无托槽隐形矫治器对牙周炎引起前牙扇形移位的女性患者相关生活质量的影响研究

目的探究无托槽隐形矫治器对牙周炎引起前牙扇形移位的女性患者口腔健康相关生活存质量(OHRQOL)的影响。方法 41例进行成年女性错颌畸形矫治患者,按佩戴矫治器类型不同分为试验组(18例)和对照组(23例)。试验组患者佩戴无托槽隐形矫治器,对照组患者佩戴自锁托槽矫治器,记录附件脱落重粘情况,比较两组患者矫治时长以及不同时间段[矫治开始前(T0)、矫治1个月(T1)、矫治3个月(T2)、矫治6个月(T3)、矫治结束(T4)、矫治结束后3个月(T5)]口腔健康影响程度量表(OHIP-14中文版)评分。结果试验组矫治时长最短42步即84周,最长75步即150周,平均矫治时长(97.52±2.35)周,附件脱落重粘48粒,其中2例重启;对照组矫治时长最短34步即68周,最长74步即148周,平均矫治时长(112.38±3.51)周,因颊面管托槽松动掉落重粘115粒。试验组矫治时长短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=15.437, P=0.000<0.05)。T1时,试验组OHIP-14评分(25.42±4.21)分低于对照组的(35.47±4.02)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);T0、T2、T3、T4、T5时,两组患者的OHIP-14评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论牙周炎引起前牙扇形移位的女性患者佩戴无托槽隐形矫治器较佩戴固定矫治器有利于缩短矫治时间,及较好的生活质量。     

Effects of the frequency of ostomy management reinforcement education on self-care knowledge,self-efficacy,and ability of stoma appliance change among Korean hospitalised ostomates

Patients who undergo stoma surgery experience difficulties in adapting physically and psychologically. The priority is to support them in learning self-care for successful rehabilitation and psychosocial adaption to a new life. In order to do this, it is important to provide ostomates with repetitive reinforcement education on self-care in a continuous and individual manner, not just to increase knowledge or perform related skills. This study aims to evaluate the effects of ostomy management reinforcement education (OMRE) in ostomates and to identify the optimal frequency of reinforcement education using an equivalent control group post-test design. Participants were 60 ostomates admitted to a university hospital after ostomy formation surgery, and they were randomly assigned to a control and two experimental groups of this study. The OMRE was given to the control group (n = 20), experimental group 1 (n = 20), and experimental group 2 (n = 20) once, twice, and three times, respectively. Participants' self-care knowledge, self-efficacy, and ability of stoma appliance change were evaluated before and after the OMRE. Major results of this study were as follows: the self-care knowledge score of post-test was higher than the pretest in the control, experimental 1, and experimental two groups (P < 0.001). The self-efficacy score of post-test was higher than the pretest in the control, experimental 1, and experimental 2 groups (P < 0.001). The self-care knowledge score according to the frequency of OMRE did not differ among the control, experimental 1, and experimental 2 groups (F = 1.921, P = 0.156). The self-efficacy score according to the frequency of OMRE was significantly different between the control and experimental groups (F = 8.616, P = 0.001), but there was no difference between the experimental 1 and experimental 2 groups (Scheffe's post-hoc analysis: a < b, c). The ability of stoma appliance change score according to the frequency of OMRE was significantly different between the control and experimental groups (F = 49.546, P < 0.001), but there was no difference between the experimental 1 and experimental 2 groups (Scheffe's post-hoc analysis: a < b, c). Results of this study suggested that the OMRE was effective for promoting hospitalised ostomates' self-care knowledge, self-efficacy, and ability of stoma appliance change, and two sessions of the OMRE was the most effective. Findings of this study may be useful in planning education programmes designed to improve self-care ability for hospitalised ostomates.     

安氏II1 错牙合软组织变化的临床研究

目的：探讨安氏II¹ 错牙合畸形病人在MBT 直丝弓矫治技术配合斜面导板矫治前后的整体容貌的变化
及软组织变化规侓，为临床对安氏II¹ 错牙合畸形的诊断及治疗提供参考依据。方法: 选择40 例符合标准的病例，不
拔牙矫治，采用MBT 直丝弓矫治技术配合斜面导板，按矫治的不同阶段分为: 矫治前，矫治中( 上颌排齐阶段) ，矫治
后( 摘斜导及矫治结束阶段) ，每一病例在每个阶段结束后，均在同一台头颅定位仪X 光机( Kodak 8000 c 全景片
机) 拍摄X 线头颅侧位定位片，利用头影测量分析软件( Winceph 8． 0软件) 标定软组织标志点、绘图，测量出软组织
各测量项目值，对颌面部软组织的变化进行投影测量分析。其中标志点为S( 蝶鞍点，Sella) ，N’( 软组织鼻根点，
Nassion of Soft Tissue) ，Sn( 鼻下点，Subnasale) ，B’( 下唇凹点，颏唇沟Mentolabial sulcus 最凹处) ，Cm( 鼻小柱点，Columella)
，Po( 颏前点，Pogonion) ，Ls( 上唇突点，Labrale Superius) ，Li( 下唇突点，Labrale Inferius) 。7 项软组织测量指
标为: Ls － E( 上唇审美平面距，上唇突点到审美平面的垂直距离) ，Li － E( 下唇审美平面距，下唇突点到审美平面的
垂直距离) ，S － N’－ Sn( 上唇基角，由蝶鞍点、软组织鼻根点和鼻下点构成) ，S － N’－ B’( 下唇基角，由蝶鞍点、软组
织鼻根点和下唇凹点构成) ，Cm － Sn － Ls( 鼻唇角，Cm、Sn、Ls 三点连线所成的角) ，N’－ Sn － Po( 面突角) ，Z 角( 颏
前点Po 与上唇或下唇最突点的连线与FH 平面所成的后下角) 。数据采用SPSS 13． 0软件进行统计学处理，分析矫
治前、中、后测量指标的变化及各指标间的相关性。结果: 1、安氏II¹ 错牙合畸形的病人矫治后整体容貌的变化主要表
现为: 下颌后缩得以改善，侧貌实现协调与美观的效果。2、安氏II¹ 病例矫治前、中、后软组织测量项目的变化: 鼻
唇角增大和面突角减小，上下唇到审美平面距减少。S － N’－ Sn 和Ls － E、和Cm － Sn － Ls 变大( P ＜ 0． 05) ，有统计
学意义。结论: 1、对于恒牙早期安氏II¹ 下颌后缩的病人，采用MBT 直丝弓矫治器联合斜面导板早期治疗，能有效
改变软组织的侧貌，实现颌、牙合、面的协调与美观。2、在治疗过程中，Cm － Sn － Ls、N’－ Sn － Po、Z 角、S － N’－ Sn、S
－ N’－ B’Ls － E 和Li － E 的变化，与上下颌切牙倾斜度和颌骨的位置相关，因此，在正畸治疗中，根据硬组织的
改变来预测软组织的变化具有重要的指导意义。     

直丝弓矫治器和Begg矫治器治疗安氏Ⅱ类1分类错[牙合]畸形疗效比较

目的:对比不同矫治器对错[牙合]畸形患者面高度及前后牙咬合关系的影响。方法:选取于笔者医院接受矫治的83例错[牙合]畸形患者,根据患者矫治器类型分为直丝弓组和Begg组,分别为42例和41例。比较并分析两组患者治疗前后牙咬合关系、硬组织、磨牙及面高度的变化情况。结果:矫治后,两组患者OJ-PPV、OB-PP、LMA-MPV、LMA-MPV均降低,Begg矫治组OJ-PPV水平显著高于直丝弓矫治组,OB-PP、LMA-MPV、LMA-MPV水平显著低于直丝弓矫治组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者LAFH、LAFH/TAFH、PFH/TAFH水平均升高,其中Begg矫治组患者LAFH水平显著低于直丝弓矫治组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者LMA-MP、LMC-MP水平均升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);矫治前后,两组患者SNA、SNA、ANB水平均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:两种矫治器对错[牙合]畸形患者硬组织变化均无明显影响,其中Begg矫治对患者前后牙咬合关系改善作用更强,直丝弓对患者面高度的改善能力更强。     

Edgwise矫治器在固定外伤松动牙中的应用

目的 寻求一种固定外伤松动乳牙或年轻恒牙的新方法。方法 43例4～14岁的66颗外伤松动牙，常规粘结托槽、方丝及结扎丝“8”字结扎固定，3个月后拆除。治疗前、治疗后1个月、2个月、3个月、半年拍摄根尖片，观察愈合情况。结果 75．7％正常愈合，15．2％根吸收，3．0％牙冠变色，3．0％牙冠变色。结论 Edgwise托槽应用于外伤松动牙的固定安全、简便、损伤小、易清洁，效果满意。     

口外唇弓配合滑动直丝弓技术矫治双颌前突畸形

目的:分析口外唇弓配合滑动直丝弓技术矫治双颌前突畸形的临床效果。方法:利用口外唇弓配合滑动直丝弓技术矫治非生长期双颌前突畸形患者12名,均拔除4个第一双尖牙,采用一步或两步滑动法关闭拔牙间隙。将矫治前后的头颅侧位定位片进行测量分析,结果进行配对t检验。结果:矫治后上下切牙明显内收,上下唇突度明显减小(P<0. 001),Z角增加(P<0. 01);而上下磨牙前移量较小,平均分别为2. 33mm和2. 61mm。结论:口外唇弓配合滑动直丝弓技术可相对高效简便地矫治双颌前突畸形,能较好地控制支抗,显著改善患者的侧貌。     

直丝弓矫治技术用于安氏骨性Ⅱ类错畸形治疗前后面型的改变

目的探讨直丝弓矫治技术对安氏Ⅱ类骨性错畸形患者骨面型的改变情况。方法在矫治前拍摄的头颅定位侧位片上,筛选出8例安氏Ⅱ类骨性错畸形患者,应用直丝弓矫治技术进行矫治,矫治结束后,在同样条件下再拍摄头颅定位侧位片,行头影测量分析,与治疗前数值进行比较,观察骨面型的改变情况。结果直丝弓矫治对安氏Ⅱ类骨性错畸形患者的面型略有改变,但患者的深覆及深覆盖的纠正更多是由下前牙唇侧倾斜来代偿完成。结论安氏Ⅱ类骨性错畸形患者在恒牙期早期或恒牙期直接采用直丝弓矫治技术进行矫治,对牙齿排列和咬合关系调整虽然有一定的治疗效果,但是对侧面型的改善程度有限,不能达到理想的矫治效果。     

Investigation of trends and characteristics in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Background

Oral appliance (OA) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has only been part of Japan’s National Health care coverage plan since 2004. Subsequently, not enough time has passed to establish the medical trends and characteristics of OSA patients in Japanese Dental Hospitals.

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the medical trends and the characteristics in patients with OSA who visited our clinic, and to compare our findings with previous studies.

Setting and design

Epidemiological survey (retrospective study).

Materials and methods

Two hundred and one patients were recruited at the Internal Medicine Division in the Tsurumi University Dental Hospital from February 2006 to December 2008, consecutively. Patients received a medical interview, and a detailed sleep analysis that included a polysomnography (PSG) to verify the exact nature of their condition. The efficacy of OA was assessed in 49 patients who wore an OA and underwent PSG.

Results

Of all subjects, 141 patients visited the Prosthodontic Division to receive OA therapy, 38 patients were treated or received a follow up examination in the Internal Medicine Division. The dropout rate was 10.4% in the all subjects, 17.0% in patients who visited the Prosthodontic Division. The male-to-female ratio was 3.3:1, 3.0:1 in patients who visited the Prosthodontic Division. In addition, females had a lower rate of OAS severity than males. In our patients, the major complication was hypertension and cardiac disease. The success rate of OA was 75.5%.

Conclusion

This approach allowed us to reveal some of the trends and characteristics in our patients.