (physical and cognitive leisure activities) may contribute to CR and attenuate the damaging impact of brain changes on cognition. Standardized measurements of lifestyle factors and CR are needed, and mechanisms underlying CR need to be further addressed as well.  相似文献   
2.
IntroductionOur paper evaluates the relationship between radiologically abnormal cardiophrenic lymph nodes (CPLN) in advanced ovarian cancer and pattern of disease distribution, tumour burden, surgical complexity, rates of cytoreduction and same-site recurrence. Impact of suspicious CPLN and CPLN dissection on overall survival also determined.Materials and methodsRetrospective review of index CT imaging for 151 consecutive patients treated for stage III/IV ovarian malignancy in a large UK cancer centre to identify radiologically abnormal CPLN. Corresponding surgical, histo-pathological and survival data analysed.Results42.6% of patients had radiologically ‘positive’ CPLN on index CT. Radiological identification of CPLN involvement demonstrated a sensitivity of 82% within our centre. Patients with cardiophrenic lymphadenopathy on pre-operative CT had significantly more co-existing ascites (p = 0.003), omental (p = 0.01) and diaphragmatic disease (p < 0.0001). At primary debulking (PDS), suspicious CPLN were associated with significantly higher surgical complexity scores, without feasibility of complete cytoreduction being impacted. Cardiophrenic involvement at initial diagnosis was associated with same-site relapse at recurrence (p = 0.001). No significant difference in overall survival was demonstrated according to CPLN status following either PDS or delayed debulking (DDS). CPLN dissection did not improve patient outcomes.ConclusionRadiological identification of abnormal CPLN is reliable. Suspicious CPLN appear to represent a surrogate marker of tumour volume – in particular, heralding upper abdominal disease – and should prompt anticipation of high complexity surgery and referral to an appropriate centre. Patients with prior CPLN involvement are more likely to develop same-site recurrence at relapse. Our survival data suggests cardiophrenic LN disease does not worsen patient prognosis and that the therapeutic benefit of CPLN dissection remains unclear.  相似文献   
3.
BackgroundThe role of change in fractional flow reserve derived from CT (FFRCT) across coronary stenoses (ΔFFRCT) in guiding downstream testing in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown.ObjectivesTo investigate the incremental value of ΔFFRCT in predicting early revascularization and improving efficiency of catheter laboratory utilization.MaterialsPatients with CAD on coronary CT angiography (CCTA) were enrolled in an international multicenter registry. Stenosis severity was assessed as per CAD-Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS), and lesion-specific FFRCT was measured 2 ?cm distal to stenosis. ΔFFRCT was manually measured as the difference of FFRCT across visible stenosis.ResultsOf 4730 patients (66 ?± ?10 years; 34% female), 42.7% underwent ICA and 24.7% underwent early revascularization. ΔFFRCT remained an independent predictor for early revascularization (odds ratio per 0.05 increase [95% confidence interval], 1.31 [1.26–1.35]; p ?< ?0.001) after adjusting for risk factors, stenosis features, and lesion-specific FFRCT. Among the 3 models (model 1: risk factors ?+ ?stenosis type and location ?+ ?CAD-RADS; model 2: model 1 ?+ ?FFRCT; model 3: model 2 ?+ ?ΔFFRCT), model 3 improved discrimination compared to model 2 (area under the curve, 0.87 [0.86–0.88] vs 0.85 [0.84–0.86]; p ?< ?0.001), with the greatest incremental value for FFRCT 0.71–0.80. ΔFFRCT of 0.13 was the optimal cut-off as determined by the Youden index. In patients with CAD-RADS ≥3 and lesion-specific FFRCT ≤0.8, a diagnostic strategy incorporating ΔFFRCT >0.13, would potentially reduce ICA by 32.2% (1638–1110, p ?< ?0.001) and improve the revascularization to ICA ratio from 65.2% to 73.1%.ConclusionsΔFFRCT improves the discrimination of patients who underwent early revascularization compared to a standard diagnostic strategy of CCTA with FFRCT, particularly for those with FFRCT 0.71–0.80. ΔFFRCT has the potential to aid decision-making for ICA referral and improve efficiency of catheter laboratory utilization.  相似文献   
4.
目的 探讨基于深度学习的CT血流储备分数(FFRCT)在可疑冠心病病人中应用的可行性,分析缺血性病变(FFRCT≤0.80)的预测因素及对治疗决策的影响。方法 回顾性纳入因疑似冠心病行冠状动脉CT血管成像(CCTA)的病人292例,其中男187例,女105例,平均年龄(65.8±10.3)岁。利用CCTA影像将狭窄程度分为轻度 (≥25%且<50%)、中度(≥50%且<70%)和重度(≥70%且<99%)。采用基于深度学习的FFRCT软件对病人的CCTA数据进行测量。根据FFRCT数值范围将病人分为阳性组(FFRCT≤0.80,102例)和阴性组(FFRCT>0.80,190例)。2组病人的一般资料、CCTA上的血管特征及血运重建,以及基于FFRCT与CCTA制定的治疗策略的比较采用Mann-Whitney U 检验、t检验及卡方检验。采用Logistic回归分析FFRCT≤0.80的独立预测因素。结果 阳性组病人的年龄更大,男性更多,高血压、糖尿病和吸烟的比例均高于阴性组(均P<0.05)。阳性组较阴性组病人更多的表现为中重度狭窄(分别为80.4%和28.4%),更多的病人行血运重建术(分别为56.8%和11.1%),均P<0.05。74例病人(25.3%)基于FFRCT的结果治疗决策发生改变。多因素Logsitic回归分析显示,高血压(OR=2.245)、糖尿病(OR=2.238)及中重度狭窄(OR=8.837)是FFRCT≤0.80的独立预测因素(均P<0.05)。结论 基于深度学习的FFRCT技术在可疑冠心病病人中的应用是可行的,高血压、糖尿病及中重度狭窄是FFRCT≤0.80的独立预测因素,FFRCT可能影响病人的治疗决策。  相似文献   
5.
6.
目的探讨PCOS患者血清中血小板反应蛋白-1(TSP-1)表达水平与卵巢间质血供之间的关系,以及TSP-1对体外培养的人卵巢微血管内皮细胞(HOMEC)增殖能力的影响。方法选取2018年10月至2019年10月在我院生殖中心就诊的女性,50例诊断为PCOS的患者纳入PCOS组,50例因男方因素不孕的健康女性纳入对照组。ELISA法用于测定所有入组患者血清中的TSP-1水平。在患者处于卵泡早期时,经阴道超声测量双卵巢间质血供,计算血流动力学参数搏动指数(PI)和阻力指数(RI)。体外培养HOMEC,在不同浓度TSP-1(10-9 mmol/L、10-10 mmol/L和10-11 mmol/L)处理细胞12 h、24 h、48 h后,用CCK-8检测细胞增殖情况。结果PCOS组血清LH、T水平及LH/FSH均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,PCOS组血清TSP-1水平显著降低(P<0.05),卵巢间质血流动力学参数RI、PI值均显著降低(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析发现血清TSP-1水平与卵巢间质血流RI、PI均呈显著正相关(分别为r=0.83,P<0.05;r=0.85,P<0.05)。CCK-8实验显示,与对照组比较,不同浓度(10-11 mmol/L、10-10 mmol/L、10-9 mmol/L)TSP-1作用12 h、24 h、48 h后,对HOMEC增殖的抑制率均显著升高(P<0.05)。在TSP-1各浓度组,TSP-1作用24 h、48 h对HOMEC的抑制率均较作用12 h显著升高(P<0.05),且24 h时达到峰值。结论PCOS患者血清中TSP-1表达降低,卵巢间质血流动力学参数RI、PI值显著降低,卵巢间质血流量丰富,且TSP-1与RI、PI值呈正相关。TSP-1抑制HOMEC增殖,可能参与负调控血管生成。  相似文献   
7.
ObjectiveWe aimed at developing a pilot version of an app (Rosa) that can perform digital conversations with breast or ovarian cancer patients about genetic BRCA testing, using chatbot technology, to identify best practices for future patient-focused chatbots.MethodsWe chose a commercial chatbot platform and participatory methodology with a team of patient representatives, IT engineers, genetic counselors and clinical geneticists, within a nationwide collaboration. An iterative approach ensured extensive user and formal usability testing during the development process.ResultsThe development phase lasted for two years until the pilot version was completed in December 2019. The iteration steps disclosed major challenges in the artificial intelligence (AI)-based matching of user provided questions with predefined information in the database, leading initially to high level of fallback answers. We therefore developed strategies to reduce potential language ambiguities (e.g. BRCA1 vs BRCA2) and overcome dialogue confusion. The first prototype contained a database with 500 predefined questions and 67 corresponding predefined answers, while the final version included 2257 predefined questions and 144 predefined answers. Despite the limited AI functionality of the chatbot, the testing revealed that the users liked the layout and found the chatbot trustworthy and reader friendly.ConclusionsBuilding a health chatbot is challenging, expensive and time consuming with today’s technology. The users had a positive attitude to the chatbot, and would use it in a real life setting, if given to them by health care personnel.Practice implicationsWe here present a framework for future health chatbot initiatives. The participatory methodology in combination with an iterative approach ensured that the patient perspective was incorporated at every level of the development process. We strongly recommend this approach in patient-centered health innovations.  相似文献   
8.
卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌和宫颈癌是妇科常见的三大恶性肿瘤,尽管随着手术、放化疗等综合治疗的不断发展,妇科常见恶性肿瘤患者的预后得到了大幅提升,但由于早期没有明显症状且缺乏准确诊断或发现时已是晚期,仍有相当比例的患者预后不佳,生命受到严重威胁。因此,寻找新的治疗靶点和监测疗效的有效标志物至关重要。代谢组学(metabonomics)是肿瘤研究领域颇受关注的研究方法,其理论基础是肿瘤存在有别于正常组织的代谢特征,肿瘤独特的代谢特征与生物表型存在紧密的关联。代谢组学通过对生物系统中内源性代谢物进行全面分析,阐明肿瘤在发生和进展过程中某些关键生化途径的重塑机制,并对其进行解析与精准干预。综述代谢组学在妇科常见肿瘤治疗和预后评估中的应用,预期其可为妇科常见肿瘤的个性化、精准化治疗提供潜在靶点,为妇科常见肿瘤筛选预后生物标志物提供重要参考。  相似文献   
9.
腹膜癌是指在腹膜上发生和(或)发展的一类恶性肿瘤,包括原发性腹膜癌和继发性腹膜癌。既往认为腹膜癌是一种终末期疾病,无特殊治疗,患者生存期短,预后差。随着对腹膜癌认识的转变,肿瘤学界将其视为一种可治性区域癌转移,开创了以肿瘤细胞减灭术加腹腔热灌注化疗为核心的综合治疗技术体系,并以此建立了专业化腹膜癌诊疗中心,显著延长了患者生存,部分患者甚至能达到临床治愈。然而在中国,目前规范化腹膜癌诊疗中心少,但腹膜癌患者数量庞大,大部分患者得不到规范化治疗,导致生存和预后并不理想。本文旨在根据我国国家癌症中心发布的癌症新发病例统计数据,结合腹膜癌的临床预后资料,按照临床流行病学的研究方法,估算我国所需腹膜癌诊疗中心数,为推广我国腹膜癌规范化诊疗技术体系提供数据支撑,促进腹膜肿瘤学科发展。  相似文献   
10.
卵巢功能抑制(ovarian function suppression,OFS)已经应用于乳腺癌治疗数十年,早期辅助治疗研究证实,单独进行OFS能够降低50岁以下乳腺癌患者的复发风险,改善生存情况。鉴于新的循证医学数据不断累积,中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会遂召集国内乳腺癌专家,在《中国早期乳腺癌卵巢功能抑制临床应用专家共识(2018年版)》的基础上共同商讨制订了《中国早期乳腺癌卵巢功能抑制临床应用专家共识(2021年版) 》。2021年版共识建议,将药物去势[促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist,GnRHa)]作为绝经前激素受体阳性的早期乳腺癌OFS的首选。中高危绝经前激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者推荐接受OFS的内分泌治疗;低危患者推荐选择性雌激素受体调节剂(selective estrogen receptor modulators,SERM)单药治疗;使用芳香化酶抑制剂(aromatase inhibitor,AI)代替SERM治疗的绝经前患者,需要同时接受OFS治疗。关于OFS联合方案,对绝经前激素受体阳性早期乳腺癌的中危和高危患者,或亚群处理效果模式图(subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot,STEPP)分析的较高风险患者推荐OFS联合AI治疗,OFS联合SERM治疗也是合理的选择。对存在SERM禁忌证的任何风险级别患者,推荐OFS联合AI治疗。关于OFS的使用时机,建议根据激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者化疗前的卵巢功能状态,决定辅助内分泌治疗方案。如果考虑卵巢保护,推荐GnRHa同步化疗,不影响患者的生存获益;如果不考虑卵巢保护,推荐GnRHa可以在化疗结束后直接序贯使用。已接受化疗的患者不推荐确认卵巢功能状态后再使用GnRHa。GnRHa辅助内分泌治疗的标准疗程应为5年。完成5年联合OFS的内分泌治疗后,如未绝经且耐受性良好,推荐继续5年联合OFS的内分泌治疗或5年SERM治疗。低危选择OFS替代化疗的患者,可考虑OFS联合内分泌治疗时长为2年。推荐与患者充分沟通可能出现的不良事件,选用合适的药物去势治疗方案。合理的安全管理能够有效地缓解不良反应,增加患者治疗的依从性。对于接受药物去势的患者,不常规推荐在药物去势治疗过程中监测雌激素水平并根据检测报告来决定是否继续药物去势。但在药物去势后,怀疑不完全的卵巢功能抑制时[包括改变用法如注射人员缺乏相关经验、更换剂型或出现某些可能提示卵巢功能恢复的生理变化如月经恢复和(或)更年期症状的周期性波动时],可以进行雌激素水平检测。绝经前乳腺癌患者,无论激素受体阳性或阴性,推荐在(新)辅助化疗前和化疗过程中使用OFS药物保护卵巢功能,降低卵巢功能早衰的发生风险,减少生育能力损害。推荐化疗前2周开始使用GnRHa,每28 d 1次,直至化疗结束后2周给予最后一剂药物。此外共识还建议,激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者抗肿瘤药物的临床试验,应尽可能纳入绝经前女性,在雌激素充分抑制的前提下,探索抗肿瘤药物对肿瘤生物学特性和患者长期生活质量的影响。  相似文献   
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