土壤环境基因组技术及其在新药发现中的应用

土壤是微生物最重要的生境，土壤微生物具有极大的多样性。然而传统培养技术只能得到约1％的微生物纯培养，其余都是未被纯培养微生物。利用土壤环境基因组技术，可以把未被纯培养微生物的基因克隆到载体中并在宿主中进行表达，获得比已培养微生物丰富的代谢产物多样性，这为我们发现新颖结构先导化合物以及新药开辟了新的道路。本文介绍应用环境基因组技术构建土壤DNA文库的思路和方法。     

低分子量聚合物电解质的合成与性能

研究了低分子量梳状聚合物电解质的合成方法及结构，性能。首先合成了不同分子量的甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇单甲醚酯，并进一步合成了分子量一万左右的梳状聚合物电解质，结果表明：反应严格按照反应方程进行，精制产物是非晶的梳状聚合物，本聚合物体系均存在两个玻璃化转变温度，一个在100℃左右，归属为梳状聚合物主链的玻璃化转变，另一个在－20摄氏度以下，归属于侧链玻璃化转变，在室温下侧链可以运动，有利于电活性物质的迁移和扩散，并用超微电极研究了该电解质的行为。     

Effect of Glass Transition Temperature on the Stability of Lyophilized Formulations Containing a Chimeric Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of knowing the glass transition temperature, T_g, of a lyophilized amorphous solid composed primarily of a sugar and a protein in the interpretation of accelerated stability data. Methods. Glass transition temperatures were measured using DSC and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. Aggregation of protein in the solid state was monitored using size-exclusion chromatography. Results. Sucrose formulation (T_g ~ 59°C) when stored at 60°C was found to undergo significant aggregation, while the trehalose formulation (T_g ~ 80°C) was stable at 60°C. The instability observed with sucrose formulation at 60°C can be attributed to its T_g (~59°C) being close to the testing temperature. Increase in the protein/sugar ratio was found to increase the T_gs of the formulations containing sucrose or trehalose, but to different degrees. Conclusions. Since the formulations exist in glassy state during their shelf-life, accelerated stability data generated in the glassy state (40°C) is perhaps a better predictor of the relative stability of formulations than the data generated at a higher temperature (60°C) where one formulation is in the glassy state while the other is near or above its T_g.     

生物活性材料义眼台

由于病变和外伤等原因，使一些人眼球摘除，留下外现缺陷。医学上使用义眼台植入眼眶，在上面按装义眼以矫治外形。从前使用的义眼台用玻璃球或硅橡胶制作，使用中均有种类不同的缺点，即无生物活性、密度大等。医学界希望有新型医用材料临床应用。采用液态化学方法合成羟基磷灰石，使羟基磷灰石和微晶玻璃混匀，制成生物活性材料。生物材料和粘结剂、造孔剂，辅助剂一同制成生坯，以适当的温度焙烧成多孔结构义眼台。对材料进行了动物实验与临床应用。动物实验表明，材料具有优异的生物相容性和一定的生物活性。临床应用效果良好。本材料是制备义眼台的新材料。本文就材料研究、动物实验、义眼台的生产工艺进行了探讨。     

利用稻瘟霉模型筛选铁刀木生物活性成分

目的利用稻瘟霉生物活性筛选模型,筛选铁刀木中具有生物活性的化学成分。方法通过观察样品引起稻瘟霉分生孢子或菌丝形态生长异常或生长抑制的情况,确定铁刀木中具有生物活性的部位以及化学成分。结果确定了铁刀木树干乙醇粗提物的生物活性部位为二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯部位,其使稻瘟霉孢子菌丝体最小变形浓度(MMDC)分别为125、63μg·ml-1;筛选得到2个具有生物活性的化合物(CS2、CS7),其MMDC分别为63、31μg·ml-1。结论本模型首次用于铁刀木活性成分的追踪分离,应用本方法筛选天然药物活性成分,方便、快捷、成本低,显示了广阔的应用前景。     

Evaluation of Class I ART restorations in Brazilian schoolchildren: three-year results

Atraumetic Restorative Treatment (ART) has been adopted around the world to avoid unnecessary extractions, especially in non-industrialized countries The development of specific glass ionomer cements marketed for the ART technique has contributed to the technical success rate. In this study. Ketac-Molar^a (3M ESPE. Dental Medzn Germany) was used to restore 150 Class I cavities in 118 Brazilian public school children, aged from 7–12 years. At baseline and at subsequent recalls. CPI probes with a ball-end of 0.5 millimeters (mm) were used to assess loss of restorative material, and photographic color transparencies of restorations were made. After six months. 83 patients returned for follow-up examinations, with 71.8% of their restorations designated as acceptable. After three years. 49 patients with 57 ART-restorations were evaluated, with 21.0% of these restorations graded as acceptable Another 29.8% of their restorations had been replaced by more permanent materials. The main objective of the ART technique is tooth retention; this was achieved for 94.7% of the restored teeth in a high caries risk population who returned for recalls.     

生物活性陶瓷与细胞外基质骨形成对Ca、P、ALP影响

目的：通过钙(Ca)、磷(P)及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)评价，探讨生物活性陶瓷及细胞外基质与骨细胞相互作用机理，为骨替代材料成骨效应提供依据。方法：选用多种材料进行蒸馏水及血浆接触，体外成骨细胞培养及体内骨诱导试验。采用原子吸收，钼蓝比色及速率法分析化学性能，血浆、细胞冻溶液及组织匀浆中Ca、P、ALP的变化规律。结果：材料组体内、外接触Ca、P、ALP值高于对照组。细胞外基质复合材料组高于相应的非复合材料组。TGF-β1加材料高于BMP复合材料组，而不同材料有所不同，TCP材料高于其它材料。结论：生物活性陶瓷材料均有不同程度的Ca、P离子释放，细胞外基质及Ca、P离子可提高成骨细胞活性，异位骨形成及ALP活性。     

构建玻片蛋白质芯片的实验研究

目的:探讨玻片蛋白质芯片的构建方法及其中间操作条件的选择与优化。方法:利用生物芯片点样仪将超微量蛋白质点到经特殊处理的玻璃片表面,然后选用不同的化学试剂对玻片背景进行封闭;再用荧光素标记的蛋白质与点样蛋白杂交;最后用生物芯片分析仪扫描成像并进行分析,比较不同条件下芯片的显示效果。结果:蛋白质样品与片基稳定结合,并保持原活性状态;封闭试剂选用酪蛋白或明胶效果较佳;点样探针与其特异蛋白质抗体可稳定结合,结合效果与点样蛋白浓度在一定范围内呈正相关;在1.6 cm×1.6 cm的玻璃片面积上,构建了36×36=1269点的蛋白质芯片。结论:本实验条件下,蛋白质抗原或抗体可以稳定地固定于经过处理的玻璃片表面.制成免疫型蛋白芯片,并可通过随后的抗原抗体反应与荧光素标记的相应抗体或抗原结合,用生物芯片分析仪可对其荧光信号进行检测分析。