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目的:研究头颈部面罩和胸部体罩固定在胸上段食管癌(EC)三维放疗计划系统(TPS)放疗应用中对剂量分布的影响。方法:回顾性分析128例胸上段EC患者临床资料,根据放疗时体位固定工具不同,将患者分为面罩组46例和体罩组82例,所有患者均取仰卧位并采用调强适形放射治疗进行干预,体位固定方法为面罩组以热塑头颈面罩固定,体罩组采用热塑体膜固定,比较两组摆位误差、剂量分布、危及器官受照剂量、近期疗效和不良反应等指标。结果:面罩组X轴、Y轴和Z轴摆位误差绝对值明显低于体罩组(P<0.05),面罩组射线均匀性指数明显低于体罩组,射线适形度指数明显高于体罩组(P<0.05),两组肿瘤靶区Dmax、Dmin和Dmean比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);面罩组双肺V10、V20、V30以及脊髓Dmean均低于体罩组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);面罩组和体罩组患者客观缓解率分别为58.70%和54.88%,两组近期疗效比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);面罩组放射性肺炎发生率低于体罩组(P<0.05)。结论:头颈部面罩固定用于胸上段EC放疗有利于降低摆位误差,提升TPS放疗剂量分布均匀度和适形度,减少周围正常器官照射剂量和放疗相关不良反应发生。  相似文献   
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While Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) of the head and neck is highly malignant, it remains poorly characterized due to its rarity. The purpose of this study was to examine prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients with MCC of the head and neck region. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registry was reviewed for patients diagnosed between 1984 and 2016 with histologically confirmed, primary MCC of the head and neck region. A total of 2818 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a median age at diagnosis of 77 years. At five and 10 years, respectively, the OS was 42.4% and 25.1% and the DSS was 67.9% and 64.1%. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that predictors of decreased DSS included age at diagnosis ≥75 years, white race, increasing tumor spread, lymph node involvement and either the lip or the scalp/neck as a primary site. When adjusting for the aforementioned factors, tumor depth was not found to be a prognostic factor for DSS. We anticipate these results will help clinicians to counsel patients regarding expectations and potential prognosis.  相似文献   
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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignancies and has a low 5-year survival rate. Mounting evidence suggests that oral potentially malignant disorders, such as oral leukoplakia (OLK), may progress to HNSCC. Given that OLK and HNSCC are often insidious and asymptomatic, the identification of markers of OLK malignant transformation and therapeutic targets in HNSCC is critical. Using various online tools and publicly available gene expression datasets, the secreted phosphoprotein 1 gene (SPP1) was identified as a significant differentially expressed gene among OLK, HNSCC, and non-cancerous tissues. SPP1 mRNA levels were elevated in HNSCC tissues and were associated with cancer stage, tumor grade, and human papillomavirus infection status. High SPP1 mRNA levels were correlated with poor overall survival of HNSCC patients. In contrast, SPP1 mutations were not significantly associated with overall survival, although their frequency in HNSCC was very low (0.6%). Furthermore, SPP1 expression levels in HNSCC were positively correlated with the infiltration of CD4+ cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. The study results suggest that SPP1 may represent a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as a potential therapeutic target in HNSCC.  相似文献   
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We discuss the second reported case of NUT carcinoma (NC) arising in the thyroid.1 NC is a rare and aggressive malignancy which usually arises in the midline head and neck structures. The tumour is defined cytogenetically by rearrangements of the NUTM1 gene, most commonly producing the BRD4-NUTM1 fusion oncogene. A 23-year-old-male had a neck mass excised by right hemithyroidectomy following two fine needle aspirates (Thy 3a and Thy 4). Following completion left thyroidectomy with bilateral central neck dissection, further surgery was required to excise recurrent disease from the thyroid bed and right lateral neck. This aggressive clinical course prompted molecular analysis which revealed a BRD4-NUTM1 fusion gene. The initial hemithyroidectomy diagnosis of solid variant papillary thyroid carcinoma with poorly differentiated areas was thus revised to NC. This is a rare site for NC to occur and illustrates the importance of considering this diagnosis in poorly differentiated neoplasms in the head and neck region.1  相似文献   
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This systematic review examined nutritional outcomes in patients undergoing transoral robotic surgery (TORS), compared to open surgery (OS) for head and neck cancer. PUBMED, CINAHL, and Web of Science were systematically reviewed. Target nutritional outcomes included: weight, nutritional status, use of enteral feeding, swallowing function/ability, and time to oral diet. Risk of bias was assessed using the risk of bias in non-randomized studies tool, and certainty of evidence was assessed using grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE). Eight studies were included (total n = 608). Compared to OS, TORS probably reduces short- and long-term enteral feeding use or duration (GRADE “moderate” certainty), may reduce time to full swallow ability (GRADE “low” certainty), but it remains uncertain whether TORS reduces long-term patient reported swallowing function or time to oral feeding (GRADE “very-low” certainty). No studies examined nutritional status or weight. There is limited body of evidence examining nutrition outcomes following TORS. Further studies are warranted, which may improve the certainty of evidence and assist in determining the optimal nutrition care for these patients.  相似文献   
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目的:探讨头颈部肿瘤患者在容积旋转调强放疗(volume modulated radiation therapy,VMAT)期间的解剖结构体积改变及剂量学变化。方法:选取8例头颈部鳞癌患者(口咽癌7例,喉癌1例),利用每日锥形束CT(CBCT)分析患者的靶区及腮腺体积随放疗时间的变化规律,并在放疗第10次和第22次再次进行定位CT扫描及计划设计,比较原计划与2次二程放疗计划中靶区、危及器官的剂量学变化。结果:所有患者的靶区及双侧腮腺体积随放疗的进行均呈缩小趋势,且双侧腮腺缩小较为明显。至放疗结束时,GTV和CTV体积退缩比率分别为 15.91%、11.58%;左右腮腺的退缩比率分别为29.72%、26.97%,P均<0.05。在2次二程放疗计划中靶区的D2、D98与脊髓、脑干的D1和原计划相比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但左右腮腺照射剂量与放疗前相比均有所减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:头颈部肿瘤患者在VMAT期间靶区和腮腺体积均会显著缩小,放疗中期有必要设计二程放疗计划。采用离线自适应性放疗技术可提高靶区照射的准确性并在一定程度上降低腮腺的受照剂量。  相似文献   
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