The role of hip arthroplasty in management of the hip fracture patient

Hip fractures are becoming increasingly common in a growing elderly population, and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures are usually treated with either total hip arthroplasty (THA) or hemiarthroplasty, although the indication for each operation remains an area for debate. THA has been associated with longer operative time, increased risk of dislocation and a slight increase in general complications compared with hemiarthroplasty. However, it has also been associated with a modest improvement in functional outcomes and quality of life. Guidelines have been created within the UK to aid the decision-making process based upon current available literature. The principal focus of these has been to identify patients suitable for THA, and include patients who are cognitively intact, mobile outside their home with the use of no more than one stick, and who are medically fit enough for the procedure. However, implant selection must also be taken into consideration in order to achieve the best outcomes for patients. Options for implants include use of dual mobility cups and choice of femoral head size in THA, bipolar versus unipolar hemiarthroplasty, and cemented versus uncemented implants. Further research is required into this area to make additional recommendations.     

Etiologic Classification Criteria of ARCO on Femoral Head Osteonecrosis Part 2: Alcohol-Associated Osteonecrosis

Background

Although alcohol is a leading risk factor for osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) and its prevalence reportedly ranges from 20% to 45%, there are no unified classification criteria for this subpopulation. In 2015, Association Research Circulation Osseous decided to develop classification criteria for alcohol-associated ONFH.

Adult groin hernias

A groin hernia is a common presenting complaint for adults and surgical repair is usually recommended. Patients may present with swelling or pain in the groin and one should be cognisant of the surgical emergency of a strangulating or obstructing hernia. A careful history and examination will help determine differential diagnoses and with planning the potential approach for repair. Surgical techniques have developed in recent years with a swing towards favouring laparoscopy in the elective patient. For both open and laparoscopic approaches, there are recognized techniques to consider. It is crucial to have a clear understanding of the anatomy in order to develop the skills required for accurate dissection, reduction and repair. Complications, although rare, can lead to severe morbidity. Laparoscopy has the advantage of reducing postoperative chronic pain but requires greater skill and experience to perform successfully. This chapter outlines the key considerations and surgical techniques for groin hernia repair and should be used in conjunction with practical training.     

腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术与开放式腹膜前疝修补术治疗股疝的疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术（TAPP）与开放式腹膜前疝修补术治疗股疝的手术结果和对生活质量的影响。 方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2019年12月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的58例股疝患者的临床资料，根据手术方式不同分为TAPP组和开放式腹膜前疝修补术组（开放组），TAPP组31例，开放组27例。比较两组手术指标，采用卡罗来纳舒适量表（CCS）评估并比较两组患者术前及术后1、6、12和24个月的生活质量。 结果TAPP组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数及术后并发症发生率等方面和开放组相比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；TAPP组在术后24 h疼痛视觉模拟评分及术后镇痛药使用率方面明显优于开放组（P<0.05）；TAPP组术后离床时间及术后首次进食时间长于开放组（P<0.05）；2组患者术后随访24个月，均无复发病例。两种术式均能有效改善患者术前的疼痛、运动受限及总体生活质量（P<0.05）；TAPP组患者术后1个月疼痛及总体生活质量优于开放组（P<0.05）。 结论TAPP与开放式腹膜前疝修补术均可有效治疗股疝。TAPP可作为无全身麻醉禁忌股疝患者的首选治疗方法。股疝的治疗应依据患者的自身情况和手术医师的技术掌握程度制定个体化治疗方案。     

Abnormal femur rotation in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation: A study on upright standing three-dimensionally reconstructed EOS images

BackgroundThe measurements of lower extremity rotational deformities in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) in the standing position are available with the application of the EOS imaging system. The aim of our case–control study was to identify the differences on the femur rotation between the supine and standing positions, and to investigate the differences of anatomical and functional femur rotation between RPD patients and controls.MethodsThirty-five lower extremities affected by RPD from 30 patients and 27 intact lower extremities from 27 controls with acute meniscus tear or anterior cruciate ligament injury were recruited. Anatomical femoral anteversion (AFA), functional femoral anteversion (FFA), femorotibial rotation (FTR) and distal femoral torsion (DFT) of all subjects were measured with the EOS imaging system. Computed tomography scans were carried out to analyze the AFA and FFA in the supine position in PRD patients. The differences in FFA between supine and standing position and in AFA, FTR and DFT between RPD and controls were analyzed. The predictor importance of each variable on RPD was observed after cluster analysis.ResultsThe EOS images were available in all subjects. The FFA was significantly smaller in the standing position than in the supine position (P < 0.05) in RPD patients. When comparing with the controls, RPD patients showed higher AFA, FTR and DFT (P < 0.05) but comparable FFA (P < 0.05). The cluster model prompted that FTR and DFT had higher predictor importance than AFA.ConclusionLarger AFA but comparable FFA in patients with RPD than the controls in an upright standing position suggested more internally rotated distal femur in the RPD patients. AFA may be inadequate and FFA should also be considered while planning the treatment for RPD. DFT and FTR should be taken into consideration when evaluating the abnormalities in femur rotation in RPD patients.     

Femoral Head Penetration Rates of Second-Generation Sequentially Annealed Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene at Minimum Five Years

Background

Highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) liners in total hip arthroplasty (THA) have demonstrated decreased wear rates, resilience to cup orientation, and reduced osteolysis compared to conventional polyethylene. Sequential irradiation and annealing below the melting temperature is unique compared to most HXLPE which is irradiated and remelted. This study purpose is to provide minimum 5-year femoral head penetration rates of sequentially annealed HXLPE in primary THA.

血瘀质与股骨头坏死相关性刍议

股骨头坏死的发病机理尚未明确,从多角度探讨其发病机理,以期为多样化治疗提供依据成为当今医者不断追求的目标。中医体质学认为,不同体质类型对不同疾病的发生具有倾向性。本文从股骨头坏死高发中医体质类型血瘀质入手,对其与股骨头坏死相关性进行探析,为中医调体干预股骨头坏死中早期治疗提供新思路。     

生物型双极人工股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨生物型双极人工股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法采用生物型双极人工股骨头置换治疗60例老年股骨颈骨折患者。末次随访采用Harris评分标准评价髋关节功能。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~12个月。手术时间38~62 min,术中出血量50~110 ml。手术切口均一期愈合。2例术后1周发生脑梗死,神经内科会诊治疗后症状好转,但肌力差,髋关节功能差。1例术后8个月因心脏病去世。未出现感染、假体松动、股骨头脱位等并发症。末次随访时根据Harris评分标准评价疗效:优46例,良9例,可2例,差2例。结论生物型双极人工股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折手术创伤小,术后下地活动早,并发症少,可有效提高患者生活质量。     

不同髋关节骨病晚期“异病同证”临证探析

"异病同证"是中医学对病证关系的特殊认识,起初是指不同的病具有相同的病机,从而表现出相同的证候,反映了中医学辨证论治的特点,在临证中主要体现在一方用于治疗多种病证。随着病证结合诊疗模式的形成,"异病同证"的含义也发生了变化,多指西医诊断不同疾病在其发展的过程中出现了相同的病机,从而表现出相同的证候。股骨头坏死、髋骨关节炎、类风湿性髋关节炎是发于髋关节骨骼、软骨及滑膜的3个不同解剖组织的3种疾病,在疾病的晚期出现了髋关节疼痛、活动受限的症状和腰膝酸软、行走无力的证候,无论是症状体征或中医证候,均表现出其相似性,体现着中医学"异病同证"的思想,本文从临床症状、影像变化、中医证候特点、病因病机及临床治疗方面探析3种疾病的趋同性和差异性,结果发现,除了临床症状体征相似,3种髋关节骨病晚期均见关节软骨退变、关节间隙狭窄、关节积液、滑膜增厚、骨质增生及软骨下骨囊变等相似X射线表现;肾藏精、主骨生髓,只有肾精充足,筋骨方可得以骨髓充养,肝藏血、主筋,肝血充足筋骨才能濡养,病至晚期,3种疾病与肝肾脏腑功能失常密切相关,肝肾不足、经脉筋骨失养是3种髋关节骨病晚期的共同病机,肝肾亏虚、腰膝酸软、行走无力亦成为其共同证候。不仅为"同证"提供理论依据,也有助于"异病"的鉴别诊断、提高髋关节疾病的诊断水平、丰富中医学"异病同证"的内涵。