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1.
目的探讨行机械通气治疗患儿在撤机后序贯维持镇痛镇静药物对预防谵妄及撤药反应的效果。方法回顾性将2019年12月至2021年9月广东医科大学附属东莞市儿童医院儿童重症监护室收治的机械通气支持≥5 d的61例患儿分为对照组(30例,撤机后无镇痛镇静药物维持)及观察组(31例,撤机后序贯镇痛镇静药物维持48 h),记录两组患儿撤机后24 h及72 h索菲亚撤药反应观察量表(Sophia Observation Withdrawal Symptoms Scale,SOS)评分、儿童谵妄量表(Paediatric Delirium Scale,PD)评分、Richmond躁动镇静量表(Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale,RASS)评分及谵妄发生例数、撤药反应发生例数,并进行比较分析。结果两组患儿撤机后24 h及72 h谵妄发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组撤机后24 h及72 h撤药反应发生率、SOS评分、PD评分、RASS评分均低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论撤机后序贯镇痛镇静可降低行机械通气治疗重症患儿撤机后72 h内撤药反应发生率,但不能有效降低患儿撤机后谵妄发生率。  相似文献   
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Introduction and objectivesThis study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of midazolam and ketamine as adjuvants to the peribulbar block in vitreoretinal surgeries.Patients and methodsThis randomized controlled trial included 93 adult patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgeries performed with peribulbar anaesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated to 3 groups (31 participants each): control (standard anaesthetic mixture), midazolam (standard mixture + midazolam), and ketamine (standard mixture + ketamine). The primary outcomes were onset of globe akinesia and duration of analgesia. Secondary outcomes were duration of motor blockade, onset of corneal anaesthesia and lid akinesia, and changes in vital data (blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and pulse rate).ResultsThe ketamine group vs. the control and midazolam groups showed the most rapid onset of lid and globe akinesia (p < 0.001) and corneal anaesthesia (0.7 ± 0.2 vs. 1.5 ± 0.5 and 1.2 ± 0.4, respectively; p < 0.001) and the longest duration of both analgesia (3.7 ± 0.6 vs. 2.3 ± 0.4 and 3.1 ± 0.6, respectively; p < 0.001) and akinesia (3.8 ± 0.5 vs. 3.0 ± 0.4, and 3.7 ± 0.5, respectively; p < 0.001). The midazolam group showed better outcomes than controls, but the drug was less effective than ketamine. There were no significant differences in vital data among groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsKetamine is an effective adjuvant for peribulbar blockade. It enhances both motor and sensory blockade by hastening onset and prolonging duration. These effects are desirable in lengthier ophthalmic procedures such as vitreoretinal surgeries. The effects of ketamine were superior to those of midazolam.  相似文献   
3.
背景 甲硫氨酸能够促进DNA甲基化的发生,DNA甲基化参与疼痛的发生发展和维持。急性炎性痛是临床常见症状,控制不及时会转化成慢性炎性痛,外源性补充甲硫氨酸可能通过调节DNA甲基化参与调节急性炎性痛,改善患者疼痛症状。目的 本研究采用甲醛溶液诱导急性炎性痛模型大鼠,观察注射L-甲硫氨酸(L-MET)是否会减轻大鼠足底急性炎性痛并探讨其机制,以期为寻找新的疼痛生物标志物和开发理想的镇痛新药提供理论依据。方法 2017年7月-2018年12月,将24只健康成年清洁级雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠按照随机数字表法分为A组(0.9%氯化钠溶液+0.9%氯化钠溶液组)、B组(L-MET+0.9%氯化钠溶液组)、C组(0.9%氯化钠溶液+2 g/L甲醛溶液组)、D组(L-MET+2 g/L甲醛溶液组),每组6只。B组、D组腹腔注射L-MET,2次/d,总量不超过0.18 mg/kg,连续注射3 d;A组、C组注射等量0.9%氯化钠溶液。C组、D组左后足足跖部皮下注射2 g/L甲醛溶液20 μl,制作甲醛溶液所致急性炎性痛模型,大鼠足部肿胀并会出现相应的抬足舔足行为视为模型制作成功;A组、B组注射等量0.9%氯化钠溶液。全程记录给药后60 min大鼠行为学,并记录疼痛次数,每隔3 min为1个观察时段,共分20个观察时段。行为学检测结束后,将大鼠处死,取脊髓L4~L6之间脊髓组织,检测大鼠脊髓全基因组DNA甲基化水平及大鼠脊髓DNA甲基化转移酶(DNMT)1、DNMT2、DNMT3a、DNMT3b RNA水平。结果 A组、B组大鼠无明显不适异常反应;C组、D组大鼠出现躁动不安、注射足抬起不着地、舔咬或抖动注射足等反应,其疼痛行为反应呈典型的双相变化,从注射后即刻开始,持续3~5 min的急性疼痛时相(第一时相),5~10 min的静息期,随后出现可持续0~45 min的继发性疼痛时相(第二时相)。C组、D组大鼠各时间点疼痛次数均多于A组、B组(P<0.05);D组大鼠6~39 min疼痛次数少于C组(P<0.05)。B组、D组大鼠脊髓全基因组DNA甲基化水平高于A组(P<0.05);C组、D组大鼠脊髓全基因组DNA甲基化水平低于B组(P<0.05);D组大鼠脊髓全基因组DNA甲基化水平高于C组(P<0.05)。C组、D组大鼠脊髓DNMT3a、DNMT3b RNA水平高于A组、B组(P<0.05);D组大鼠脊髓DNMT3a RNA水平低于C组,DNMT3b RNA水平高于C组(P<0.05)。结论 L-MET对于甲醛溶液所致急性炎性痛模型大鼠具有明显镇痛作用,其机制与脊髓全基因组DNA甲基化水平以及DNMT水平的变化有关。  相似文献   
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目的 观察穴位热痛刺激治疗无先兆偏头痛患者的近期镇痛疗效。 方法 采用随机数字表法将120例无先兆偏头痛患者分为观察组及对照组,每组60例。对照组患者给予西比灵口服,每晚1次,每次5 mg,治疗4周为1个疗程。观察组患者在对照组干预基础上辅以穴位热痛刺激,取穴风池、率谷、阳陵泉、外关、太阳、印堂,选用Pathway疼痛及感觉评估系统配置的圆形刺激器,当刺激器加热至54.5 ℃时发放可调节脉冲热刺激,单个脉冲热刺激其脉宽为0.3 s,刺激间隔10 s,每个穴位连续刺激5次后换下一穴位,各穴位循环交替刺激,共治疗20 min,每日治疗1次,治疗4周为1个疗程。记录治疗前、后2组患者头痛发作频率、持续时间、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、头痛伴随症状评分、偏头痛特异生活质量问卷量表(MSQ)评分,并对比2组患者近期疗效差异。 结果 治疗后观察组患者头痛发作频率[(1.27±0.13)次/月]、头痛持续时间[(2.51±0.22)分钟/次]、疼痛VAS评分[(0.43±0.08)分]、头痛伴随症状评分[(0.21±0.20)分]、MSQ功能受限评分[(79.0±10.2)分]、功能障碍评分[(82.6±10.3)分]及情感评分[(85.2±10.5)分]均较治疗前及对照组明显改善(均P<0.05);另外治疗后观察组患者总有效率(95.0%)亦显著优于对照组水平(80.0%),组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有患者在治疗期间其心率、血压均未出现不良反应,热痛刺激部位无感染、红肿等异常表现。 结论 穴位热痛刺激治疗无先兆偏头痛患者近期疗效显著,并且治疗过程安全可靠、副反应少,为偏头痛患者提供了一种新的治疗方法,值得临床推广、应用。  相似文献   
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ObjectivesWe aimed to describe the analgesic efficacy, duration of analgesia, and adverse event profile associated with intranasal hydromorphone in children with acute pain presenting to an emergency department.MethodsProspective dose titration pilot study of otherwise healthy children 4 to 17-years-old with moderate to severe pain who required a parenteral opioid. All patients received an initial intranasal hydromorophone dose of 0.03 mg/kg. The need for additional analgesia was assessed at 15 and 30 min; an additional 0.015 mg/kg was given at each assessment, if required. Need for rescue analgesic, pain intensity and adverse events were assessed until 6 h after hydromorphone administration or until patients were discharged, underwent a procedure to treat their painful condition, or received a rescue analgesic.ResultsWe enrolled 35 children. Fifteen, 11, and 9 children required a total dose of 0.03, 0.045, and 0.06 mg/kg, respectively. Patients in each dose group experienced an absolute decrease in pain score of ≥3/10 and percent reduction >40% within 5–15 min of completing dose-titration administration of hydromorphone. Duration of analgesia (i.e. time until rescue analgesic administered) >1 h was observed in 85.7% of patients. Patients not requiring rescue analgesics had mild or no pain until discharged or their painful conditions were treated. Three (8.6%) patients required a rescue analgesic <1 h after hydromorphone administration. There were no major adverse events.ConclusionsIntranasal hydromorphone led to rapid, clinically significant and frequently sustained decreases in pain intensity in children. No major adverse events were observed in this preliminary sample.Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT02437669  相似文献   
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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the analgesic efficacy of sufentanil in dressings after surgical treatment of burn wounds.Patients and methodsTwenty adult patients, who underwent surgical treatment of third–degree burn wounds under general anesthesia, were included. Two of the patients underwent surgery twice. During surgery, patients received 50–100 μg fentanyl every 20–30 min and, after surgery, patients received 100 mg ketoprofen twice daily. Additionally, ten patients (group 1) received 50 μg sufentanil added to the burn wound dressings soaked in octenidine and phenoxyethanol while 10 patients (group 2) received 25 μg sufentanil added to the same dressings. The rescue analgesic, which was administered when pain intensified, was 5 mg subcutaneous morphine. Plasma sufentanil concentrations were assayed at 1, 2, 3, and 6 h after surgery completion and when pain was reported, along with pain intensity evaluation.ResultsSufentanil was not detected in the serum of any patients. Rescue morphine was given during the postoperative period (24 h) in one patient in group 1 (who underwent surgery twice) and three patients in group 2. The mean sufentanil concentration in dressings was higher in group 1 (0.13 ± 0.03) than group 2 (0.06 ± 0.03 μg/mL; p < 0.001). The group 1 patient who received rescue morphine had a sufentanil concentration of 0.10 μg/mL, which was the lowest concentration in group 1. Group 2 patients who received rescue morphine had sufentanil concentrations of at least two–fold lower (0.03–0.05 μg/mL). No adverse effects were observed.ConclusionsSufentanil in dressings after burn wound surgery provides effective and safe analgesia and the sufentanil concentration in dressings should be ≥0.10 μg/mL in a solution of octenidine and phenoxyethanol.  相似文献   
10.
葛梅  翟晓军  李勇 《中国骨伤》2021,34(8):750-754
目的 :探讨收肌管阻滞术(addcutor canal block,ACB)联合经皮穴位电刺激(transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation,TEAS)在全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)术后镇痛及对早期功能锻炼的效果。方法:选取2019年1月至2020年8月初次单侧行TKA的患者84例,其中男45例,女39例;年龄66~77(72.8±8.9)岁;身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI) 19~25(23.6±3.5) kg/m~2。按照随机数字表法将患者分为收肌管阻滞术联合经皮穴位电刺激组(TEAS+ACB组)和单纯收肌管阻滞术组(ACB组),每组42例。ACB组术中实施ACB,TEAS+ACB组在ACB基础上于术后第1~7天行双下肢TEAS。记录并比较两组术后6,12,24,48,72 h的疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS),术后第1,2,3,7天的膝关节功能,术后第7天膝关节活动度与住院天数。结果:TEAS+ACB组VAS评分在静息、活动状态下术后6,12 h与ACB组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),在术后24,48,72 h均低于ACB组(P0.05)。TEAS+ACB组膝关节活动度在术后第1天与ACB组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),在术后第2,3,7天均大于ACB组(P0.05)。TEAS+ACB组住院天数小于ACB组,术后第7天膝关节活动度大于ACB组(P0.05)。结论:TEAS联合ACB较单纯的ACB有更好的术后镇痛效果,促进患者早期功能锻炼,对TKA术后镇痛是安全、有效的。  相似文献   
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