Trends in Induced Abortions in Greece: A Cross-sectional Study

Study ObjectiveTeenage pregnancies and associated induced abortions represent an important public health issue. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, the time trends, and associated factors of teenage induced abortions in Greece.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted between 2018 and 2019.SettingThird Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.ParticipantsAll pregnant women who underwent a second trimester anomaly scan were eligible for the study.Interventions and Main Outcome MeasuresEpidemiological characteristics were recorded and 5 age groups were created. Trends in the rates of teenage induced abortions were analyzed and we compared several parameters between women with and without history of abortions.ResultsOverall, 3370 women were eligible and agreed to participate in the study. The prevalence of women who reported a history of at least 1 abortion at 15-19 years was 9.7% (n = 328/3370). The abortion rates across the 5 age groups were: 20-24: 7.5%; 25-29: 8.4%; 30-34: 8.2%; 35-39: 12%; and 40 years and older: 13.9%. Moreover, a history of 1 or more teenage abortions was more common in multiparous women (58.2% vs 46.5%; P < .001; odds ratio, 1.605; 95% confidence interval, 1.274-2.022) and in current smokers (27.4% vs 11%; P < .001; odds ratio, 3.066; 95% confidence interval, 2.346-4.008).ConclusionA significant decline in the teenage induced abortion rates was identified in the study population. A history of teenage induced abortion was associated with smoking and multiparity. More efforts are needed to provide appropriate education on effective contraception and family planning.     

Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in Swiss teenagers with appendicular fractures: a prospective study of 100 cases

Background

The significance of subclinical vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of fractures in children and adolescents currently remains unclear.

Objective

We aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and its effect on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) values in a collective of Swiss Caucasian children with a first episode of appendicular fracture.

Design and methods

One hundred teenagers with a first episode of appendicular fracture [50 upper limb fractures (group 1) and 50 lower limb fractures (group 2)] and 50 healthy controls (group 3) were recruited into a cross-sectional study. The BMC and BMD values were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was assessed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays.

Results

From the 100 injured teenagers in the study, 12 % had deficient vitamin D levels (<20 ng/mL; <50 nmol/L) and 36 % had insufficient levels (≥20 <30 ng/mL; ≥50 <78 nmol/L), whereas 6 and 34 % of healthy controls were, respectively, vitamin D deficient and insufficient. There were no significant differences for serum 25(OH)D levels, L2–L4 BMD Z-score, and L2–L4 BMC Z-score variables (p = 0.216) between the three groups nor for the calcaneal BMD Z-score variables (p = 0.278) between healthy controls and lower limb fracture victims. Investigations on the influences of serum 25(OH)D on BMD and BMC showed no correlation between serum 25(OH)D and L2–L4 BMD Z-scores (r = −0.15; p = 0.135), whereas low but significant inverse correlations were, surprisingly, detected between serum 25(OH)D and calcaneal BMD Z-scores (r = −0.21; p = 0.034) and between serum 25(OH)D and L2–L4 BMC Z-scores (r = −0.22; p = 0.029).

Conclusions

A significant proportion of Swiss Caucasian teenagers were vitamin D insufficient, independent of limb fracture status, in our study. However, this study failed to show an influence of low vitamin D status on BMD and/or BMC of the lumbar spine and heel.     

Traverser l’institution de soins au temps fragile de l’adolescence

By exposing on the institutional level the sufferings of his present, the adolescent talks to us about his history, the damaged, destroyed or uninhabited links which mark out his life trajectory and arise in this “meantime” of his existence in so many painful shards in the internal world of his psyche and in the body. During their journey through the care institution, we work with these adolescents and their families, in this space-time, on what could help to reduce the internal breaking lines so that they can again start moving their subjective capacities to think and act in the world. Our work ethic is based on the specific capacity of each institutional actor to deploy his/her containing psychic envelopes around young patients; symbolized deployment of the containing function by the time to think about the care for the caregiver, the time to consent to it in a safe way for the adolescent, then for the latter the time once again acceptable to explore the field of possibilities.     

社会支持及对社会支持利用度与青少年抑郁症关系的回顾性病例对照研究

目的分析社会支持及对社会支持的利用度与青少年抑郁症发生的关系,为青少年抑郁的防控提供参考依据。方法以120例青少年抑郁症患者为病例组,以154例非抑郁症青少年为对照组,采用回顾性病例对照研究设计,分析社会支持与青少年抑郁症的关系。社会支持的评估采用社会支持评定量表（SSRS）,统计分析采用成组设计资料的 t 检验。结果病例组主观支持得分、客观支持得分、支持利用度得分和社会支持总得分均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均 P〈0.001）。结论社会支持及对社会支持的利用度与青少年抑郁症的发生有明显关系。     

青少年慢性病患者药物素养的研究进展

药物治疗是青少年慢性病患者主要的治疗方式,药物素养不足不仅会降低其用药依从性,甚至可能导致用药不良事件的发生。该文从青少年慢性病患者药物素养的概念、现状、药物素养不足的危害、相关影响因素及干预策略等方面进行综述,旨在为提高患者的药物素养、保障用药安全提供参考。     

离异家庭对青少年应对方式及人际信任的影响

目的探讨离异家庭对青少年应对方式及人际信任的影响。方法选取唐山市职业教育中心的125名学生用特质应对方式量表及人际信任量表进行测量。结果离异家庭与非离异家庭对青少年在应对方式的积极应对因子上存在显著性差异（t=-2.469,P〈0.01）;离异家庭与非离异家庭对青少年在人际信任因子上无显著性差异（t=1.585,P〉0.05）。结论非离异家庭的青少年比离异家庭的青少年更倾向于积极应对;离异家庭与非离异家庭对青少年的人际信任并无显著影响。     

Quality of life of adolescents with end-stage renal disease and kidney transplant

The health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of adolescents with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is an important marker of disease burden. Our aims were to investigate HRQOL in a group of children and adolescents with ESRD and to compare them with the reference population norms. Ours was a cross-sectional study of 81 patients aged 10 years to 21 years with ESRD (68 with kidney transplants and 13 on dialysis) at five Spanish paediatric nephrology centres. HRQOL was investigated with the Spanish version of the child health and illness profile, adolescent edition (CHIP-AE). Clinical variables such as underlying diagnosis, number of rejection episodes, pre-emptive transplantation, anaemia and height were also analysed. No differences were found between patients with kidney transplants and their healthy peers in any domain or sub-domain of CHIP-AE. The group on dialysis scored lower than healthy controls and patients with transplants for satisfaction with health. Discomfort was higher in patients with transplants who had suffered one rejection episode. Physical discomfort was increased in anaemic patients with transplants. Short patients scored less in the satisfaction domain, with lower self-esteem and lower satisfaction with health. Adolescents with kidney transplants had better satisfaction with health than the group on dialysis, which matched the level of a healthy population. Further long-term prospective research is warranted. The work was carried out at the Divisions of Paediatric Nephrology of the following hospitals in Spain: Central de Asturias (Oviedo), Clínico de Santiago, Infantil La Paz (Madrid), Miguel Servet (Zaragoza) and Cruces (Bilbao)     

大理白族自治州青少年对艾滋病认知度调查分析

目的:调查大理白族自治州的青少年对艾滋病的认知程度,为预防和控制该地区艾滋病提供参考。方法:随机抽样方法选取大理白族自治州的1500名青少年作为调查对象,采取自行设计的艾滋病认知调查表进行对其艾滋病认知度的调查,包括艾滋病相关知识、相关行为和性行为等情况。结果:男性青少年对艾滋病的知晓率为61.5%,女性青少年对艾滋病的知晓率为61.1%,两性差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。认为艾滋病是传染性疾病占58.7%,害怕或者恐惧艾滋病占50.0%,愿意与艾滋病感染患者交往占46.7%,了解艾滋病的病原体占40.0%,知道艾滋病病毒入侵人体哪个系统占26.7%,知道世界艾滋病日占50.0%,愿意接受艾滋病病毒检测占60.0%。发生性行为占58.7%,性行为时采取保护措施中使用安全套占26.7%,口服避孕药占26.7%,阴道冲洗占6.6%。性行为安全套使用情况中每次使用占13.3%,经常使用占7.3%,偶尔使用占6.0%,不使用占73.3%。结论:大理白族自治州的青少年对艾滋病的认知程度普遍较低,并对艾滋病存在认识不足的情况,应采取针对性的控制措施和加强健康知识的教育。