一体化管理的老年综合评估护理模式对前列腺癌患者心理因素和生活质量的影响

目的探讨对前列腺癌患者采用一体化管理老年综合评估(CGA)护理模式对其心理因素和生活质量的影响。方法选取2020年3月至2021年3月在南京市第一医院就诊,确诊为前列腺癌,且首次行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术的患者96例,随机分为对照组、观察1组、观察2组,各32例。对照组为住院后采用常规护理模式进行护理,观察1组为入院后行CGA干预组,观察2组为一体化管理的CGA干预组。三组患者分别在干预前、出院时,进行焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)测评;在干预前、术后30 d,进行生活质量核心量表QLQ-C30(V3.0)和前列腺癌特异性补充量表QLQ-PR25测评。结果出院时,观察2组SAS、SDS评分显著优于对照组及观察1组(P<0.05);术后30 d,观察2组生活质量QLQ-C30、QLQ-PR25评分显著优于对照组及观察1组(P<0.05)。结论一体化管理CGA护理模式可有效改善前列腺癌患者的心理状态,提高其术后生活质量。     

护理敏感指标监测在降低老年患者中心静脉导管非计划性拔管中的应用

目的 探讨护理敏感指标监测在降低老年住院患者中心静脉导管非计划性拔管(unplanned extubation,UEX)中的应用。方法 通过实施敏感指标监测,总结分析老年科患者中心静脉置管发生非计划性拔管的主要原因,制定相应的对策并实施,评估活动后的效果。结果 护理敏感指标监测实施后,老年科中心静脉导管非计划性拔管发生率明显下降,从监测前的2.64‰降至0.73‰,护士导管规范维护率由的73.2%提升到98.5%;患者及家属满意度,导管正确维护率均大幅提高。结论 护理敏感指标监测可有效降低老年患者中心静脉导管非计划性拔管的发生,确保了护理质量和患者安全,提升了患者满意度。     

老年血液病院内感染临床特点及预防措施研究进展

1老年血液病院内感染现状1.1老年血液病院内感染发生率血液病是一种起源于造血系统组织或影响造血系统伴发的血液异常改变,疾病类型包括红细胞疾病(如贫血、红细胞增多症等)、白细胞疾病(如急性白血病、粒细胞缺乏症等)、出血或凝血疾病(如血管/过敏性紫癜、血小板减少症、血友病等)、淋巴瘤及其他疾病(如非/霍奇金淋巴瘤、弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤等)。     

老年晚期胃癌抗肿瘤药物治疗进展

胃癌是一种常见的消化道恶性肿瘤。尽管在全球范围内,胃癌的发病率呈下降趋势,但目前发病率仍然位居第五。老年人是胃癌的主要患病群体。据统计,胃癌多在50岁以后发病,发病高峰为65~80岁。胃癌的死亡率随着年龄的升高而增加,其中80岁以上人群死亡率最高;。因此改善老年胃癌人群的预后是目前临床工作的重点之一。本文将围绕老年晚期胃癌的临床特征和药物治疗进展做一综述。     

血管内介入与单纯药物治疗老年重度颅内前循环动脉狭窄的疗效观察

目的 研究血管内介入与单纯药物运用于老年重度颅内前循环动脉狭窄中的价值。方法 选取我院收治的老年重度颅内前循环动脉狭窄76例，随机分为研究组和对照组，各38例。研究组实施血管内介入治疗，对照组使用单纯药物，测定两组治疗前后的血浆黏度、纤维蛋白、全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血细胞比容指标，评价两组治疗前后的神经行为认知(NCSE)、神经功能缺损(NIHSS)、日常生活能力(ADL)评分，统计两组并发症发生情况，比较两组治疗结果。结果 两组治疗前的血流动力学指标比较无差异(P>0.05),治疗后，研究组血浆黏度、纤维蛋白、全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血细胞比容均高出对照组(P<0.05);治疗后，研究组NCSE评分、ADL评分高出对照组，但NIHSS评分低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 血管内介入在老年重度颅内前循环动脉狭窄中效果显著，可促进血流动力学指标改善，改善神经功能与认知能力，并提升日常生活能力，并发症少，安全性高。     

居家个性化护理,助脑梗死患者早日康复

脑梗死也叫作缺血性脑卒中,是中老年人群中常见的一种脑血管疾病,死亡率、致残率均较高。脑梗死急性期须治疗1~2周,出院后也须长期服药预防复发,从康复角度来讲,也须进行3~6个月的康复治疗。许多老年患者在治疗的过程中会产生恐惧、焦虑等情绪,对治疗配合度、治疗效果均有着一定的影响。因此,脑梗死护理在治疗过程中起着非常重要的作用,患者需要接受个性化的身心护理来配合治疗。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.