慢阻肺急性加重期患者延迟就医与家庭动力学的相关性研究

目的研究慢阻肺急性加重期患者延迟就医与家庭动力学的相关性,希望能够为慢阻肺急性加重期患者拟定护理措施提供科学依据。方法选取2017年1月-2019年12月我院240例诊断为慢阻肺急性加重期的患者为研究对象。根据患者入院就医的时间进行分组,时间≥24h的延迟就医的患者为观察组,时间<24h的及时就医患者为对照组。结果两组患者在文化水平、家庭年收入、在职状态、医疗保险和婚姻状况和APACHEⅡ评分比较(P<0.05)。观察组患者疾病观念、个性化、系统逻辑和家庭氛围得分比对照组高(P<0.05)。Pearman的相关性分析结果显示:慢阻肺急性加重期患者延迟就医时间与各个层面分数以及家庭动力总分呈现负相关性(P<0.05)。应变量为延迟就医为应变量,患者的一般资料为自变量,经Logistic回归分析结果表明:延迟就医的影响因素为文化水平、家庭动力评分、职业状态、家庭收入、婚姻状况和APACHEⅡ评分。结论慢阻肺急性加重期患者家庭动力总分与疾病观念、个性化、系统逻辑和家庭氛围得分与延迟就医时间呈现负相关性,患者延迟就医的影响因素是家庭动力学评分。     

BMP/TGF-β signaling as a modulator of neurodegeneration in ALS

This commentary focuses on the emerging intersection between BMP/TGF-β signaling roles in nervous system function and the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease state. Future research is critical to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of this intersection of the cellular processes disrupted in ALS and those influenced by BMP/TGF-β signaling, including synapse structure, neurotransmission, plasticity, and neuroinflammation. Such knowledge promises to inform us of ideal entry points for the targeted modulation of dysfunctional cellular processes in an effort to abrogate ALS pathologies. It is likely that different interventions are required, either at discrete points in disease progression, or across multiple dysfunctional processes which together lead to motor neuron degeneration and death. We discuss the challenging, but intriguing idea that modulation of the pleiotropic nature of BMP/TGF-β signaling could be advantageous, as a way to simultaneously treat defects in more than one cell process across different forms of ALS.     

术中目标导向液体治疗在腹膜后巨大恶性肿瘤切除术患儿中的应用

目的:探讨基于脉压变异度（PPV）的目标导向液体治疗（GDFT）在腹膜后巨大恶性肿瘤切除术患儿中的应用。方法:择期行腹膜后巨大恶性肿瘤切除术患儿64例，年龄0.5~3岁，ASA Ⅱ-Ⅲ级。随机将患儿分为目标导向液体治疗组（G组）和常规液体治疗组（C组），每组32例。G组以PPV为指导，根据GDFT方案进行液体管理，C组采用常规液体管理。记录手术开始（T1）、手术开始后1 h（T2）、手术结束（T3）的MAP、CVP、PPV、Lac值、TNF-α、IL-6浓度。记录术中输注晶体液量、胶体液量、液体总量、出血量、尿量、手术时间、多巴胺使用率以及排气时间、术后住院时间和恶心呕吐发生率。结果:G组输注晶体液量显著少于C组（P＜0.05），而输注胶体液量显著多于C组（P＜0.05）。两组术中输注液体总量、出血量、尿量与多巴胺使用率方面差异无统计学意义。T2、T3时刻，G组PPV、TNF-α、IL-6显著低于C组（P＜0.05），而两组间MAP、CVP、Lac在各时点差异无统计学意义。G组术后排气时间明显短于C组（P＜0.05），而在术后恶心呕吐发生率和住院时间方面两组差异无统计学意义。结论:PPV指导的GDFT可以应用于腹膜后巨大恶性肿瘤切除术患儿，能维持其血流动力学稳定，减少炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α释放，促进胃肠功能恢复，但对术后转归无明显影响。     

经口腔前庭腔镜甲状腺癌根治术的临床实践及与开放性手术比较

目的 经口腔前庭腔镜甲状腺癌根治术的临床实践及与开放性手术进行比较。方法 回顾性收集并比较分析自2019年3月至2019年12月中国科学院大学宁波华美医院甲状腺外科行经口腔前庭腔镜甲状腺切除术和传统开放性甲状腺切除术的甲状腺肿瘤患者各45例临床资料（行经传统开放术式患者样本量较大,随机抽样选择45例）,比较分析两组在性别、年龄、BMI、病理类型,清扫淋巴结数量以及手术时长,术后引流量,术后出现相关并发症,远期预后等指标。结果 两种术式患者术前术后相关临床资料无明显统计学差异,术中指标如出血量,淋巴清扫方面两组亦无统计学差异,但术中手术时间较开放组延长（P<0.05）,手术费用较开放组更多,住院时长较开放组更短。结论 选择合适的患者,行经口腔前庭入路腔镜甲状腺癌根治术安全可行,在美容效果上有优势。     

Compliance to Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations for pneumococcal vaccination

We evaluated compliance to the ACIP pneumococcal vaccination recommendations issued in 2014 for adults aged ≥ 65 years and in 2012 for adults with high-risk (HR) conditions. The MarketScan® Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases (January 2007-June 2019) were used to identify the cohorts of interest. Analyses for adults aged ≥ 65 years were adjusted to account for missing vaccination history. Two HR cohorts were identified. The HR1 cohort included patients with immunocompromising conditions, functional or anatomic asplenia, cerebrospinal fluid leak, or cochlear implant. The HR2 cohort included patients with chronic heart, lung, or liver disease; diabetes mellitus; alcoholism; cirrhosis; or cigarette smoking. Full compliance for those aged ≥ 65 years or in the HR1 cohort was defined as receipt of PCV13 and PPSV23, and partial compliance was defined as receipt of PCV13 or PPSV23. For those in the HR2 cohort, full compliance was defined as receipt of PPSV23. Annual compliance rates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.Among those aged ≥ 65 years, partial compliance at 4 years post index was 53% and full compliance was 17% in adjusted analyses. In subjects ≥ 65 years receiving the first vaccination, 42% received the second vaccination by year 4. For the HR1 cohort, partial compliance was 19% and full compliance was 5% at 6 years post index date. For the HR2 cohort, full compliance was 20% at 6 years, with the highest rate in patients with diabetes (27%) and the lowest rate in patients with alcoholism (8%).Additional efforts are needed to maximize compliance to the ACIP pneumococcal vaccine recommendations among adults ≥ 65 years of age and adults with HR conditions including streamlined recommendations and single-dose vaccines. These efforts may subsequently reduce the incidence and burden of pneumococcal disease.     

Identifying developmental disability in national surveys: Addressing the knowledge gap with special education histories

BackgroundIn the United States nearly 20% of children ages 12–17 have developmental disorders. Some attain population-based developmental milestones after a delay, or increase functioning through special education, medication, technology, or therapy. Others have severe lasting impairments. An indicator identifying those groups in surveys of adults could help shape policies to improve lives.HypothesesWe hypothesized that survey histories of special education could indicate functional status levels.MethodsData were from the nationally representative Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1997–2017, n = 2745). With measures of diagnoses, behaviors, functional status, service use, and adult outcomes, we tested three special education groups as indicators of: (1) no impairment (no special education), (2) disorders, developmental diagnoses that adversely affect educational performance, but with development after a period of delay or only moderate disability, indicated by transfer from special education; and (3) severe lasting disability, the diagnoses combined with life-long needs for supports or services, with limitations in areas including self-care, mobility, and capacity for independent living, indicated by special education in the individual's final year of school.ResultsAcross the special education groups, from no impairment to severe lasting disability, there were trends of: increasing severe and lasting disability (respectively 4.8%, 35.6%, 76.4%); increasing special services use (13.5%, 43.1%, 83.7%); increasing severe emotional disorders (2.3%, 11.3%, 17.9%); lower percentages attaining at least an associate's degree by age 25 (42.1%, 20.7%, and 8.9%); and more chronic diseases.ConclusionsSpecial education histories provide a useful indicator of developmental disability impairment levels in adults.     

近端胃切除人工三角瓣成形抗反流术的力学机理仿真分析

目的:对食管胃结合部腺癌近端胃切除术（PG）人工三角瓣成形后残胃食糜进行流体动力学数值模拟，并计算不同性质胃内食糜的流动特征。方法:构建常规PG和人工三角瓣成形术术后胃仿真模型，运用Fluent软件对不同粘度胃内食糜反流问题进行数值模拟。结果:站立位姿态时，相对常规PG方案，人工三角瓣成形手术方案表现出较好的抗反流作用；卧位姿态时，当胃内食糜粘度大于0.145 2 Pa[?s，且胃内食糜不超过人工三角瓣情况下，人工三角瓣成形抗反流手术表现出较好的抗反流效果；人工三角瓣抗反流成形手术方案数值模拟结果与临床上患者表现一致。结论:本研究仿真分析为人工三角瓣成形抗反流手术方案的有效性机理分析、临床患者术后饮食及手术方案的进一步改进提供理论及数值依据。 【关键词】食管胃结合部腺癌；抗反流；人工三角瓣；计算流体力学     

Sonication of Antibiotic Loaded Cement Spacers: A Valuable Technique for Detection of Infection Persistence in Two-stage Revision for Infected Joint Arthroplasty

We evaluated the diagnostic utility of sonication of antibiotic loaded cement spacers comparing with periprosthetic tissue cultures for the detection of persisting infection in 14 patients undergoing staged procedures. Sonication improved microbial detection of intraoperative cultures from 14.2% to 28.5% (P = 0.481). Routine sonication of spacers is recommended.