微创和传统开放后路腰椎椎间融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病的远期预后

目的探讨微创后路腰椎椎间融合术(MIS-PLIF)和传统开放PLIF对腰椎退行性疾病(LDD)远期疗效及安全性的影响。方法 2011年1月-2014年12月收治LDD患者182例,其中96例采用传统开放PLIF治疗(PLIF组),86例采用MIS-PLIF治疗(MIS-PLIF组)。比较2组腰椎矢状位参数、多裂肌横截面积及萎缩率、融合率、疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)及术后并发症发生情况,分析多裂肌萎缩率与顽固性腰背痛的相关性。结果 2组术后各随访时间点椎间隙高度恢复值和节段性前凸角恢复值差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。2组术后1年腰椎前凸角恢复值差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);但术后5年和末次随访时,MIS-PLIF组腰椎前凸角恢复值显著高于PLIF组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。MIS-PLIF组术后各随访时间点多裂肌横截面积大于PLIF组,多裂肌萎缩率低于PLIF组,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。2组术后随访6个月融合率差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。2组术后各随访时间点下肢痛VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);MIS-PLIF组术后各随访时间点腰痛VAS评分、JOA评分及ODI均优于PLIF组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。MIS-PLIF组顽固性腰背痛发生率显著低于PLIF组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。合并顽固性腰背痛患者多裂肌萎缩率高于未合并顽固性腰背痛的患者,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论术后多裂肌萎缩可能是导致顽固性腰背痛的重要原因,相较于传统开放PLIF,MIS-PLIF治疗LDD能够更有效地保持腰椎生理曲度,改善肢体活动功能,降低多裂肌萎缩程度,有助于避免顽固性腰背痛的发生。     

Surgical treatment of four segment lumbar spondylolysis: A case report

BACKGROUNDFour-level lumbar spondylolysis is extremely rare. So far, only 1 case has been reported in the literature. CASE SUMMARYA 19-year-old man presented with severe back pain irresponsive to conservative therapies for 2 years. Lumbar radiographs and two-dimensional computed tomography scan showed four segment lumbar spondylolysis on both sides of L2-L5. Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging showed normal signal in all lumbar discs. Because daily activities were severely limited, surgery was recommended for the case. The patient underwent four-level bilateral isthmic repair at L2-L5. During surgery, L2-L5 isthmi were curetted bilaterally, freshened, and then grafted with autologous iliac bone that was bridged and compressed with a pedicular screw connected to a sub-laminar hook by a short rod. The symptoms of back pain almost disappeared. He has been followed-up for 96 mo, and his symptoms have never recurred. Fusion was found in all repaired isthmi 14 mo after surgery according to evaluation of lumbar radiography and computed tomography scan.CONCLUSIONWe report here 1 case of four-level lumbar spondylolysis that was treated successfully with direct isthmic repair.     

Postural balance and oculomotor control are influenced by neck kinaesthetic functions in elite ice hockey players

BackgroundResearch indicates that neck kinaesthetic awareness plays an important role in oculomotor and balance control, however the relationship has not been studied in athletes. As performance in ice hockey demands visual perception acuity during skating, while constantly shifting between unilateral and bilateral stances in sports specific posture more in-depth relationship should be studied.Research questionWhat is the relationship between neck kinaesthetic awareness, postural balance and eye movement control in professional ice hockey players and non-trained individuals?MethodsIn this observational study, centre-of-pressure was measured using force plate in twenty-eight hockey players and thirty non-trained participants during different stances in eyes-opened and eyes-closed conditions. Butterfly test and Head-to-Neutral Relocation test were performed to assess neck kinaesthesia. Horizontal smooth pursuit eye movements were measured using video-oculography. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship between neck kinaesthesia, body sway and oculomotor control.ResultsTime-on-target in Butterfly test was able to predict low to medium proportions of variance in amplitude and velocity parameters for single leg stances in hockey players (R² = .220–.698). Head-to-Neutral Relocation test was able to predict low to medium proportion of variance in average eye movement velocity during first 100 milliseconds of smooth pursuit initiation for both groups (R² = .262–.541).SignificanceFindings from our study suggest that cervical spine afferent input plays an important role in maintaining unilateral postural balance in hockey players, with less evidence presented in controls. Sports specific posture or upper body loading could lead to adaptations in neck proprioception, not frequently considered when searching for balance related injury risk factors or performance deficits. Our study suggests, that in addition to balance control, neck kinaesthesia can also affect oculomotor performance which was present in both groups. This is especially evident when initiating changes in eye movement direction.     

以就业为导向的脊柱相关疾病的推拿教学策略

目的培养脊柱及相关疾病推拿治疗的应用型人才。方法采用编写应用型教材、把教室转移到诊室和示教室、教材-案例“逼真”教学法、创造学生在临床真实环境下的动手操作机会和产-学-研相结合教学法等手段和方法,在内容改革上纳入目前医院和社会机构多使用的规划教材之外的手法技术、现代康复技术和世界各地的脊柱手法技术,拓宽知识面,与临床应用接轨;发挥考试的导向功能,通过改革考试和评价方法,切实培养应用型人才。结果教学效果良好,有效提升了学生临床适应能力和社会生存能力。结论以就业为导向的脊柱及相关疾病的推拿教学模式值得进一步探索。     

A Pre-implementation Study of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for Same-day Planning and Treatment of Vertebral Bone Metastases Within a Rapid-access Palliative Radiotherapy Programme

AimsWe aimed to develop a process for same-day contouring, planning, quality assurance and delivery of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for vertebral bone metastases within our institution's rapid-access palliative radiotherapy programme.Materials and methodsTwo thoracic (T6–7, T3–7) and two lumbar (L2–3, L1–5) targets were contoured on computed tomography images acquired from an anthropomorphic phantom and five patient scans. Inverse planning aimed to provide coverage of a prescribed dose of 8 Gy with a combined lung V2Gy < 25% and a combined kidney mean dose <2 Gy. Serial plans were created to identify an efficient combination of six main planning variables specific to our treatment planning system: (i) voxel size (3 mm versus 5 mm), (ii) Monte Carlo statistical uncertainty (1% per calculation versus 3% per control point), (iii) fluence smoothing (medium versus high), (iv) number of iterations of segment shape changes during optimisation (1 versus 5), (v) dose calculation algorithm (Monte Carlo versus pencil beam) and (vi) number of arcs (single versus multiple). Contouring, planning, quality assurance and treatment delivery were timed.ResultsThe combination of planning variables deemed efficient and appropriate was: a 3 mm voxel size, statistical uncertainty of 1% per calculation, medium fluence smoothing, five iterations of segment shape changes, Monte Carlo dose calculation and single full arc delivery. Patient scan contouring times ranged from 7 to 9 min (T6–7), 11–13 min (T3–7), 5–7 min (L2–3) and 8–10 min (L1–5) and planning times ranged from 9 to 15 min (T6–7), 13–25 min (T3–7), 18–25 min (L2–3) and 21–31 min (L1–5). Physics quality assurance times ranged from 15 to 21 min and beam-on times ranged from 3 to 6 min.ConclusionsThe combined elements of VMAT for thoracic and lumbar vertebral bone metastases were completed in under 2 h. This new process makes same-day contouring, planning, quality assurance and treatment delivery of VMAT feasible within our rapid-access palliative radiotherapy programme.     

基于《医学六要》补肝汤辨证加味治疗腰椎间盘突出症回顾分析

目的:分析基于明代医家张三锡《医学六要》补肝汤辨证加味在腰椎间盘突出症中的治疗价值,以此对《医学六要》补肝思想进行继承创新。方法:对湖南省中医药研究院附属医院、湘潭市中医医院、北京中医药大学深圳医院2008年8月—2019年12月采取张三锡补肝汤辨证加味治疗的9741例腰椎间盘突出症患者,进行回顾性分析。结果:优3791例,良3740例,可1228例,差982例,总有效率达89.92%。各疾病分型及中医证型疗效情况如下。①膨出型腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效最好,其次为中央突出型,脱出游离型疗效相对最差;②突出物在a域以内者临床疗效最好、其次为在b域以内者,突出物达到d域者疗效相对最差;③以寒湿型和血瘀型的临床疗效最好,不在《中医病证诊断疗效标准》中列出的其他型疗效相对最差;④以单纯L5~S1为责任节段的临床疗效最好,双节段或多节段椎间盘突出者疗效相对最差;⑤以单纯出现下肢症状和(或)体征者临床疗效最好、其次为单纯腰部出现症状和(或)体征,腰部和腿部同时出现症状和(或)体征者疗效相对最差;⑥病程以≤7天者疗效最好,≥3年者疗效相对最差。基于《医学六要》补肝汤辨证加味在腰椎间盘突出症的治疗应用上安全有效。结论:基于《医学六要》补肝汤辨证加味可用于指导腰椎间盘突出症的临床治疗,应对该补肝思想进行深入研究和继承创新。     

放松功辅助治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效观察

目的:观察放松功辅助治疗腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)的临床疗效。方法:2018年5月至11月于上海市气功研究所医疗门诊部收集63例LDH患者,将其随机分为治疗组(32例)与对照组(31例)。治疗组予以电针结合放松功治疗,对照组仅给予电针治疗,两组电针治疗频率均为每周2次,治疗组放松功习练频率为每天1次,每次约20min,两种治疗方法均连续治疗3个月。治疗前后,利用VAS评分、CODI指数、表面肌电指标进行临床疗效评定。结果:治疗组有效率为90.3%(28/31),对照组有效率为83.3%(25/30)。治疗后,治疗组VAS评分显著低于同期对照组(P<0.05),治疗组患侧与健侧多裂肌MF值均高于对照组同侧(P<0.05)。结论:放松功在改善LDH患者疼痛与腰部肌肉疲劳度方面疗效明显,值得进行临床推广应用。     

A guide to assessing post-operative complications following en bloc spinal resection

En-bloc resection of spinal tumours is a complex procedure with significant morbidity and mortality. The extensive resection leaves a large soft tissue and osseous defect requiring reconstruction. Following en-bloc resection, there may be complications relating to both the removal of the tumour and the subsequent reconstruction. This paper outlines the imaging appearances of the frequently encountered complications in our experience. The primary aim is to improve the confidence of the radiologist when reporting imaging following spinal en-bloc resection, however we believe this is also useful for the spinal and orthopaedic surgeons in assessing the patients following en block resection.