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排序方式: 共有87条查询结果,搜索用时 20 毫秒
1.
Cerebral collaterals is crucially important in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke and associated with outcome after reperfusion therapy. We explored the effectiveness of collateral augmentation treatment with a combination of acetazolamide (ACZ) and head-down tilt (HDT) in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. Transient MCAO was induced in all animals for 1.5 h, followed by reperfusion for 22.5 h. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were divided into four treatment groups: control, ACZ, HDT, and combination. Twenty sham rats, which underwent surgery, were randomly allocated to these groups. Twenty-four hours after MCAO or sham surgery, we measured the infarction volume, brain edema (aquaporin-4 [AQP4], and brain water content), and neurological deficits (Garcia and Longa tests). Collateral augmentation treatments were associated with reduced infarction volume, less brain edema, and better neurological outcomes compared with untreated animals. More specifically, ACZ and HDT treatments resulted in small infarction volumes, and HDT was associated with a low AQP4 expression and improved neurological score, while the combination of ACZ and HDT improved neurological scores and reduced brain water content. This study shows that collateral augmentation treatments are associated with a better stroke prognosis compared with untreated animals after transient MCAO. The combination of ACZ and HDT seems to have some synergistic effect, but was not proven to be superior to HDT treatment alone. 相似文献
2.
Maló P Nobre Mde A Petersson U Wigren S 《Clinical implant dentistry and related research》2006,8(4):223-232
Background: The current investigation focuses on new implant designs for increased predictability in clinically demanding situations. Microtextured implant surfaces create favorable conditions for enhanced osseointegration of dental implants compared to implants with a smooth surface, and the macroscopic implant design may influence implant stability. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical performance of a novel implant design in the rehabilitation of completely edentulous jaws and in combination with an immediate function protocol. Materials and Methods: Forty‐six consecutive patients received 189 study implants (NobelSpeedyTM concept implant, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) supporting 53 full‐arch all‐acrylic prostheses (44 maxilla, 9 mandible). The majority (66%) of the reconstructions were supported by four implants, of which the two posterior implants were tilted. All patients were followed for a minimum of 1 year. Radiographic assessment of the marginal bone level was performed. Results: Two implants were lost in two patients, rendering a 1‐year cumulative clinical survival rate of 98.9%. The marginal bone level was, on average, situated 1.2 ± 0.7 mm below the implant‐abutment interface after 1 year of loading. Good soft tissue health and overall esthetic outcome was reported. Conclusions: The results of the present pilot study indicate that fully edentulous jaws with various types of bone can be treated with high success and good esthetics using immediately loaded implants with the presented design, and that favorable marginal bone levels can be maintained. 相似文献
3.
Vanessa Cristina Miranda Takahagi Daniela Caetano Costa Júlio César Crescêncio Louren?o Gallo Junior 《Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia》2014,102(3):288-294
Background
Characterized as a sudden and temporary loss of consciousness and postural tone, with quick and spontaneous recovery, syncope is caused by an acute reduction of systemic arterial pressure and, therefore, of cerebral blood flow. Unsatisfactory results with the use of drugs allowed the nonpharmacological treatment of neurocardiogenic syncope was contemplated as the first therapeutic option.Objectives
To compare, in patients with neurocardiogenic syncope, the impact of a moderate intensity aerobic physical training (AFT) and a control intervention on the positivity of head-up tilting test (HUT) and orthostatic tolerance time.Methods
Were studied 21 patients with a history of recurrent neurocardiogenic syncope and HUT. The patients were randomized into: trained group (TG), n = 11, and control group (CG), n = 10. The TG was submitted to 12 weeks of AFT supervised, in cycle ergometer, and the CG to a control procedure that consisted in 15 minutes of stretching and 15 minutes of light walk.Results
The TG had a positive effect to physical training, with a significant increase in peak oxygen consumption. The CG did not show any statistically significant change before and after the intervention. After the intervention period, 72.7% of the TG sample had negative results to the HUT, not having syncope in the revaluation.Conclusion
The program of supervised aerobic physical training for 12 weeks was able to reduce the number of positive HUT, as it was able to increase tolerance time in orthostatic position during the HUT after the intervention period. 相似文献4.
J. L. Srensen E. N. Hauge H. Wroblewski F. Biering-Srensen 《Clinical physiology and functional imaging》1994,14(3):281-289
Summary. In a methodological study including 14 paraplegics and seven normal controls cutaneous and subcutaneous blood flow rates were investigated by 133Xenon wash-out after atraumatic labelling. In paraplegics, areas suffering pressure sores were included. The method was found applicable for the authors' purposes. In seven paraplegics median (95% confidence limits) cutaneous blood flow was 5–2 (2–4–8–5) ml (100 g min)“1 and subcutaneous 4–3 (2–0–13–2) ml (100 g min)-1. This did not differ from normal controls. In seven paraplegics with ischial pressure sores a trend for increased cutaneous blood-flow rates from areas adjacent to sores was obvious (P= 0–06). During 704 head-up tilt, elimination-rate constants were reduced by a factor of 0–54 (0–50–0–70). A proximal blockade or infiltration of the 133Xenon depots with lidocaine did not inhibit employment of the method. The proximal block did not alter the local blood flow rate, but infiltration increased it in both paraplegics and normal individuals. Intra- and interdepot coefficients of variation were about 11% and 40% respectively. Interindividual coefficients of variation varied between 25% and 46%. 相似文献
5.
Millet C Custaud MA Allevard AM Zaouali-Ajina M Monk TH Arnaud SB Claustrat B Gharib C Gauquelin-Koch G 《European journal of applied physiology》2001,85(1-2):74-81
We investigated in six men the impact of a 17-day head-down bed rest (HDBR) on the circadian rhythms of the hormones and
electrolytes involved in hydroelectrolytic regulation. This HDBR study was designed to mimic an actual spaceflight. Urine
samples were collected at each voiding before, during and after HDBR. Urinary excretion of aldosterone, arginine vasopressin
(AVP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), cortisol, electrolytes (Na+ and K+) and creatinine were determined. HDBR resulted in a significant reduction of body mass (P<0.01) and of caloric intake [mean (SEM) 2,778 (37) kcal·24 h–1 to 2,450 (36) kcal·24 h–1, where 1 kcal·h–1=1.163 J·s–1; P<0.01]. There was a significant increase in diastolic blood pressure [71.8 (0.7) mmHg vs 75.6 (0.91) mmHg], with no significant
changes in either systolic blood pressure or heart rate. The nocturnal hormonal decrease of aldosterone was clearly evident
only before and after HDBR, but the day/night difference did not appear during HDBR. The rhythm of K+ excretion was unchanged during HDBR, whereas for Na+ excretion, a large decrease was shown during the night as compared to the day. The circadian rhythm of cortisol persisted.
These data suggest that exposure to a 17-day HDBR could induce an exaggeration of the amplitude of the Na+ rhythm and abolition of the aldosterone rhythm.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
6.
Zahariev A Bergouignan A Caloin M Normand S Gauquelin-Koch G Gharib C Blanc S 《European journal of applied physiology》2005,95(4):344-350
Because body composition is altered during head-down bed rest (HDBR), body mass can not be used as an index of energy balance.
Consequently diet allowances should not be based on body mass evolution but on fat mass changes. Though criticized, skinfold
thickness (ST) is the costless, easiest and fastest method to use for such an objective. The aim of this study was to compare
the percentage of body fat (%BF) estimated by ST with the isotope dilution of H218O. We compiled data from three HDBR campaigns, one on women (n=8) in November 1998 and two on the same men (n=8) in December 1997 (without countermeasure) and January 1998 (with thigh-cuffs countermeasure), according to a crossover
design. Body composition was assessed before and after 6 days of HDBR. %BF was derived from the biceps, triceps, sub-scapular
and sup-iliac ST according to Durnin and Wormersly (1974). Fat-free mass was measured on the same day by H218O dilution and fat mass was calculated by the difference with body mass and expressed as a percentage. Based on precision
tests, the minimum measurable change by ST was 1.1%BF for single measurement point. Both intercepts (F
4,30=0.89, P=0.45) and slopes (F
4,30=0.74; P=0.57) of the ST versus dilution relationships were not affected by the periods (December vs January), experimental conditions
(control vs HDBR vs HDBR + thigh cuffs) or sex allowing the derivation of a common relationship %BFst=0.94 × %BFdil (F
1,47=97.9, P<0.0001; non-significant intercept excluded) with a bias between methods of −1.7±2.0 %BF (95% CI: −5.8, 2.4 %BF). ST can be
used to measure %BF during HDBR provided great care is placed on training and changes are higher than 1.1 %BF. If the method
can be applied for in-flight energy balance monitoring given the high observed energy deficit, a tight monitoring of the individual
nutritional status as needed during simulation appears, however, dubious based on this solely method. 相似文献
7.
A. Maillet A. Pavy-Le Traon A. M. Allevard D. Sigaudo R. L. Hughson C. Gharib G. Gauquelin 《European journal of applied physiology》1994,68(6):497-503
Endocrine regulation of hormones and electrolytes during 37.5 h of –6° head down tilt (HDT) was studied in 13 men. The acute effects of simulated weightlessness are today well documented, but no study has been made concerning the hormone changes between 12 h and 2 days of HDT. Plasma volume showed a maximal increase of 9.23 (SEM 1.97) % after 6.5 h (P<0.01) and had returned to prestudy levels after 13.5 h of HDT. From 1.5 h to 4 h of HDT, C-terminus and N-terminus atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations in plasma were increased by about 50% (P<0.01) and thereafter declined to pre-HDT levels. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was decreased by 47% (P<0.05) after 4 h of HDT; PRA increased after 23.5 h to 60%; noradrenaline concentration decreased immediately and remained low up to 37.5 h. Diuresis and natriuresis were evident during the 1st day of HDT, resulting in a marked increase in the urinary Na+. These results showed that the initial hormone (ANP, PRA) changes during HDT did not last more than 13.5 h and that after 24 h a new state would seem to have been established to adapt the body to hypovolaemia. 相似文献
8.
Victor A. Convertino Karen L. Mathes Mary L. Lasley Clare M. Tomaselli Mary A. B. Frey G. Wyckliffe Hoffler 《European journal of applied physiology》1993,67(6):492-498
Hemodynamic, cardiac, and hormonal responses to lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) were examined in 24 healthy men to test the hypothesis that responsiveness of reflex control of blood pressure during orthostatic challenge is associated with interactions between strength and aerobic power. Subjects underwent treadmill tests to determine peak oxygen uptake (
O2max) and isokinetic dynamometer tests to determine knee extensor strength. Based on predetermined criteria, subjects were classified into one of four fitness profiles of six subjects each, matched for age, height, and body mass: (a) low strength/average aerobic fitness, (b) low strength/high aerobic fitness, (c) high strength/average aerobic fitness, and (d) high strength/high aerobic fitness. Following 90 min of 0.11 rad (6°) head-down tilt (HDT), each subject underwent graded LBNP to –6.7 kPa or presyncope, with maximal duration 15 min, while hemodynamic, cardiac, and hormonal responses were measured. All groups exhibited typical hemodynamic, hormonal, and fluid shift responses during LBNP, with no intergroup differences between high and low strength characteristics. Subjects with high aerobic power exhibited greater (P < 0.05) stroke volume and lower (P < 0.05) heart rate, vascular peripheral resistance, and mean arterial pressure during rest, HDT, and LBNP. Seven subjects, distributed among the four fitness profiles, became presyncopal. These subjects showed greatest reduction in mean arterial pressure during LBNP, had greater elevations in vasopressin, and lesser increases in heart rate and peripheral resistance. Neither
O2max nor leg strength were associated with fall in arterial pressure or with syncopal episodes. We conclude that interactions between aerobic and strength fitness characteristics do not influence responses to LBNP challenge. 相似文献
9.
Capelli C Antonutto G Cautero M Tam E Ferretti G 《European journal of applied physiology》2008,104(5):909-918
f
H, SV, [Hb], CaO2, O2, MAP and R
P were measured in 10 young subjects at rest and during exercise at 50, 100 and 150 W before and after 14 days of head-down
tilt bed rest (HDTBR) and of ambulatory (AMB) control period. f
H was 18 and 8% higher after HDTBR and AMB, respectively. SV dropped by 15% both after HDTBR and AMB, whereas did not change. After HDTBR, CaO2 decreased at rest (−8%) and at 50 W (−5%), whereas O2 did not change; MAP was 14 and 6% lower at rest and at 100 W and R
P decreased by 23% only at rest. Changes in f
H and SV were larger after HDTBR than after AMB. These results show that, notwhistanding the drop of SV, moderate-intensity
dynamic exercise elicited a normal pressure response after 14 days of HDTBR. 相似文献
10.
P. Müller G. Flesch M. de Gasparo M. Gasparini H. Howald 《European journal of clinical pharmacology》1997,52(6):441-449
Objective: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic effects and tolerability of 200?mg valsartan, once-daily for 8 days, were investigated in 16 healthy, normotensive volunteers on a normal sodium diet. Methods: This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study. Drug concentrations in plasma and urine, angiotensin II (Ang II) concentrations in plasma, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, heart rate (HR) in the supine position and 3?min after passive head-up tilting, as well as safety parameters (ECG, clinical chemistry and hematology, renal water and electrolyte excretion) were measured over 24?h after the first dose (day 1) and at steady state on day 8. Results: Absorption and distribution of valsartan were rapid (Cmax, 2?h; t½λ1?1?h), followed by a slower terminal elimination phase (t½λ2, 6?h) on days 1 and 8, with little accumulation in plasma (increase of 20% on day 8). Less than 10% of the dose was excreted unchanged in urine. The increase in plasma Ang II (Cmax, 6?h) was significantly enhanced at steady state. Supine SBP and DBP significantly decreased on day 8 only, by an average of ?3.6 and ?2.4?mmHg, respectively, versus placebo, without a concomitant increase in HR. Upon passive tilting, the increase in DBP, normally reinforced by sympathetic renin release, was slightly but significantly blunted on day 1 (?2.0?mmHg) and day 8 (?4.0?mmHg) of treatment with valsartan versus placebo. The orthostatic reflex increase in HR was slightly enhanced compared with placebo by an average of 2.8 beats?·?min?1 on day 1 and by 2.9 beats?·?min?1 on day 8. Valsartan was well tolerated and had no influence on ECG, clinical laboratory parameters, and water, electrolyte and uric acid excretion. Conclusions: Pharmacokinetics of valsartan are unchanged after multiple once-daily dosing, with little (expected) accumulation in plasma. Effects of 200?mg valsartan on blood pressure in healthy subjects on a normal sodium intake are small and become more prominent after repeated dosing. Indirect evidence of AT1 blockade by valsartan is demonstrated by an increase of plasma Ang II and by a blunted DBP response to passive tilting. The decrease in blood pressure at steady state enhances the increase in plasma Ang II. Valsartan is well tolerated and is devoid of effects on water, electrolyte and uric acid excretion at 200?mg per day in healthy normotensive volunteers. 相似文献