Z形皮瓣及推进皮瓣修复眼睑缺损的作用探讨

目的探讨眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术中应用Z形皮瓣及推进皮瓣I期修复眼睑缺损的临床效果。方法将50例眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术患者按不同缝合方法分为两组,即对照组25例,术中直接缝合;观察组25例,术中行Z形皮瓣及推进皮瓣I期修复;比较两组眼睑修复效果。结果观察组术后皮瓣成活率96.0%、切口Ⅰ期愈合率100%、修复满意率92.0%,均高于对照组的72.0%、68.0%、56.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术中眼睑缺损修复时,采用Z形皮瓣及推进皮瓣,眼睑修复良好,患者修复满意率高,值得推广应用。     

不同修复方法修复口腔颌面部肿瘤术后缺损的效果比较

目的探讨不同修复方法修复口腔颌面部肿瘤术后缺损的效果。方法选取口腔颌面部肿瘤根治术后缺损患者89例,根据最终选取的修复方案分为A组(n=49)和B组(n=40),A组给予股前外侧嵌合皮瓣修复,B组给予串联皮瓣修复。观察2组手术情况,采用华盛顿大学头颈肿瘤生活质量量表(UW-QOL)对患者术后生活质量进行评价,检测唾液中唾液酸(SA)及癌胚抗原(CEA)水平。结果A组手术时间、胃管拔除时间和经口进食时间分别为(6.30±1.19)h、(19.77±2.81)d和(20.32±2.19)d,明显少于B组(P<0.05);但A组皮瓣制作时间为(1.20±0.28)h,明显多于B组(P<0.05)。A组术后6个月UW-QOL量表中外观、吞咽、咀嚼、言语、肩功能、情绪评分分别为(63.29±4.54)分、(54.93±5.03)分、(47.12±6.02)分、(64.49±4.33)分、(82.20±5.43)分和(75.50±7.20)分,明显高于B组(P<0.05)。A组和B组术后6个月UW-QOL量表中疼痛、活动、娱乐、味觉、唾液及焦虑评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组修复后1个月唾液中SA和CEA分别为(7.29±1.33)ng/dl和(50.04±16.62)ng/ml,明显低于B组(P<0.05)。A组血管危险发生率为2.04%,明显低于B组(P<0.05)。A组和B组感染、皮瓣坏死发生率差异比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论相比较串联皮瓣修复,股前外侧嵌合皮瓣修复口腔颌面部肿瘤根治术后缺损有较好的效果,可以改善患者生活质量。     

Cardiac-type total anomalous pulmonary venous return is not benign

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the association between morphological variation and postsurgical pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis (PPVS) in patients with cardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC).MethodsThis single-center, retrospective study included 168 pediatric patients who underwent surgical repair of cardiac TAPVC from 2013 to 2019 (connection to the coronary sinus [CS], n = 136; connection directly to the right atrium [RA], n = 32). Three-dimensional computed tomography modeling and geometric analysis were performed to investigate the morphological features; their relevance to the PPVS was examined.ResultsThe connection type had no association with PPVS (CS type: 18% vs right atrial type: 19%; P = .89) but there was a higher incidence of PPVS in patients with a single PV orifice than > 1 orifice (P < .001). Confluence-to-total PV area ratio (hazard ratio, 4.78, 95% CI, 1.86-12.32; P = .001) and length of drainage route (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14-1.31; P < .001) had a 4- and 1-fold increase in the risk for PPVS in the CS type after adjustment for age and preoperative pulmonary venous obstruction. In the right atrial type, those with anomalous PV return to the RA roof were more likely to develop PPVS than to the posterior wall of the RA (P < .001).ConclusionsThe number of inter-junction PV orifice correlated with PPVS development in cardiac TAPVC. The confluence-to-total PV ratio, length of drainage route, and anomalous PV return to the RA roof are important predictors for PPVS. Morphological subcategorization in this clinical setting can potentially assist in surgical decision-making.     

双侧锁定接骨板固定干骺端粉碎性股骨远端骨折的生物力学研究

目的 通过生物力学测试明确双侧锁定接骨板治疗干骺端粉碎性股骨远端骨折的各项力学特性。方法 采用16根力学测试专用股骨建立干骺端粉碎性股骨远端骨折（AO分型为C2.3型）模型，分为2组，对照组为单纯外侧解剖锁定接骨板固定，观察组为外侧解剖锁定接骨板和内侧锁定加压接骨板联合固定，每组8根人工骨，其中5根依次进行扭转负荷测试、轴向负荷测试和循环轴向负荷测试，检测扭转刚度、轴向刚度、股骨远端内侧压缩位移和内侧骨折端的微动；剩余3根进行极限负荷测试，记录内固定失败时的最大载荷。结果 ①扭转及垂直负荷测试中，观察组的扭转及轴向刚度分别为（4.28±0.43） Nm/deg、（1 850.14±99.88） N/mm，明显高于对照组的（2.26±0.09） Nm/deg、（884.02±68.15） N/mm；②轴向循环负荷测试中，两组模型均未出现螺钉松动或钢板断裂等内固定失败的情况，但对照组骨折端内侧间隙缩小（1.54±0.24） mm，明显大于观察组的（0.15±0.08） mm；③对照组内侧骨折块的微动位移为（3.25±0.21） mm，也明显高于观察组的（0.17±0.05） mm；④轴向极限负荷测试中，观察组发生骨折间隙明显缩窄或内固定失败时的极限载荷为（18 118.33±133.33） N，明显高于对照组的（6 334.33±34.39） N。上述数据组间比较，差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。结论 双侧锁定接骨板固定干骺端粉碎性股骨远端骨折可明显增加固定强度，从而为骨折愈合提供更稳定的生物力学环境。     

乳腺癌术后乳房重建的腹壁缺损修复基本原则及材料选择

乳腺癌根治性切除术后的自体乳房重建目前已被广泛应用于临床，但某些术式的自体乳房重建手术会造成一定程度的腹壁缺损。腹壁缺损导致腹壁正常功能的缺失，进而引起一系列严重的病理生理学改变。目前常用的手术方式有带蒂腹直肌皮瓣和腹壁下深动脉穿支皮瓣的乳房重建。根据乳腺癌术后乳房自体重建术后不同的腹壁缺损的类型，应该在严格遵循腹壁修复的基本原则的基础上，制定相应的手术修补方案。同时根据不同的腹壁缺损范围选择适当的腹壁修复材料。乳房重建术后形成的腹壁缺损通常其腹直肌后鞘和腹膜是完整的，腹直肌前鞘也可能保留，手术方式可选择腹壁不同层次的修复，同时强调应用修补材料进行修复。     

Ostium primum atrial septal defect with persistent left superior vena cava opening into unroofed coronary sinus—A rare entity

Raghib syndrome is a rare developmental complex consisting of termination of the left superior vena cava in the left atrium, absence of the coronary sinus, and an atrial septal defect commonly located at the posterior‐inferior angle of the atrial septum. This complex was considered unique to Raghib syndrome; however, cases with a normal atrial septum have been reported where the orifice of the unroofed coronary sinus functions as the inter‐atrial communication. Our patient demonstrated an isolated persistent left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium through unroofed coronary sinus and presence of ostium primum atrial septal defect.     

Ankle arthrodesis using a modified Masquelet induced membrane technique for open ankle fracture with a substantial osteochondral defect: A case report of novel surgical technique

Reconstruction of a bone defect using the Masquelet induced membrane technique has been well described. However, there are few reports of arthrodesis using this technique. In this case report, we describe a modified Masquelet technique for ankle arthrodesis with nailing. The patient was a 32-year-old man who sustained an open fracture of the right ankle with a substantial osteochondral defect as a result of a fall. Immediately after the injury, a staged procedure using the Masquelet technique was planned. The bone defect was filled with bone cement in the acute stage, but replacement of the cement was needed 6 months after the injury because of a prolonged inflammatory reaction. Ten months after the injury, the bone cement was removed, and ankle arthrodesis was performed using an IM nail with a combination of autologous and artificial bone. As a modification of the Masquelet technique, the anterior surface of the transplant site was covered with a large but thin layer of cortical bone instead of suturing the incised membrane. At 1 year postoperatively, firm bony union was achieved and the implant was removed. At follow-up 3 years after his injury, the patient is able to walk, undertake physical work, and has no clinical signs of infection. Our experience suggests that a modified induced membrane technique may be useful when treating an open limb fracture with an extensive osteochondral defect where preservation of the joint is difficult and arthrodesis is considered.