Effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation using SWEEPS and PIPS technique on dye penetration depth after root canal preparation

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the penetration depth of two different dyes after root canal preparation using PIPS and SWEEPS methods.Materials and methodsA total of 60 single-rooted human teeth which were extracted for periodontal reasons were collected and stored in the sterile saline until using in the study. The crowns of the teeth were cut such that the remaining piece was 12 mm long. The root canals were prepared. Teeth were divided randomly into two initial groups (n = 30): indocyanine green solution (ICG) and methylene blue solution. Then, these teeth were divided into final subgroups (n = 10): Er:YAG laser irradiation with PIPS(photon-induced photoacoustic streaming) technique, Er:YAG laser irradiation with SWEEPS(shock-wave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming) technique, and no irradiation. The penetration depth measurements were done by the stereo microscope in three zones of each specimen.ResultsThe difference between ICG in the control group and PIPS and SWEEPS in the coronal area was not significant. In the middle section the difference between PIPS and the control group was marginally insignificant (P = 0.053). In the methylene blue group, PIPS had significantly higher penetration depth in the apical area compared to the control group (P = 0.004). In the middle section, both PIPS and SWEEPS showed significantly higher penetration than the control group.ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, the laser has the potential to increase the penetration of methylene blue. Root canal preparation with the PIPS technique can increase the dye penetration. However, the SWEEPS technique and the conventional method have a similar outcome in terms of dye penetration.     

Debris Removal from the Mesial Root Canal System of Mandibular Molars with Laser-activated Irrigation

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to compare in vitro the canal and isthmus debridement of manual-dynamic, passive ultrasonic, and laser-activated irrigation with an Er:YAG laser in mesial roots of human mandibular molars.

Is the good-imitator-poor-talker profile syndrome-specific in Down syndrome?: evidence from standardised imitation and language measures

The emergence of the Down syndrome (DS) behavioural phenotype during early development may be of great importance for early intervention. The main goal of this study was to investigate the good-imitator-poor-talker developmental profile in DS at preschool age. Twenty children with Down syndrome (DS; mean nonverbal mental age NMA 1 y10 m) and 15 children with non-specific mental retardation (NS-MR; mean NMA 1 y11 m) participated in this study. The Preschool Imitation and Praxis Scale (PIPS) and the Dutch version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (N-CDI) were used to determine absolute and relative (contrasted to a nonverbal mental age reference) imitation and language abilities. Results revealed that there was clear evidence for a good-imitator-poor-talker profile in preschoolers with DS. However, only the advanced bodily imitation ability seems to be syndrome-specific. Clinical implications of these findings are considered.     

Real‐time intracanal temperature measurement comparing mechanically and laser‐activated irrigation to syringe irrigation

Antibacterial activity and tissue dilution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) are improved by moderately heating the irrigant. Temperature can be risen by preheating or intracanal activation. To assess intracanal temperature development of NaOCl during irrigation activation and syringe activation (SI) in a closed system at 37°C, Type‐K thermocouples were inserted close to the root canal of one human single‐rooted maxillary canine at the apex and 5 and 10 mm from the apical foramen via drilled holes. The root was positioned in a plastic vial filled with alginate simulating surrounding biological structures. Experiments were performed in a closed environment at 37°C (n = 14): EA: EndoActivator (Dentsply Sirona), EDDY: EDDY (VDW), PUI: passive ultrasonic irrigation, PIPS: Photon‐induced photoacoustic streaming (Fotona), S60: SI of 60°C‐NaOCl, S45: SI of 45°C‐NaOCl, and S20: SI of 20°C‐NaOCl. S45, PUI and EDDY lead to minor intracanal temperature increases. EA and PIPS did not influence the intracanal temperature. SI with 60°C‐NaOCl resulted in higher intracanal temperatures than activation systems. Temperature dissipation into simulated tissues buffered intracanal temperature changes.     

Improvements of low-level radioxenon detection sensitivity by a state-of-the art coincidence setup

The ability to quantify isotopic ratios of 135, 133 m, 133 and 131 m radioxenon is essential for the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). In order to improve detection limits, CEA has developed a new on-site setup using photon/electron coincidence (Le Petit et al., 2013. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., DOI : 10.1007/s 10697-013-2525-8.). Alternatively, the electron detection cell equipped with large silicon chips (PIPS) can be used with HPGe detector for laboratory analysis purpose. This setup allows the measurement of β/γ coincidences for the detection of ¹³³Xe and ¹³⁵Xe; and K-shell Conversion Electrons (K-CE)/X-ray coincidences for the detection of ^131mXe, ^133mXe and ¹³³Xe as well. Good energy resolution of 11 keV at 130 keV and low energy threshold of 29 keV for the electron detection were obtained. This provides direct discrimination between K-CE from ¹³³Xe, ^133mXe and ^131mXe. Estimation of Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA) for ^131mXe is in the order of 1 mBq over a 4 day measurement. An analysis of an environmental radioxenon sample using this method is shown.     

PIPS联合纳米银对根管粪肠球菌抗菌效果研究

目的 探究激光引发光声流系统(PIPS)和纳米银(AgNPs)联合使用对根管内粪肠球菌生物膜的抗菌效果。方法 收集36颗单根管离体牙,建立粪肠球菌感染根管实验模型,将样本随机分成6组,采用0.9%NaCl、2%NaClO、0.1%AgNPs溶液分别联合传统手动冲洗(CNI)或PIPS对根管进行冲洗,使用菌落计数法测定治疗前后根管内粪肠球菌生物膜菌落数,并计算菌落计数减少的百分比。结果 所有实验组粪肠球菌生物膜的抑制效果均强于对照组(P<0.05),使用PIPS辅助0.9%NaCl、2%NaClO、0.1%AgNPs冲洗组的降幅均分别大于CNI辅助0.9%NaCl、2%NaClO、0.1%AgNPs冲洗组(P<0.05)。PIPS辅助0.1%AgNPs冲洗组的降幅明显大于PIPS辅助2%NaClO冲洗组(P<0.05)。结论 PIPS辅助AgNPs溶液冲洗可以显著提高根管内粪肠球菌生物膜的清除效果。     

The efficacy of laser,ultrasound and self‐adjustable file in removing smear layer debris from oval root canals following retreatment: A scanning electron microscopy study

This study aims to compare the efficacy of different irrigation activation methods to remove smear layer and debris from oval‐shaped root canals following retreatment. Ninety mandibular canines with oval‐shaped root canals were selected. Retreatment was performed with R‐Endo retreatment files. The samples were randomly divided into six groups (n = 15). Groups were assigned according to agitation technique: R‐Endo with classic irrigation, with self‐adjustable file, with passive ultrasonic irrigation, R‐Endo + Er:YAG, R‐Endo + PIPS and R‐Endo + Nd:YAG. Compared with the classic irrigation (R‐Endo + CI) group, all other groups were more successful in reducing smear layer and debris (P < 0.05). The least amount of residual smear layer and debris was detected in the Er:YAG laser group (P < 0.05). Additional use of different agitation methods contributes to removal of debris and smear layer following root canal filling removal with rotary instruments; however, none of the techniques tested render root canal walls completely free of smear layer or debris.     

How much change is true change? The smallest detectable difference of the Preschool Imitation and Praxis Scale (PIPS) in preschoolers with intellectual disabilities of heterogeneous aetiology

The teaching of imitation skills is often the first step in interventions for young learners with intellectual disabilities. The main goal of this study was to determine the smallest detectable difference (SDD) at 95% confidence of the Preschool Imitation and Praxis Scale (PIPS) in preschoolers with intellectual disabilities. Two raters independently scored videotapes of the imitation performance of 44 preschoolers (27 with Down syndrome, 10 with Non-Specific Mental Retardation and 7 with Low-functioning Autism) between 13 and 58 months of age (mean age 39.6 months, SD 11.9 months). Results revealed that the PIPS demonstrated acceptable interrater reliability on item level (weighted kappa values ranged from 0.52 to 0.96) and scale level (ICC = 0.986; 95% CI: 0.975-0.993). The SDD of the PIPS was 7.2%, indicating that the change score rated by different raters for an individual child with an intellectual disability is valid and that the PIPS can be used by early interventionists and researchers as an outcome measure to determine children's maturation or improvement.