胆总管结扎胆汁淤积性肝硬化动物模型的建立与评价

目的探讨胆总管结扎手术致胆汁淤积性肝硬化小鼠模型的建立价值,并对模型进行评价。方法将84只balb/c小鼠随机分为实验组(采用胆总管结扎术)和对照组(采用假手术),术后观察小鼠一般情况和肝胆大体结构;采用全自动生化分析仪检测术后1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)、直接胆红素(direct bilirubin,DBIL)、谷氨酸转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST);采用H&E染色评估肝脏组织形态学变化;采用masson染色和免疫组织化学检测术后28 d小鼠肝脏组织切片,评估两组胶原纤维增生和a-SMA、CK-19蛋白表达情况。结果实验组与对照组小鼠相比,术后一般情况相对更差,胆汁淤积,胆囊、胆总管体积明显增大,各项血清生化指标明显增高(P<0.05);HE染色可见肝小叶结构改变,胆管增生;术后28 d实验组小鼠masson染色可见胶原纤维形成,免疫组织化学染色提示a-SMA、CK-19表达量显著增多(P<0.05)。结论经腹中线小切口行胆总管结扎手术可成功构建小鼠胆汁淤积性肝硬化模型。     

Uterine artery ligation at its origin following retroperitoneal space development decreases blood loss during single-port total laparoscopic hysterectomy

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine risk factors associated with the failure of uterine artery ligation at its origin following development of the retroperitoneal space (UALr) and evaluated its efficacy in decreasing estimated blood loss (EBL) during single-port total laparoscopic hysterectomy (SP-TLH).Materials and methodsThis study includes patient data collected prospectively from May 1st, 2013 to establish a registry for single-port surgery. Data for the present study were collected retrospectively from May 1st, 2013 to August 30th, 2016. Patients who underwent SP-TLH for a symptomatic benign disease. When bilateral UALr was performed successfully, the case was classified as part of the UALr success group. When only unilateral UALr was completed or UALr failed, the case was classified as part of the failure group. We compared patients’ baseline characteristics and surgical outcomes between the two groups.ResultsBilateral UALr was successfully performed in 155 cases and failed in 64 patients. Body Mass Index (BMI) was significantly different between the two groups (24.1 kg/m2 vs. 22.86 kg/m2, p = 0.025). A BMI higher than 23.6 kg/m² was a risk factor for UALr failure in a multivariate analysis (odds ratio = 2.42, p = 0.004). EBL was significantly lower in the UALr success group compared to the UALr failure group (100 [100.0–200.0] vs. 200 [100.0–250.0], p < 0.001), and incidence of Hb decrease of more than 2 g/dl was higher in the UALr failure group (36.1% vs. 54.7%, p = 0.017).ConclusionWe identified higher BMI as a risk factor for UALr failure and demonstrated the safety and efficacy of UALr in reducing blood loss during SP-TLH.     

延迟脐带结扎对极早产儿的临床意义

目的：评价延迟脐带结扎（delayed cord clamping,DCC）对极早产儿预后的影响。方法：选取2019年5月—2021年5月郑州大学第三附属医院阴道分娩的极早产儿,随机分为早期脐带结扎（early cord clamping,ECC）组和DCC组。比较2组的血常规、胆红素值、Apgar评分、平均动脉压、血气、体温,以及新生儿低氧血症、急性呼吸窘迫综合征（acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS）、输血、脑室内出血、坏死性小肠炎、败血症、低血糖、新生儿死亡、高胆红素血症及光疗的发生率。比较2组极早产儿平均住院日和平均住院费用,并比较2组产妇的第三产程和产后出血量。结果：DCC组极早产儿出生时血红蛋白、72 h血红蛋白、出生时红细胞压积、72 h红细胞压积、平均动脉压、出生时胆红素、胆红素峰值均高于ECC组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。DCC组的新生儿低氧血症、ARDS、输血、脑室内出血、坏死性小肠炎、新生儿败血症、低血糖的发生率,以及极早产儿平均住院日、平均住院费用均低于ECC组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组极早产儿的Apgar评分、体温、酸中毒发生率、高胆红素血症发生率、光疗发生率、红细胞增多症发生率及新生儿死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。2组产妇的第三产程及产后出血量比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：DCC是一项可以有效改善极早产儿分娩结局且不增加其他并发症的临床干预措施。     

精索静脉曲张患者行保留睾丸动脉的高位结扎开放术心得体会

目的探讨精索静脉曲张患者行保留睾丸动脉的高位结扎手术的技巧及疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年1月～2013年9月本院泌尿科对150例精索静脉曲张患者采用保留睾丸动脉的高位结扎手术,其中有79例行保留睾丸动脉的高位结扎开放术分为A组,71例行未保留睾丸动脉的高位结扎开放术分为B组,对术后并发症、术后复发情况、术前术后精液比较等方面进行回顾性分析探讨。结果150例均顺利完成手术,手术时间（44．8±12．2）min,A组0例、B组1例（1．41％）副损伤。 A组2例（2．53％）、B组6例（8．45％）发生切口感染伴发热。术后随访6个月内A组6例（7．59％）、B组11例（15．49％）反复出现患侧精索一过性刺痛,术后随访318个月A组60例（75．95％）、B组38例（53．52％）患者的精子密度及活力提高,其精液质量得到明显改善。 A组1例（1．27％）、B组3例（4．23％）出现复发、睾丸萎缩等并发症。结论精索静脉曲张行保留睾丸动脉的高位结扎开放手术是效果好、不易复发、并发症少、安全、有效的手术,值得在没有显微外科的基层医院推广应用。     

一步法与二步法腹壁穿刺行腹腔镜小儿疝囊高位结扎术临床对比分析

目的对比分析腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝术中采用钳式穿刺针一步法腹壁穿刺(一步法)与采用硬膜外穿刺针二步法腹壁穿刺(二步法)的安全性及临床效果。 方法回顾性分析2015年3月至2018年6月身高≤120 cm、疝囊颈前后直径≤1.5 cm的小儿单侧腹股沟斜疝患者147例临床资料,64例患儿为二步法组,83例患儿为一步法组,应用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计学分析,术中术后各项指标采用( ±s)表示,采用独立t检验;1年复发率采用χ²检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果一步法组与二步法组相比,手术时间分别为(11.8±3.2) min和(12.4±2.9) min,术中出血量分别为(1.7±1.3) ml和(1.9±1.3) ml,发现对侧隐匿性疝例数分别为10例(12.0%)和8例(12.5%),术后24 h疼痛评分分别为(1.2±0.6)分和(1.3±0.5)分,发生阴囊(阴唇)肿胀分别为0例和1例(1.6%),住院时间分别为(2.1±1.1) d和(2.2±1.1) d,术后1年复发率分别为2.4%(2/83)和3.1%(2/64),上述7项指标两组差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。 结论对身高≤120 cm、疝囊颈前后直径≤1.5 cm的小儿单侧腹股沟斜疝施行腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术,无论采用一步法或是二步法腹壁穿刺,均可获得良好的临床治疗效果,两组术后1年复发率相当。     

切开挂线术治疗复杂肛瘘中的临床疗效观察

目的探讨切开挂线术治疗复杂肛瘘中的临床疗效。方法将60例复杂性肛瘘患者,随机分为两组,每组30例,分别标记为挂线组、结扎组。挂线组采用切开挂线术治疗,结扎组采用括约肌间瘘管结扎术治疗,比较两组术后疗效。结果挂线组愈合率为83．33％,结扎组愈合率为76．67％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结扎组患者愈后肛门功能评分明显低于挂线组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论切开挂线术治疗复杂性肛瘘效果良好,能有效地保护了肛门括约肌的功能,提高患者的生活质量。     

肠系膜下动脉根部结扎在直肠癌前切除术中的应用

目的 探讨肠系膜下动脉(IMA)根部结扎对直肠癌根治术的临床应用价值.方法 将2003年1月至2007年12月收治的173例直肠癌前切除术患者随机分成两组,其中根部结扎组85例,采用IMA根部结扎术及根部淋巴结廓清,非根部结扎组88例,采用IMA低位结扎及结扎部位淋巴结廓清.根部结扎组,比较两组患者的平均手术时间、淋巴结数及转移度、复发率、5年生存率、并发症发生率.结果 非根部结扎组的淋巴结数、淋巴结转移度、术后生存率明显低于根部结扎组,复发率则明显高于根部结扎组(P＜0.05);两组手术时间、并发症比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 IMA根部结扎及根部淋巴结廓清对直肠癌的治疗效果优于IMA非根部结扎及结扎部位淋巴结廓清,值得推广应用.     

Managing fistula‐in‐ano with ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract procedure: the Western Hospital experience

Aim To review the preliminary results of the ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) technique in treating complex anal fistulas at our hospital. Method Between March and November 2010, patients with cryptoglandular anal fistulas were recruited prospectively from the colorectal clinic and treated using the LIFT procedure. A database was set up to collect information on demographics, past surgical treatments, fistula characteristics, MRI scan results, operative data and follow‐up findings. The primary end‐point measured was cure of the disease. The secondary end‐point was the degree of postoperative continence. Preoperative and postoperative incontinence rates were recorded using Wexner’s Incontinence Scale. Results Twenty‐five patients (eight women and 17 men; median age, 40 years) underwent the LIFT procedure. Ten patients had recurrent fistulas and previous fistula surgery. The median operating time was 39 min. No intraoperative complications were documented. The median follow‐up duration was 22 (3–43) weeks. Primary healing was observed in 17 (68.0%) patients and the median healing time was 6 weeks; one wound remained incompletely healed. Seven patients (28.0%) had disease recurrence presenting between 7 and 20 weeks postoperatively. No patients reported any incontinence postoperatively. Conclusion The LIFT procedure has favourable healing rates with little or no risk of incontinence. This operation is safe and easy to learn. The early results from this pilot study show promise and affirm some of the findings of other researchers. These results will suggest opportunities to conduct further controlled studies comparing the LIFT procedure with standard therapies.