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1.
【摘要】 目的:应用CT血管造影多平面重建(CT angiography multiplanar reconstruction,CTA MPR)测量枢椎椎弓根峡部复合体(pediculoisthmic component,PIC)最狭窄部位尺寸,评估枢椎椎弓根螺钉置钉的安全性(CTA MPR测量法),并与CT标准水平轴位测量评估方法(CT AXIS测量法)、椎动脉高跨变异(high-riding vertebral artery,HRVA)评估方法(HRVA定义法)对比,评价两种临床常用术前评估方法的假阳性率和假阴性率。方法:选取已行普通CT平扫及头颈部CTA检查的152例患者作为研究对象,使用CT AXIS测量法测量患者枢椎双侧椎弓根髓腔宽度(a1)及外径宽度(a2);使用CT骨窗正中矢状位测量患者枢椎双侧椎管内壁外侧3mm处的峡部高度(b)及侧块内高(c),并定义是否存在HRVA;使用CTA MPR测量法测量枢椎PIC最狭窄部的髓腔宽度(d1)、外径宽度(d2)、髓腔高度(e1)及外径高度(e2)。比较CT AXIS测量法测量参数与CTA MPR测量法测量参数的差异,计算三种方法判定不适合安全置入枢椎椎弓根螺钉的比例,并以CTA MPR测量法作为判定金标准,评价CT AXIS测量法和HRVA定义法的假阳性率和假阴性率。结果:使用CTA MPR测量法与CT AXIS测量法分别测量152例患者的304个枢椎椎弓根峡部尺寸,两种方法测量的髓腔宽度(3.82±1.58mm vs 2.55±1.16mm)和外径宽度(6.54±1.91mm vs 5.48±1.49mm)均有统计学差异(P<0.001);CTA MPR测量PIC的高度显著大于其宽度(髓腔:6.55±1.34mm vs 3.82±1.58mm;外径:10.20±1.22mm vs 6.54±1.91mm)(P<0.001)。以CTA MPR测量法作为判定金标准,CT AXIS测量法的假阴性率为6.91%,假阳性率为20.69%;HRVA定义法的假阴性率为11.64%,假阳性率为3.45%。CTA MPR测量法与CT AXIS测量法、HRVA定义法评估置钉可行性之间存在显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:CTA MPR测量法可模拟枢椎椎弓根钉道,获取钉道最狭窄部重建截面并准确测量宽度,是术前评估枢椎椎弓根螺钉安全置钉可行性的准确方法。CT AXIS测量法与HRVA定义法均存在一定的假阳性率和假阴性率,可能导致误判或漏判置钉可行性,从而增加椎动脉损伤的风险或选择生物力学性能不足的置钉术式。  相似文献   
2.
气管支气管异物是儿童耳鼻咽喉头颈外科常见病,具有起病急,病情进展快的特点,严重时可危及生命。本文结合湖南省儿童医院35年气管支气管异物的救治经验,对该病的发展概况、诊断、手术、术后处理、并发症处理及健康教育等方面进行阐述,希望对儿童气管支气管异物的防治工作具有借鉴和参考作用。  相似文献   
3.
目的 探讨全麻下硬性支气管镜下儿童气管支气管异物取出术发生低氧血症的相关因素。方法 回顾性研究432例全麻下气管支气管异物患儿的临床资料,分析患儿术中发生低血氧血症的程度与其年龄、异物停留位置、异物停留时间及术前肺部并发症的相关性。结果 患儿术中发生轻度、中度低氧血症与其年龄、异物停留位置、异物停留时间及术前肺部并发症之间不存在相关性(P>0.05),而患儿术中发生重度低氧血症与其年龄、异物停留位置、异物停留时间及术前肺部并发症之间存在相关性(P<0.05)。结论 患儿年龄、异物停留位置、异物停留时间及术前肺部并发症和术中重度低氧血症发生存在相关性。  相似文献   
4.
目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)术中不同注入量高粘度骨水泥治疗骨质疏松性腰椎骨折(OLVF)的疗效及安全性。 方法前瞻性收集2016年9月至2018年9月本院OLVF患者150例,男84例,女66例,年龄(60±8)岁。依据随机数字表分为高量组、中量组、低量组,每组50例,高量组、中量组、低量组PKP术中高粘度骨水泥注入量分别为5.0~7.0 ml、3~4.9 ml、<3.0 ml,比较三组疗效及安全性。 结果150例患者获得满意随访,随访时间(19±7)个月。高量组、中量组、低量组手术时间、术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);高量组和中量组术后3、6个月椎体前缘高度[(27.3±3.1)mm、(26.0±2.7)mm和(26.9±3.0)mm、(25.7±2.8)mm]明显高于低量组[(23.8±2.8)mm、(21.3±2.5)mm],高量组和中量组术后3、6个月Cobb角及疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表(ODI)评分[(40.2±4.7)°、(41.5±4.8)°、(2.6±0.4)分、(1.6±0.3)分、(25.8±3.5)分、(26.9±3.5)分和(40.9±4.8)°、(42.1±4.8)°、(2.6±0.4)分、(1.6±0.3)分、(26.2±3.5)分、(27.2±3.7)分]明显低于低量组[(46.3±5.3)°、(47.8±5.6)°、(3.3±0.4)分、(2.3±0.4)分、(33.3±4.1)分、(34.3±4.2)分],差异有统计学意义(F=25.371、18.914、29.334、22.457、34.276、30.217、29.364、20.071,均P<0.001);高量组骨水泥渗漏率(28.00%)明显高于中量组和低量组(8.00%和4.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.241,P=0.005)。 结论PKP术中不同注入量高粘度骨水泥治疗OLVF的疗效及安全性存在一定的差异,其中注入中量(3~4.9 ml)高粘度骨水泥可获得良好的疗效及安全性,值得临床推广。  相似文献   
5.
ObjectiveTo determine the long-term cardiovascular disease risk of astronauts with spaceflight exposure compared with a well-matched cohort.MethodsNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) astronauts are selected into their profession based upon education, unique skills, and health and are exposed to cardiovascular disease risk factors during spaceflight. The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study (CCLS) is a generally healthy cohort from a preventive medicine clinic in Dallas, Texas. Using a matched cohort design, astronauts who were selected beginning April 1, 1959, (and each subsequent selection class through 2009) and exposed to spaceflight were matched to CCLS participants who met astronaut selection criteria; 1514 CCLS participants matched to 303 astronauts in a 5-to-1 ratio on sex, date of birth, and age. The outcome of cardiovascular mortality through December 31, 2016, was determined by death certificate or National Death Index.ResultsThere were 11 deaths caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD) among astronauts and 46 among CCLS participants. There was no evidence of increased mortality risk in astronauts (hazard ratio [HR]=1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50 to 2.45) with adjustment for baseline cardiovascular covariates. However, the secondary outcome of CVD events showed an increased adjusted risk in astronauts (HR=2.41; 95% CI, 1.26 to 4.63).ConclusionNo increased risk of CVD mortality was observed in astronauts with spaceflight exposure compared with a well-matched cohort, but there was evidence of increased total CVD events. Given that the duration of spaceflight will increase, particularly on missions to Mars, continued surveillance and mitigation of CVD risk is needed to ensure the safety of those who venture into space.  相似文献   
6.
[目的] 通过测量健康成年人手指寸及下肢骨度分寸的长度,并进行相关性分析,为指寸定位法在下肢的应用提供依据。[方法] 本研究共纳入健康成人49例,采用游标卡尺和软尺分别测量其拇指同身寸、中指同身寸、横指同身寸及下肢胫骨内侧髁至内踝尖(小腿内侧寸)和腘横纹至外踝尖(小腿外侧寸)骨度分寸的长度。分别计算各手指寸及下肢骨度分寸1寸的长度,并进行相关性分析。[结果] 分析数据表明,就不同部位1寸的长度来看,指寸定位法中,拇指同身寸平均1寸长度为(1.92±0.13) cm,中指同身寸平均1寸长度为(2.01±0.18) cm,横指同身寸平均1寸长度为(2.14±0.13) cm。骨度折量定位法中,小腿内侧寸平均1寸长度为(3.03±0.11) cm,小腿外侧寸平均1寸长度为(3.41±0.09) cm。就指寸定位法与骨度折量定位法相关性分析来看,拇指同身寸与小腿内侧寸、小腿外侧寸的相关系数分别为0.214和0.338,横指同身寸与小腿内侧寸、小腿外侧寸的相关系数分别为0.288和0.307,中指同身寸与小腿内侧寸、小腿外侧寸的相关系数分别为0.356和0.294。[结论] 各指寸定位法1寸长度的差异较大,在穴位定位时不建议交叉采用。骨度折量定位法中小腿内外侧的1寸长度存在差异,内外侧腧穴定位时应以其所在部位骨度分寸为准;使用横指同身寸于下肢进行腧穴定位时,相较于小腿内侧,横指同身寸在小腿外侧的腧穴定位准确性更高。  相似文献   
7.
《Pancreatology》2022,22(2):270-276
Backgroundand purpose: Zinc is an essential element for human health and plays an important role in metabolic, immunological and other biological processes. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between zinc deficiency (ZD) and the perioperative clinical course in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).MethodsOf 216 patients with PDAC who underwent elective pancreatectomy between 2013 and 2017 at our institution, 206 patients with sufficient clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. The perioperative variables were compared and the risk factors associated with infectious complications were identified.ResultsZD was preoperatively present in 36 (17.5%) of 206 patients with PDAC. In the patients of the ZD group, a higher proportion of males, higher preoperative modified Glasgow prognostic scores, a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and a higher occurrence of postoperative infectious complications after pancreatectomy were observed, compared to the non-ZD group. By a univariate analysis, three risk factors were significantly associated with infectious complications after pancreatectomy: ZD (vs non-ZD: p = 0.002), serum albumin <3.5 g/dl (vs ≥ 3.5 g/dl: p = 0.005), and the procedure of pancreaticoduodenectomy (vs others: p = 0.013). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the occurrence of infectious complications was significantly associated with ZD (OR 3.430, 95%CI 1.570 to 7.490, p = 0.002) and the procedure of pancreaticoduodenectomy (OR 2.030, 95%CI 1.090 to 3.770, p = 0.025).ConclusionsThe current study newly demonstrated that ZD could serve as a preoperative predictor of infectious complications after pancreatectomies in the patients with PDAC.  相似文献   
8.
Postbariatric loss of muscle tissue could negatively affect long-term health due to its role in various bodily processes, such as metabolism and functional capacity. This meta-analysis aimed to unravel time-dependent changes in the magnitude and progress of lean body mass (LBM), fat-free mass (FFM), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) loss following bariatric surgery. A systematic literature search was conducted in Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science. Fifty-nine studies assessed LBM (n = 37), FFM (n = 20), or SMM (n = 3) preoperatively and ≥1 time points postsurgery. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to determine pooled loss per outcome parameter and follow-up time point. At 12-month postsurgery, pooled LBM loss was ?8.13 kg [95%CI ?9.01; ?7.26]. FFM loss and SMM loss were ?8.23 kg [95%CI ?10.74; ?5.73] and ?3.18 kg [95%CI ?5.64; ?0.71], respectively. About 55% of 12-month LBM loss occurred within 3-month postsurgery, followed by a more gradual decrease up to 12 months. Similar patterns were seen for FFM and SMM. In conclusion, >8 kg of LBM and FFM loss was observed within 1-year postsurgery. LBM, FFM, and SMM were predominantly lost within 3-month postsurgery, highlighting that interventions to mitigate such losses should be implemented perioperatively.  相似文献   
9.
10.
AimsOligometastatic disease (OMD) represents a spectrum of clinical scenarios and various classification systems have been proposed. Bone-only OMD can occur in patients with advanced prostate cancer and validated decision-making tools are needed to assist patient selection for metastasis-directed therapy. The aim of the present study was to determine the prognostic utility of a classification system for OMD.Materials and methodsA retrospective review was conducted of all patients with bone-only oligometastatic prostate cancer treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) since November 2011. SBRT was delivered using CyberKnife® and gantry-based linear accelerator platforms. All patients were classified into oligometastatic states based on the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (ESTRO/EORTC) classification system. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were carried out to determine the prognostic utility of this classification system.ResultsIn total, 105 patients with 145 osseous metastases were treated over 119 sessions. The median follow-up after SBRT was 23 months (interquartile range 10–39.8). Twelve patients had died after a median time of 31 months. The 3-year metastatic progression-free survival was 23% (95% confidence interval 13–32) and the 3-year overall survival was 88% (95% confidence interval 80–96). Patients in a metachronous oligometastatic state were 4.50 (95% confidence interval 1.19–17.10, P = 0.03) times more likely to experience metastatic progression compared with those with synchronous oligometastases, and 6.69 (95% confidence interval 1.05–42.50, P = 0.04) times more likely to experience any failure. Hazard ratio magnitudes increased for patients in a repeat oligometastatic state. The multivariate model for both metastatic progression-free survival and failure-free survival found prostate-specific antigen doubling time <4 months (P = 0.002; P = 0.05) to independently predict for progression.ConclusionThe ESTRO/EORTC classification of OMD predicts for progression in patients treated with SBRT for bone-only oligometastatic prostate cancer at our institution. Further validation in prospective series over multiple tumour sites is needed. These characterisation factors should be assessed in patients considered for metastasis-directed therapy together with established prognostic features.  相似文献   
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