甲状旁腺切除术用于难治性肾性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的安全性及近远疗效

背景与目的:甲状旁腺切除术(PTX)是治疗药物不能控制的难治性肾性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(SHPT)的重要手段,但PTX术后仍有可能发生永久性甲状旁腺功能减退,无动力性骨病或难治性骨软化症,且国内尚缺乏对PTX术后远期的疗效观察的研究。本研究进一步评价PTX治疗难治性肾性SHPT的安全性与近远期疗效。方法:纳入2011年1月—2014年12月在安徽医科大学第二附属医院行PTX治疗的139例伴有难治性肾性SHPT的维持性透析患者。收集患者术前及术后3 d、6个月及1、2、3年的临床资料、血全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、血钙、血磷、血红蛋白(Hb)及红细胞压积(Hct)等,观察并记录术后症状缓解情况、术后并发症和随访情况。结果:139例患者的PTX手术成功率为95.7%(133/139),术中共计切除甲状旁腺腺体537枚,平均切除3.86枚/例。12例(8.6%)术后发生一过性喉返神经损伤,其中声音嘶哑9例(6.5%),饮水呛咳3例(2.2%),未予处理术后3个月内均自行好转。术后低钙血症或缺乏维生素D者120例(86.3%),给予西那卡塞、补钙及补充活性维生素D治疗后得到有效控制。全组未发生切口感染、出血、窒息及甲状腺功能减退等外科并发症。患者的贫血状况均有不同程度地改善,Hb和Hct术后6个月明显升高并在随访期间保持稳定;术后iPTH明显降低,术后3 d的血钙、磷、钙磷乘积水平最低,随访3年仍低于手术前,所有变化与术前均有统计学差异(均P0.05)。随访期间无死亡病例。患者术前的骨痛、顽固性皮肤瘙痒、失眠、异位钙化、肌无力伴萎缩症状在术后1 d即明显缓解;身高缩短、骨骼畸形患者随访期间无进行性加重;纳差、全身营养状况及自理能力术后3个月内不同程度地改善。11例(7.9%)持续性SHPT,包括4例(2.9%)术中未完全切除甲状旁腺腺体,1例(0.7%)术中1枚腺体较小而未切除完全,6例(4.3%)术后检查存在纵隔异位甲状旁腺。随访期间,5例(3.5%)腺体未切除完全者的iPTH均800 pg/mL,肌无力及顽固性皮肤瘙痒临床症状明显,再次行PTX;6例(4.3%)存在异位甲状旁腺腺体者,因手术风险较大患者拒绝再次手术,予以药物治疗;8例(5.8%)术后复发,其中6例(4.3%)系前臂移植物复发所致,均在局麻下行前臂皮下移植物切除;2例(1.4%)系颈部原位残留腺体过度增生,予以二次手术,术后症状缓解。所有进行二次手术的患者在随访结束时无明显的临床症状,均未复发。结论:PTX可改善难治性肾性SHPT患者临床症状、贫血及钙磷代谢,且近远期疗效均较好,是治疗难治性SHPT的安全有效方法。     

新型四腔水箱在腹外科腔镜电凝线清洗消毒中的应用研究

摘要〓目的〓研究四腔水箱在腹外科腔镜电凝线擦拭法清洗消毒中的应用效果。方法〓通过目测法和ATP生物荧光法,对本研究的四腔水箱用于腹外科腔镜电凝线的清洗效果进行评价。结果〓传统治疗碗清洗的206件腔镜电凝线清洗质量合格率为86.4%,四腔水箱清洗的206件腹腔镜电凝线清洗质量合格率为94.6%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。用四腔水箱清洗腔镜电凝线擦拭过程中的护理人员满意度较高。结论〓四腔水箱可提高腹外科腔镜电凝线清洗质量和护理人员满意度。     

超微血流成像技术在前列腺癌精准靶向穿刺活检中的应用

目的 探讨超微血流成像（SMI）技术在前列腺癌精准靶向穿刺活检中的应用价值。方法 87例临床拟诊断前列腺癌患者均经过第一次系统12点穿刺术1月后选择进行第二次穿刺活检方式，其中48例采用系统12点穿刺法，39例采用SMI精准靶向定位异常区域替代局部系统穿刺法。根据第一次穿刺病理组织学结果，分析两种方式在前列腺癌穿刺活检中的异同。结果 在良恶性病变中，前列腺体积的差异无统计学意义，血清PSA水平差异有统计学意义（t=2.045, P=0.04）；SMI组穿刺恶性20例，穿刺阳性率为51.28%，总穿刺456针；对照组穿刺恶性14例，穿刺阳性率为29.17%，总穿刺576针。两组穿刺阳性率、平均穿刺针点数差异有统计学意义（χ ²=4.420, P=0.036; t=13.18, P=0.000）。SMI组中恶性病理组织为79条，患者Gleason最高评分（7.2±0.4）分；对照组中恶性病理组织为64条，患者Gleason最高评分（6.5±0.4）分。两组单次取材阳性率、Gleason最高评分差异有统计学意义（χ ²=8.232, P=0.004; t=5.940, P=0.000）。结论 SMI技术引导前列腺癌穿刺活检可提高取材的阳性率。     

Graph Convolutional Network Based on Manifold Similarity Learning

In the area of large-scale graph data representation and semi-supervised learning, deep graph-based convolutional neural networks have been widely applied. However, typical graph convolutional network (GCN) aggregates information of neighbor nodes based on binary neighborhood similarity (adjacency matrix). It treats all neighbor nodes of one node equally, which does not suppress the influence of dissimilar neighbor nodes. In this paper, we investigate GCN based on similarity matrix instead of adjacency matrix of graph nodes. Gaussian heat kernel similarity in Euclidean space is first adopted, which is named EGCN. Then biologically inspired manifold similarity is trained in reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS), based on which a manifold GCN (named MGCN) is proposed for graph data representation and semi-supervised learning with four different kernel types. The proposed method is evaluated with extensive experiments on four benchmark document citation network datasets. The objective function of manifold similarity learning converges very quickly on different datasets using various kernel functions. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, our method is very competitive in terms of graph node recognition accuracy. In particular, the recognition rates of MGCN (Gaussian kernel) and MGCN (Polynomial Kernel) outperform that of typical GCN about 3.8% on Cora dataset, 3.5% on Citeseer dataset, 1.3% on Pubmed dataset and 4% on Cora_ML dataset, respectively. Although the proposed MGCN is relatively simple and easy to implement, it can discover local manifold structure by manifold similarity learning and suppress the influence of dissimilar neighbor nodes, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed MGCN.

     

FibroTouch检测肝硬度值及脂肪衰减值的稳定性分析

目的探讨FibroTouch(FT)检测肝硬度值(LSM)及脂肪衰减值(CAP)的稳定性。方法选择2018年11月20日-2019年1月14日安徽医科大学第二附属医院肝病科门诊行FT检测的慢性HBV感染者(n=177)、非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者(n=56)、肝功能异常患者(n=34)以及其他疾病患者(n=42)共309例,对同一受检者的3个不同测量点进行FT检测,运用组内相关系数(ICC)、Bland-Altman法评价测量值的稳定性;运用Kendall’s W检验、饼状图评价诊断结果的稳定性。结果同一受测者的3个不同测量点检测的LSM值和CAP值在不同疾病组的ICC均>0.75(P值均<0.001),其中慢性HBV感染者组的LSM值ICC最大,为0.905;其他疾病组的CAP值的ICC最大,为0.805;而NAFLD组的LSM值和CAP值的ICC均最小,分别为0.785、0.780;3个测量点之间分别绘制Bland-Altman图,一致性限度内的点均维持在95%左右。通过分析,3个测量点的LSM分期及CAP分期的诊断结果的Kendall’s W系数分别为0.825、0.858(P值均<0.001);3个测量点独立诊断F≥2期(LSM>7.3 kPa)和至少达到轻度脂肪肝分期水平(CAP>240 dB/m)与其均值诊断结果完全一致的占比均>60%,仅有1个测量点诊断结果与均值诊断结果一致的占比均<10%。结论FT检测数值及诊断结果均具有很好的稳定性,但为了提高其诊断F≥2期和至少达到轻度脂肪肝分期的稳定性,建议多点测量取平均值进行诊断。     

Gemcitabine-facilitated modulation of the tumor microenvironment and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade generate a synergistic antitumor effect in a murine hepatocellular carcinoma model

BackgroundGemcitabine can alter the immunogenic microenvironments, and the effect of gemcitabine plus programmed death-1 (PD-1)/ programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is investigated.MethodsSubcutaneous H22-green fluorescent protein (GFP) cells inoculation model was constructed and treated with gemcitabine, anti-PD-1 antibody (αPD-1), or the combination every four days when the tumor volumes reached about 50 mm³. Four days after the final treatment, primary tumor tissues were resected and dissociated, which were further subcutaneously injected on the contralateral side to construct the HCC relapse model. The infiltrated proportion of immune cells and PD-1 expression were quantified by flow cytometry. The relative content of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interleukin (IL)-12p70, and interferon (IFN)-γ were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Tumor volume and the number of tumor-free mice were evaluated.ResultsGemcitabine treatment can effectively increase the total proportion of infiltrating immune cells, reduce the proportion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and macrophages, and increase T cells proportion without significant growth inhibition. While after gemcitabine treatment, PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and PD-1 on T cells were significantly up-regulated. Subcutaneous tumors volume were reduced considerably after gemcitabine plus αPD-1 treatment compared with gemcitabine (P<0.01) or αPD-1 monotherapy (P<0.001) with the increased proportion of IL-2⁺CD8⁺T, CD8⁺T central memory cells (TCM), CD4 TCM, up-regulated IL12p70 and IFN-γ secretion, and down-regulated TGF-β. Gemcitabine plus αPD-1 blockade could inhibit the relapse tumor model as indicated with down-regulated tumor volume and increased number of tumor-free mice.ConclusionGemcitabine up-regulates the proportion of intratumor CD8⁺T and the relative expression of PD-1/PD-L1, and the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade can further inhibit the growth and the relapse of HCC.     

Elevated IL-35 in bone marrow of the patients with acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common hematological malignancy in adults, but the etiology of it remains poorly understood. IL-35 is a recently described cytokine composed of an IL-12 subunit p35 and an IL-27 subunit Epstein–Barr virus induced gene 3 (EBI3), and has an immunosuppressive effect on inflammation through induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppression of Th1 and Th17. Recently, we have illustrated that concentrations of IL-35 in peripheral blood are up-regulated in newly diagnosed (ND) AML patients. However, whether IL-35 in bone marrow is increased in AML patients is not clear. In this study, we examined IL-35 in bone marrow by various methods including RT-PCR, ELISA, FCM and IHC, and found that IL-35 levels are also increased significantly in bone marrow of adult AML patients. Furthermore, we investigated that concentrations of bone marrow IL-35 in ND group were higher than that in complete remission (CR) group and control group, but there was no significant difference compared to that in relapse group. In conclusion, IL-35 was elevated in bone marrow of adult AML patients and this increase was correlated with the clinical stages of malignancy, suggesting that IL-35 is involved in pathogenesis of AML.     

基于神经网络的双X射线影像2D-3D配准算法

针对基于迭代优化的传统2D-3D医学图像配准算法运行速度慢，难以达到实时配准的要求，本研究提出一种实时2D-3D配准方法。通过将空间刚体变换参数分解到两个平面上，将2D-3D配准简化为两个步骤，包含2D-2D近似刚体配准与单参数2D-3D刚体配准。同时利用深度卷积神经网络拟合患者X射线影像残差与其对应姿态差异间的非线性映射关系，从X-DRR图像对的残差回归出空间刚体变换参数。经由头颅CT数据训练后的网络，在0.04 s内完成了高精度的双X射线配准。本研究提出的配准方法满足了放疗过程中进行实时2D-3D配准工作的要求。