急诊胃镜下套扎术、硬化术和组织胶注射术治疗食管胃交界区静脉曲张破裂出血效果分析

目的探讨急诊胃镜下套扎术(EVL)、硬化术(EIS)和组织胶注射术(HI)在食管胃交界区静脉曲张破裂出血治疗中的有效性和安全性,以及不同止血方法的合理选择。方法选取2017年6月-2019年6月北京世纪坛医院和解放军总医院第五医学中心急诊胃镜止血治疗的肝硬化食管胃交界区静脉曲张破裂出血患者共1264例,按照急诊胃镜下不同止血方法进行分组,比较EVL组、EIS组、HI组间的操作成功率、止血成功率、早期再出血率及术后并发症;依据出血位置进行再分类,比较不同出血部位不同止血方法的止血成功率。计量资料3组间比较采用方差分析,计数资料3组间比较采用χ2检验。结果不同止血方法组间操作成功率差异显著(χ2=75.01,P<0.05),EIS、HI操作成功率明显高于EVL,EIS高于HI(P值均<0.05)。不同止血方法组间止血成功率差异显著(χ2=9.885,P<0.05),HI止血成功率高于EVL及EIS(P值均<0.05)。不同组间术后早期再出血率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.290,P=0.865)。不同组间术后并发症比较,术后误吸并发肺炎、发热、胸骨后不适差异显著(χ2值分别为19.08、23.94、19.56,P值均<0.05);EVL术后误吸并发肺炎的发生率高于EIS、HI,HI术后发热比例高于EVL、EIS,EVL、HI术后胸骨后不适发生率高于EIS,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。食管胃交界线(EGJ)线上1~5 cm内EIS、EVL止血成功率高;EGJ线上1 cm至线下2 cm内EIS与HI止血成功率无明显差异;EGJ线下2~5 cm内HI止血成功率高。结论EVL、EIS、HI为治疗食管胃交界区静脉曲张破裂出血有效方法,依据出血位置合理选择止血方法可提高止血疗效。     

Comparison between self‐assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold (SAPNS) and fibrin sealant in neurosurgical hemostasis

RADA16‐I is a synthetic type I self‐assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold (SAPNS) which may serve as a novel biocompatible hemostatic agent. Its application in neurosurgical hemostasis, however, has not been explored. Although RADA16‐I is nontoxic and nonimmunogenic, its intrinsic acidity may potentially provoke inflammation in the surgically injured brain. We conducted an animal study to compare RADA16‐I with fibrin sealant, a commonly used agent, with the hypothesis that the former would be a comparable alternative. Using a standardized surgical brain injury model, 30 Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into three treatment groups: RADA16‐I, fibrin sealant or gelatin sponge (control). Animals were sacrificed on day 3 and 42. Astrocytic and microglial infiltrations within the cerebral parenchyma adjacent to the operative site were significantly lower in the RADA16‐I and fibrin sealant groups than control. RADA16‐I did not cause more cellular inflammatory response despite its acidity when compared with fibrin sealant. Immunohistochemical studies showed infiltration by astrocytes and microglia into the fibrin sealant and RADA16‐I grafts, suggesting their potential uses as tissue scaffolds. RADA16‐I is a promising candidate for further translational and clinical studies that focus on its applications as a safe and effective hemostat, proregenerative nanofiber scaffold as well as drug and cell carrier.     

自膨式聚氨酯泡沫在致命性出血模型中的应用

目的:在致死性肝创伤大出血动物模型中评价自膨式聚氨酯泡沫（self-expanding polyurethane polymer，SPUP）的止血效果。方法:建立猪致死性肝创伤大出血模型，进行损伤控制性液体复苏，致伤后30 min将实验动物随机（随机数字法）分为纱布填塞组（gauze packing group，GP），泡沫材料填塞组（foam packing group，FP）和对照组（blank control group，BC），每组各6只。监测48 h记录生存时间、生命体征、失血量、凝血功能及血液指标，并于死亡或处死后行肝创面组织病理学检查。结果:建模后三组动物均出现严重的失血性休克，其中FP组、GP组48 h生存率显著高于BC组（6/6 vs 4/6 vs 0/6）。FP组生存时间与GP组差异无统计学意义[48 h vs （44.58±5.53） h， P>0.05],与BC组相比显著延长[48 h vs （1.64±0.17） h， P<0.01]。FP组出血量明显少于GP组和BC组[（19.2±7.3） g/kg vs （41.3±8.6） g/kg、（51.5±7.3） g/kg，均 P<0.01]。与GP组和BC组相比，FP组的心输出量有明显改善[（5.0±0.53） L/min vs （4.13±0.41） L/min、（2.38±0.48） L/min，均 P<0.05]。FP组与GP组凝血功能、肝肾功能及血乳酸水平均好于BC组；FP组膀胱压明显高于GP组[（18.83±3.25） cmH 2O vs （3.83±1.47） cmH 2O, P<0.05, 1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa]，BC组未见膀胱压异常增高。FP组组织病理学未见明显继发性损伤。 结论:应用SPUP行腹腔填塞止血可以有效减少致死性肝创伤大出血模型的出血量，有效维持生命体征，提高短期生存率。     

siRNA Mediated Knockdown of Tissue Factor Expression in Pigs for Xenotransplantation

Acute vascular rejection (AVR), in particular microvascular thrombosis, is an important barrier to successful pig‐to‐primate xenotransplantation. Here, we report the generation of pigs with decreased tissue factor (TF) levels induced by small interfering (si)RNA‐mediated gene silencing. Porcine fibroblasts were transfected with TF‐targeting small hairpin (sh)RNA and used for somatic cell nuclear transfer. Offspring were analyzed for siRNA, TF mRNA and TF protein level. Functionality of TF downregulation was investigated by a whole blood clotting test and a flow chamber assay. TF siRNA was expressed in all twelve liveborn piglets. TF mRNA expression was reduced by 94.1 ± 4.7% in TF knockdown (TFkd) fibroblasts compared to wild‐type (WT). TF protein expression in PAEC stimulated with 50 ng/mL TNF‐α was significantly lower in TFkd pigs (mean fluorescence intensity TFkd: 7136 ± 136 vs. WT: 13 038 ± 1672). TF downregulation significantly increased clotting time (TFkd: 73.3 ± 8.8 min, WT: 45.8 ± 7.7 min, p < 0.0001) and significantly decreased thrombus formation compared to WT (mean thrombus coverage per viewing field in %; WT: 23.5 ± 13.0, TFkd: 2.6 ± 3.7, p < 0.0001). Our data show that a functional knockdown of TF is compatible with normal development and survival of pigs. TF knockdown could be a valuable component in the generation of multi‐transgenic pigs for xenotransplantation.     

十二指肠出血的内镜下止血效果及相关因素分析

目的 分析十二指肠来源上消化道出血病例的内镜下止血效果及其相关因素。方法 回顾2011年1月至2018年12月于北京协和医院消化内镜中心、因上消化道出血行急诊胃镜且内镜下判断出血来源于十二指肠的病例,统计病例的基本信息、病灶相关信息、内镜下止血方法等,分析内镜止血效果及其相关因素。结果 共纳入128例患者,其中男性106例(82.8%),中位年龄55(39,67)岁。出血原因包括消化性溃疡(79.7%)、占位病变(14.1%)、血管畸形(3.9%)和憩室(2.3%),共53例(41.4%)患者接受内镜下止血,6例(4.7%)接受介入栓塞或手术治疗。接受内镜下止血的病例中,35例(66.0%)为钛夹机械止血,15例(28.3%)为钛夹联合其他方式止血,3例(5.7%)为药物局部注射。内镜止血的技术成功率为94.3%,但10例(18.9%)病变发生再出血。病灶位于球部后壁是内镜止血失败的危险因素(OR=31.333,95% CI=2.172~452.072,P=0.021);而溃疡≥1 cm是病变再出血的危险因素(OR=7.000,95% CI=1.381~35.478,P=0.023)。结论 十二指肠出血病因仍以消化性溃疡为主,亦存在如憩室出血等特殊原因。病灶位于球部后壁是内镜止血失败的危险因素;较大的溃疡是止血后再出血的危险因素。Forrest分级与短期再出血无相关性。     

腹腔镜肝切除术中剔肝法联合滚凝法临床应用价值研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜肝切除术中剔肝法联合滚凝法的技术要点、有效性及可行性。方法 采用倾向评分匹配及回顾性病例对照研究方法,对2015年5月至2019年12月青岛大学附属医院肝胆胰外科同一治疗组收治的296例行腹腔镜肝切除术病人的临床资料进行分析,根据肝实质离断及肝断面止血方法不同,分为电凝组（133例,采用超声刀传统钳夹电凝）与剔肝组（163例,采用剔肝法联合滚凝法）,对比分析两组病人一般临床病理资料、术中及术后情况。结果 倾向评分匹配后共184例病人配对成功,各92例。两组病例在手术时间、中转开腹、术中输血、术后出血发生率、术后胆瘘发生率、排气时间方面差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而在术中出血、术后肝周积液发生率、术后住院时间方面差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 剔肝法联合滚凝法为腹腔镜肝切除术提供了一种非常可靠实用的肝实质离断技术,能有效减少术中出血及术后肝周积液的发生,缩短术后住院时间。