Plant-derived natural agents as dietary supplements for the regulation of glycosylated hemoglobin: A review of clinical trials

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时效激励结合绩效考核管理模式在内分泌科护士管理中的应用研究

目的 探讨时效激励结合绩效考核管理模式在内分泌科护士管理中的应用效果。方法 选取2017年10月-2018年10月我院36名内分泌科护士为研究对象。比较实施时效激励结合绩效考核管理模式前后,病区护理质量和护士工作倦怠情况。结果 实施后,护士的情感枯竭、去人格化倾向评分均低于实施前(t=8.613,P=0.029; t=5.495,P=0.020),而个人成就评分高于实施前(t=3.626,P=0.031);护理工作质量评价量表各维度评分均高于实施前。结论 时效激励结合绩效考核管理模式可有效缓解内分泌科护士的工作倦怠感,提高护理质量,值得临床推广应用。     

Mitigation of Methimazole-Induced Hepatic Injury by Taurine in Mice

Methimazole is the most widely prescribed antithyroid medication in humans. However, hepatotoxicity is a deleterious adverse effect associated with methimazole administration. No specific protective agent has been developed against this complication yet. This study was designed to investigate the role of taurine as a hepatoprotective agent against methimazole-induced liver injury in mice. Different reactive metabolites were proposed to be responsible for methimazole hepatotoxicity. Hence, methimazole-induced liver injury was investigated in intact and/or enzyme-induced animals in the current investigation. Animals were treated with methimazole (200 mg/kg, by gavage), and hepatic injury induced by this drug was investigated in intact and/or enzyme-induced groups. Markers such as lipid peroxidation, hepatic glutathione content, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in plasma, and histopathological changes in the liver of animals were monitored after drug administration. Methimazole caused liver injury as revealed by increased plasma ALT. Furthermore, a significant amount of lipid peroxidation was detected in the drug-treated animals, and hepatic glutathione reservoirs were depleted. Methimazole-induced hepatotoxicity was more severe in enzyme-induced mice. The above-mentioned alterations in hepatotoxicity markers were endorsed by significant histopathological changes in the liver. Taurine administration (1 g/kg, i.p.) effectively alleviated methimazole-induced liver injury in both intact and/or enzyme-induced animals.     

Effects of intrahepatic transplantation of pancreatic islets on hepatic metabolism in the rat.

The influence on hepatic metabolism of transplanting isologous pancreatic islets in the livers of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was investigated. Hyperglycemia and impaired weight gain were corrected in 7 of 10 islet recipients (transplant improved), and only a small benefit was obtained in the other three rats (transplant failed.) After 12 mo basal and glucagon-stimulated glucose output, urea output, and gluconeogenesis (production of ¹⁴C-glucose from ¹⁴C-lactate) were measured in perfused livers from these transplant-improved and transplant-failed rats and from 5 normal control and 5 nontransplanted diabetic rats. Basal glucose and urea output were similar in livers of transplant-improved and control rats, whereas gluconeogenesis was significantly increased in the transplant-improved group. Basal glucose and urea output and gluconeogenesis were significantly increased in the transplant-failed and nontransplanted diabetic rats; however, the values for all three parameters were significantly lower in the transplant-failed than in the diabetic rats. Glucagon (10^?10M) significantly increased glucose output in livers of transplant-improved and control rats but not in transplant-failed or nontransplanted diabetic rats, and glucagon significantly increased ¹⁴C-glucose production only in livers of control rats. The progressive increases (above normal) in basal glucose and urea output and in gluconeogenesis, together with increasing refractoriness of glucose output and gluconeogenesis to glucagon in transplant-improved, transplant-failed, and diabetic rats agreed fairly well with the progressive decrease in the plasma insulin/glucagon molar ratio in these respective groups. These findings suggest that pancreatic islets implanted in the livers of diabetic rats may influence hepatic metabolism in proportion to the degree of normalization of plasma insulin and glucagon levels.     

重症感染老年患者治疗前后痰培养结果的临床研究

目的探讨内分泌科重症感染老年患者抗感染治疗前后痰培养结果的改变以及影响患者预后的因素,以降低感染率。方法选取内分泌科收治的重症感染老年患者87例,于治疗前以及治疗后每周进行1次痰培养,记录培养结果;在患者治疗4周后,根据治疗效果将其分为有效组58例和无效组29例,对两组患者的临床资料进行统计,分析影响治疗效果的因素。结果经治疗,继续接受治疗患者逐渐减少,但痰培养细菌阳性率逐渐升高,在第4周,仍然有36例患者接受治疗,这些患者痰培养全部为阳性;治疗前共检出病原菌66株,其中革兰阴性菌51株占77.27%,革兰阳性菌10株占15.15%,真菌4株占6.06%;随着治疗时间的推移,接受治疗患者的病原菌谱无显著性变化;随着治疗的进行,菌株清除率逐渐升高,但是也不断的有新菌株定植;无效或死亡患者中肾功能不全者明显多于显效有效患者,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论铜绿假单胞菌是内分泌科重症感染老年患者常见病原菌,且随着治疗患者的细菌菌谱也随之变化,在临床治疗过程中应根据药敏试验选择敏感抗菌药物的同时适当应用广谱抗菌药物,同时主要保护患者的肾功能。