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1.
BackgroundIncreased hip adduction and internal rotation can lead to excessive patellofemoral joint stress and contribute to patellofemoral pain development. The gluteus maximus acts as a hip extensor, abductor, and external rotator. Improving hip extensor use by increasing one’s forward trunk lean in the sagittal plane may improve frontal and transverse plane hip kinematics during stair ascent.Research questionDoes increasing forward trunk lean during stair ascent affect peak hip adduction and internal rotation?MethodsTwenty asymptomatic females performed five stair ascent trials (96 steps/min) on an instrumented stair using their self-selected and forward trunk lean postures. Three-dimensional kinematics (200 Hz) and kinetics (2000 Hz) were recorded during the stance phase of stair ascent. Biomechanical dependent variables were calculated during the stance phase of stair ascent and included peak forward trunk lean, hip flexion, hip adduction, hip internal rotation angles, and the average hip extensor moment.ResultsDuring the forward trunk lean condition, decreases were observed for peak hip adduction (MD = 2.8˚; 95% CI = 1.9, 3.8; p < 0.001) and peak hip internal rotation (MD = 1.1˚; 95% CI = 0.1, 2.2; p = 0.04). In contrast, increases were observed during the forward trunk lean condition for the peak forward trunk lean angle (MD = −34.7˚; 95% CI = −39.1, −30.3; p < 0.001), average hip extensor moment (MD = −0.5 N·m/kg; 95% CI = −0.5, −0.4; p < 0.001), and stance time duration (MD = −0.02 s; 95% CI = −0.04, 0.00; p = 0.017).SignificanceIncreasing forward trunk lean and hip extensor use during stair ascent decreased peak hip adduction and internal rotation in asymptomatic females. Future studies should examine the effects of increasing forward trunk lean on hip kinematics, self-reported pain, and function in individuals with patellofemoral pain.  相似文献   
2.
Traditionally, surgical management of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) and orbital fractures occurs within two to three weeks of the injury, followed by an overnight admission to allow for extended eye observations. This is due to the risk of postoperative retrobulbar haemorrhage (RBH) or orbital compartment syndrome (OCS), a rapidly progressive and sight threatening emergency that requires immediate intervention. In September 2016 the oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) department at Leeds Teaching Hospitals redesigned their trauma service with a full-time trauma consultant, a dedicated clinic, and a weekly morning elective trauma theatre list. This allowed for standardisation of the management of patients with OMFS injuries. Furthermore, a formal day-case ZMC and orbital fracture pathway was developed to allow patients to undergo surgical management of such fractures with a same-day discharge. This has since been identified as an area of excellence by the Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) programme, and is in line with the addition of ZMC and orbital fractures to the procedural list written by the British Association of Day Case Surgery (BADS). Unbeknown to the unit, the volume of day-case procedures was the highest within the UK, demonstrating the importance of GIRFT in highlighting areas of good or unique practice. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of our day-case pathway and designated OMFS trauma service on compliance with recent recommendations by GIRFT and BADS. Secondly, it was to determine the safety of same-day discharge with regards to postoperative complications.  相似文献   
3.
BackgroundPost-operative elderly hip fracture patients require significant rehabilitation. Nandrolone is an anabolic steroid used to promote muscle growth. This study aims to examine the effect of nandrolone in improving rehabilitation and quality of life in elderly female patients with hip fractures undergoing hemiarthroplasty.MethodsThis is a double-blinded prospective randomized-controlled-trial consisting of female patients above the age of 65 with an isolated neck of femur fracture planned for a hip hemiarthroplasty. Participants were randomized into two arms of the study – 50 mg intramuscular nandrolone vs normal saline placebo administered on post-operative day 0, and weeks 2, 6 and 12. The participants were followed up across a 1-year period following the surgery. Clinical outcomes such as time taken to achieve rehabilitation milestones, distance of ambulation and thigh muscle girth, and functional scoring with SF-36 questionnaire were recorded at intervals of 2, 6 and 12 weeks, 6 months and 1 year following the surgery.ResultsThere were a total of 23 subjects with 11 in the steroid group and 12 in the placebo group. There was no significant difference in demographics and injury patterns between both groups. There was no significant difference for time taken to achieve various rehabilitation milestones and distance of ambulation. SF-36 scores on discharge and at 1-year follow-up mark were comparable. There was no difference in the complication rate between both groups.ConclusionIntra-muscular Nandrolone after hip surgery in elderly female patients does not result in short to mid-term improved rehabilitation or functional outcomes. Nandrolone did not result in increased short-term complications after hip surgery.Level of evidenceI.  相似文献   
4.
《Human immunology》2022,83(1):1-9
The class I and class II Human Leucocyte Antigens (HLA) are an integral part of the host adaptive immune system against viral infections. The characterization of HLA allele frequency in the population can play an important role in determining whether HLA antigens contribute to viral susceptibility. In this regard, global efforts are currently underway to study possible correlations between HLA alleles with the occurrence and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Specifically, this study examined the possible association between specific HLA alleles and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in a population from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The frequencies of HLA class I (HLA-A, -B, and -C) and HLA class II alleles (HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1); defined using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS); from 115 UAE nationals with mild, moderate, and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection are presented here. HLA alleles and supertypes were compared between hospitalized and non-hospitalized subjects. Statistical significance was observed between certain HLA alleles and supertypes and the severity of the infection. Specifically, alleles HLA-B*51:01 and HLA-A*26:01 showed a negative association (suggestive of protection), whilst genotypes HLA-A*03:01, HLA-DRB1*15:01, and supertype B44 showed a positive association (suggestive of predisposition) to COVID-19 severity. The results support the potential use of HLA testing to differentiate between patients who require specific clinical management strategies.  相似文献   
5.
目的 单糖是病原菌的重要组成成分,不同类型的病原菌具有不同的单糖特征。本研究拟通过高效液相色谱法测定腹膜透析液中单糖的水平,探讨单糖检测对腹膜炎及引起腹膜炎的病原菌的诊断价值。方法 收集2020年10月01日至2021年10月31日到青岛大学附属医院西海岸肾病科住院的腹膜透析患者的腹膜透析液样本90例,其中包括无腹膜炎样本52个,腹膜炎样本38个,腹膜炎样本中革兰阳性菌腹膜炎腹透液样本24个,革兰阴性菌腹膜炎腹透液样本14个。利用高效液相色谱法测定所有样本中降解的甘露糖、葡萄糖、岩藻糖浓度,比较无腹膜炎组腹透液样本与革兰阳性菌腹膜炎组、革兰阴性菌腹膜炎组腹透液样本在甘露糖、葡萄糖、岩藻糖水平上的差异;采用Logistic回归分析各单糖水平与腹膜炎发生的关系,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估各单糖水平对腹膜炎不同病原菌的诊断价值。 结果 3组各单糖水平差异有统计学意义( P<0.01)。与无腹膜炎组相比,腹膜炎组的葡萄糖浓度和岩藻糖浓度均显著下降( P<0.01)。与革兰阴性菌腹膜炎组相比,革兰阳性菌腹膜炎组甘露糖浓度显著下降( P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析表明,腹膜透析液岩藻糖浓度是腹膜炎发生的独立危险因素( P<0.01);腹膜透析液甘露糖浓度是革兰阳性菌腹膜炎发生的独立危险因素( P<0.01)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,岩藻糖浓度对腹膜炎发生有较高的诊断价值,AUC面积是0.820,95% C I(0.732,0.908),敏感度为71.05%,特异度为84.62%,最佳截断值为3.045 μmol/L。甘露糖浓度对革兰阳性菌腹膜炎有较高的诊断价值,AUC面积是0.863, 95% C I(0.740,0.986),敏感度为78.57%,特异度为83.33%,最佳截断值为0.345 μmol/L。结论 腹膜透析液中降解的岩藻糖浓度是腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎发生的独立危险因素,腹膜透析液中降解的甘露糖浓度是革兰阳性菌腹膜炎发生的独立危险因素。腹膜透析液中岩藻糖浓度显著降低,可以用于提示腹膜炎的发生,腹膜透析液中降解的甘露糖浓度降低对临床上早期诊断革兰阳性菌腹膜炎感染和指导抗生素的选择有一定的诊断价值。  相似文献   
6.
7.
采用静息态功能性磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)数据探究青少年肌阵挛癫痫(JME)患者大尺度脑网络的变化。采集17例JME患者和15名正常志愿者的脑部静息态功能磁共振成像数据,两组均使用偏相关系数构建静息态脑网络。分别计算JME患者组与正常对照组的阈值,构建二值化脑网络。计算两组被试各个脑区的介数值,采用双样本t检验对比两组脑网络介数值的差异(Bonferroni 校正,P<0.01),找出介数值发生显著变化脑区。结果表明,偏相关系数构造的脑网络具有小世界属性。JME患者组脑网络中脑区的介数值相比正常对照组有显著性差异。与正常对照组相比,JME患者组介数值显著降低的脑区有2个,介数值显著升高的脑区有17个。其中属于默认模式网络(DMN)的脑区有8个,属于突显网络(SN)的脑区有5个。JME患者组介数值显著降低的脑区有右侧中央旁小叶和右侧后扣带回,介数值显著增高脑区主要是右侧背外侧额上回、左侧枕中回、右侧楔前叶和右侧舌回等。JME患者介数值发生显著改变的脑区主要属于默认模式网络和突显网络。可以推断出默认模式网络和突显网络内部脑区间连接发生改变,信息传递产生变化。由此可能会导致JME患者大脑功能发生改变,造成患者的认知能力与执行能力等功能受损。  相似文献   
8.
目的构建老年髋部骨折患者围术期营养管理模式,促进患者早手术、早下地、早康复。方法针对老年髋部骨折患者营养管理现状,采用课题研究型品管圈活动进行改进。经过科学循证、专家指导等,从术前、术后及家庭三个环节,骨科、营养科、家庭三个维度,人员、制度、材料设备、方法、信息五个方面,制定三大对策群组并予以实施,包括组建营养支持团队、构建营养管理策略、搭建多维信息交互平台等。结果老年髋部骨折患者首次下地时间缩短为26.7 h,平均住院日缩短为5.6 d,实现了早手术、早下地、早康复的目标。结论对老年髋部骨折患者实施个性化、全流程的序贯性营养干预具有重要意义。后续还需开展大样本多中心研究以进一步验证成效,数据自动采集与智能反馈也是今后研究重点。  相似文献   
9.
目的: 建立金莲花高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,测定其中2个黄酮类成分的含量,并结合化学计量学方法评价其质量。方法: 采用HPLC法,以荭草苷为参照,绘制15批样品的HPLC指纹图谱,采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)》进行相似度评价,并通过SPSS 23.0软件进行聚类分析、主成分分析和偏最小二乘判别分析;采用HPLC测定2个黄酮类成分的含量。结果: 15批样品共确定22个共有峰,除3批短瓣金莲花外,12批金莲花相似度均大于0.9;共指认荭草素-2″-O-β-L-半乳糖苷、荭草苷、牡荆苷、柚皮苷、槲皮素和香叶木素6个共有峰。聚类分析和主成分分析均可将12批金莲花聚为一类,3批短瓣金莲花聚为另一类。偏最小二乘判别分析共筛选出8个差异性标志物。结论: 建立的方法简便可靠,可为金莲花药材质量评价和鉴别提供科学合理的分析方法。  相似文献   
10.
目的探究改良后路小切口髋关节置换术对老年股骨颈骨折患者髋关节功能及术后Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端前肽(PINP)、骨钙素(BGP)、骨特异性磷酸酶(BAP)的影响。方法回顾性选取2018年1月至2019年12月首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院收治的110例老年股骨颈骨折行髋关节置换术的患者为研究对象。按照采取的置换术入路方式不同分为髋关节前入路组(对照组)和改良小切口入路组(观察组),每组各55例。观察比较两组患者围手术期指标,术前术后Harris评分变化及血清PINP、BGP、BAP含量水平变化情况,两组治疗优良率、并发症等指标。结果观察组患者的切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后1 d VAS评分、术后下地时间分别为(13.08±1.26)cm、(99.43±15.48)min、(162.59±25.29)mL、(4.48±1.04)分、(1.93±0.69)d,均低于对照组[(15.42±1.38)cm、(101.39±14.44)min、(173.84±25.29)mL、(6.42±1.04)分、(2.73±0.64)d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1个月观察组患者PINP、BAP、BGP含量水平分别为(1024.39±89.21)pg/L、(40.87±4.92)ng/mL,(9.77±1.42)ng/mL,高于对照组患者[(848.72±53.46)pg/L、(33.54±4.76)ng/mL,(8.58±1.03)ng/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1、6个月,观察组患者Harris评分分别为(79.76±6.36)、(85.46±7.03)分,高于对照组[(71.27±8.93)、(79.68±7.92)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者治疗优良率为90.91%,高于对照组的76.36%,观察组并发症率为5.45%,低于对照组的12.73%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良后路小切口髋关节置换术对老年股骨颈骨折患者髋关节功能恢复更快,能更好地改善围手术期不良指标,减少并发症发生,并提高骨代谢相关因子表达水平,有利于患者恢复。  相似文献   
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