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1.
目的探析中高频听力下降型突发性聋采取耳后注射甲强龙治疗的临床效果及可行性。方法选取2019年5月~2020年7月本院耳鼻喉科就诊的中高频听力下降型突发性聋患者,共纳入病例54例,以随机法分组,即常规组(n=27)和观察组(n=27),常规组予常规治疗,观察组采取耳后注射甲强龙,比较两组效果。结果观察组有效率相比于常规组显著提高(P<0.05);治疗3周后,观察组2000~8000Hz频率听力提高值与常规组比(P<0.05)。结论中高频听力下降型突发性聋采取耳后注射甲强龙治疗效果理想,值得推广。  相似文献   
2.
Tympanic membranes (TM) that have healed spontaneously after perforation present abnormalities in their structural and mechanical properties; i.e., they are thickened and abnormally dense. These changes result in a deterioration of middle ear (ME) sound transmission, which is clinically presented as a conductive hearing loss (CHL). To fully understand the ME sound transmission under TM pathological conditions, we created a gerbil model with a controlled 50% pars tensa perforation, which was left to heal spontaneously for up to 4 weeks (TM perforations had fully sealed after 2 weeks). After the recovery period, the ME sound transmission, both in the forward and reverse directions, was directly measured with two-tone stimulation. Measurements were performed at the input, the ossicular chain, and output of the ME system, i.e., at the TM, umbo, and scala vestibuli (SV) next to the stapes. We found that variations in ME transmission in forward and reverse directions were not symmetric. In the forward direction, the ME pressure gain decreased in a frequency-dependent manner, with smaller loss (within 10 dB) at low frequencies and more dramatic loss at high frequency regions. The loss pattern was mainly from the less efficient acoustical to mechanical coupling between the TM and umbo, with little changes along the ossicular chain. In the reverse direction, the variations in these ears are relatively smaller. Our results provide detailed functional observations that explain CHL seen in clinical patients with abnormal TM, e.g., caused by otitis media, that have healed spontaneously after perforation or post-tympanoplasty, especially at high frequencies. In addition, our data demonstrate that changes in distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) result from altered ME transmission in both the forward and reverse direction by a reduction of the effective stimulus levels and less efficient transfer of DPs from the ME into the ear canal. This confirms that DPOAEs can be used to assess both the health of the cochlea and the middle ear.  相似文献   
3.
We propose a computational model to study the growth and spread of bacterial biofilms on interfaces, as well as the action of antibiotics on them. Bacterial membranes are represented by boundaries immersed in a fluid matrix and subject to interaction forces. Growth, division and death of bacterial cells follow dynamic energy budget rules, in response to variations in environmental concentrations of nutrients, toxicants and substances released by the cells. In this way, we create, destroy and enlarge boundaries, either spherical or rod-like. Appropriate forces represent details of the interaction between cells, and the interaction with the environment. We can investigate geometrical arrangements and the formation of porous structures. Numerical simulations illustrate the evolution of top views and diametral slices of small biofilm seeds, as well as the action of antibiotics. We show that cocktails of antibiotics targeting active and dormant cells can entirely eradicate a biofilm.  相似文献   
4.
目的 为了解北京市东城区美沙酮维持治疗患者的依从性及其影响因素,为临床建立合理的治疗模式以及干预措施提供科学依据。方法 采用动态队列研究设计,研究起点为首次入组治疗的患者在美沙酮维持治疗门诊首次接受治疗的时间,终点为2021年4月30日。使用寿命表法分析维持治疗情况;利用COX比例风险模型分析患者依从性的影响因素。结果 共有331名患者进入本次研究。截至随访终点,累积发生脱失210例,脱失比例为63.44%。维持治疗时间中位数为5.33年。患者1、2、5年的累积维持治疗比例和维持治疗人年数分别为77.05%、67.67%、52.41%和279.00、234.50、170.00人年。COX比例风险模型分析结果显示:入组时年龄<50岁(HR=1.825,95%CI:1.087~3.062)、有职业(HR=1.515,95%CI:1.037~2.213)、日服药剂量<60 mg/d(HR=2.025,95%CI:1.380~2.972)、接受过强制隔离戒毒(HR=2.617,95%CI:1.345~5.092)是降低患者依从性的危险因素。结论 日服药剂量、职业、入组时年龄、是否接受过强制隔离戒毒是北京市东城区美沙酮维持治疗门诊患者依从性的影响因素。日服药剂量的减少有可能导致患者的依从性下降,最终影响治疗效果,因此门诊医生在降低患者的服药剂量时应慎重。  相似文献   
5.
目的 探讨Alport综合征合并GJB2基因突变导致儿童耳聋的临床特点及基因型分析。方法 回顾性分析西安市儿童医院肾脏科收治的1例儿童Alport综合征患儿的临床资料及基因检测结果。结果 患儿女,3岁8月,以血尿蛋白尿起病,肾脏病理光镜提示轻度系膜增生性肾小球肾炎,电镜提示薄基底膜肾病,听力检测提示左耳轻度感音神经性耳聋,基因检测提示COL4A5基因c.555(exon10)-c.568(exon10)delTGGTCCCACTGGTA(移码突变),导致氨基酸改变p.P185Pfs*26,家系验证其为新发突变,父母均未携带,根据美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会(ACMG)指南,该突变类型为致病性突变。HGMDpro数据库该位点未见报道。此外还检测到GJB2基因存在c.109(exon2)G>A(错义突变),导致氨基酸改变p.V37I,家系验证父母均为携带者,根据ACMG指南,该突变类型为致病性突变。HGMDpro数据库该位点已有文献报道。结论 Alport综合征及GJB2基因突变都会导致听力损伤,当Alport综合征患儿出现听力损伤时,不仅需要考虑与原发疾病相关,同时也需要警惕有无其他合并疾病,避免漏诊及误诊。  相似文献   
6.
It has been widely demonstrated that there are a broad range of individual responses to all weight management regimens, often masked by reports of the mean. Identifying features of responders and non-responders to weight loss regimens enables a more tailored approach to the provision of weight management advice. Low-carbohydrate diets are currently popular, and anecdote suggests that males are more successful at losing weight using this approach. This is feasible given the physiological and socio-psychological differences between the genders. We analysed the extent and variation in weight change for males and females separately through a systematic search for all low-carbohydrate diet trials published since 1985. Very few studies compared weight loss outcomes by gender and, of those that did, most lacked supporting data. The majority of studies reported no gender difference but when a gender difference was found, males were more frequently reported as losing more weight than females on a low-carbohydrate diet. The lack of gender stratification in weight loss trials is concerning, as there are a range of gender-based factors that affect weight loss outcomes. This study highlights the importance of examining weight change for males and females separately, since as failure to do so may mask any potential differences, which, if detected, could assist with better weight loss outcomes.  相似文献   
7.
BackgroundWhile studies have demonstrated favorable outcomes in utilization of primary total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) for the treatment of glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA), adverse events such as infections can still occur. Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are associated with worse outcomes and patient morbidity. The purpose of this study was to: (1) compare patient demographics amongst TSA patients with and without PJIs following primary TSA; and (2) identify patient-related risk factors for PJIs following primary TSA.MethodsPatients undergoing primary TSA for the treatment of glenohumeral OA were identified using the Mariner administrative claims database by CPT code 23,472. Laterality modifiers were utilized to ensure PJIs were developing in the correct laterality as those patients undergoing primary TSA. Inclusion for the study group consisted of patients who developed PJIs within 2-years after the index procedure, whereas patients who did not develop PJIs served as the comparison cohort. Primary outcomes analyzed included patient demographics and patient-related risk factors for PJIs following primary TSA. A stepwise backwards elimination multivariate binomial logistic regression analyses was performed to determine the odds (OR) of PJIs in patients undergoing primary TSA. A P value less than .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe query yielded 15,396 patients who underwent primary TSA for glenohumeral OA, of which 191 patients developed PJIs and 15,205 did not develop PJIs. The study found statistically significant differences amongst patients who did and did not develop PJIs following primary TSA with respect to age, sex, and presence of comorbid conditions. Risk factors associated with developing PJIs following primary TSA included: pathologic weight loss (OR: 2.06, P < .0001), obesity (OR: 1.56, P = .0001), male sex (OR: 1.52, P = .007), and peripheral vascular disease (OR: 1.46, P = .022).ConclusionAs the number of primary TSAs for the treatment of glenohumeral OA increase worldwide, identifying modifiable risk-factors to reduce the incidence of infection is critical. The study found various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with developing PJIs following primary TSA. This study is valuable to orthopedists in order to identify and risk-stratify patients with regard to PJI in the setting of primary TSA for OA.Level of EvidenceLevel III; Case-Control Study  相似文献   
8.
9.
近年来,随着人口老龄化的加剧及生活方式的改变,各类脊柱疾病的发生率逐年上升[1],手术治疗可缓解疼痛、矫正畸形、重建脊柱稳定性,而随着脊柱外科手术量及难度的增加,围手术期出血不容忽视,出血过多可引起多种并发症,甚至影响患者预后[2]。减少出血不仅对保持患者的血流动力学平衡很重要,而且对手术视野的观察也很重要。  相似文献   
10.
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