情绪释放技术对乳腺癌术后化疗患者预期性悲伤的影响

目的 探讨情绪释放技术对改善乳腺癌术后化疗患者预期性悲伤的效果。方法 采用便利抽样法选取乳腺癌术后化疗患者60例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和干预组,各30例。对照组给予常规护理,干预组在对照组的基础上实施情绪释放干预疗法。比较干预前后2组心理痛苦程度和预期性悲伤得分水平。结果 干预后,干预组心理痛苦程度低于对照组(t=-17.930,P＜0.001);预期性悲伤总分及各维度得分均低于对照组(P＜0.001)。结论 对乳腺癌术后化疗患者应用情绪释放技术进行护理干预,可以减轻患者心理痛苦程度,降低患者预期性悲伤,值得临床推广应用。     

Clinical implications of additional posterior fractures in combined anterior-posterior pelvic ring fractures in elderly patients

ObjectivesHistorically, pelvic ring fractures (PRF) are considered to occur predominantly in the anterior ring and therfore to be mechanically stable. Combined anterior and posterior (A + P) PRF are expected to be less mechanically stable and therefore to be associated with higher levels of pain and reduced mobility compared to isolated anterior fractures. The current study investigates the clinical relevance of combined A + P PRF in elderly patients.MethodsA prospective multicentre cohort study was conducted in patients >70 years of age with anterior PRF after low-energy trauma diagnosed on conventional radiographs. All patients underwent an additional CT-scan. Patients were divided into two groups; isolated anterior or combined A + P fractures. Patients were treated conservatively with adequate analgesia for at least one week. If patients could not be mobilised after conservative treatment, surgical fixation was performed. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain scores, dependence on walking aids and Activities of Daily Living scores (ADL) were measured at 2–4 weeks, and 3, 6 and 12 months after fracture.Results102 patients (age 81.1 ± 7.6 years) were included. Isolated anterior fractures were diagnosed in 25 (24.5%) and A + P fractures in 77 (75.5%) patients. Baseline characteristics did not differ between the two groups. Most patients were successfully treated conservatively and 5 (4.9%) underwent percutaneous trans-iliac, trans-sacral screw fixation after failure of conservative treatment. At 2–4 weeks post trauma, patients with A + P fractures had similar median pain scores (3 (range 0–8) vs. 5 (0–10), p = 0.19) and ADL scores (85 (25–100) vs. 78.6 (5–100), p = 0.67), but were more dependent on walking aids (92.8% vs. 72.2%; p = 0.02) compared to patients with isolated anterior fractures. There were no significant differences at 3 months. At one year follow-up the median NRS pain and ADL scores for both fracture groups were 0 and 100, respectively. Mortality was 10.8%, and additional loss to follow-up was 17.6%.ConclusionsThe vast majority of elderly patients with PRF have combined A + P fractures. The clinical implications of additional posterior pelvic ring fractures in elderly patients appears to be limited.     

To what degree could clinical trials in evidence based medicine reflect reality in the treatment of candidemia?

IntroductionEvidenced based medicine (EBM) is necessary to standardize or treatment for infection since EBM is established based on the results of clinical trials. Entry criteria for clinical trials are very strict, and many patients have difficulties in being enrolled in any clinical trials regarding candidemia. It is questionable if the results of clinical trials reflect the real world of general medicine in this case.Patients and methodsFor the purpose of examining how many patients could join any randomized clinical trials for the treatment of candidemia, we reviewed all the candidemia patients in our institute during 2014–2018. The patients were divided into two groups: patients who were eligible for clinical trials (participation possible group), and those who were not (participation impossible group). Exclusion criteria for clinical trials were set based on previous clinical trials.ResultsA total of 70 patients was enrolled in this study. The median age was 73 years (range 36–93 years). Of these, 41 patients (59%) were male. As for site of infections, catheter related blood stream infection was most frequently seen in 37 (53%). Seventeen patients (24%) were classified as participation possible group and 53 patients (76%) were participation impossible group. Comparing the two groups, participation possible group patients have much better performance status, have less comorbidities and have longer overall survival times than participation impossible group patients.ConclusionOnly 24% of candidemia patients were eligible for the clinical trials. Thus, we can see that clinical trials might not correctly reflect the real world among candidemia patients.     

针刺治疗癌症化疗后恶心呕吐疗效的Meta分析＊

目的 系统评价针刺治疗癌症化疗后恶心呕吐的有效性和安全性。方法 采用计算机检索PubMed、荷兰医学文献数据库（Embase）、Cochrane图书馆（Cochrane Library）、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库（VIP）、万方学术期刊全文数据库（Wan fang）建库至2021年02月28日针刺治疗化疗后恶心呕吐的随机对照试验。采用RevMan5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果 本研究共纳入18篇文献，涉及1538名患者。Meta分析结果显示，针刺治疗化疗后的恶心呕吐在有效率（P<0.01，RR=1.17，95%CI=［1.09，1.26］）、症状完全缓解率（恶心：P<0.01，RR=1.42，95%CI=［1.14，1.76］；呕吐：P=0.01，RR=1.18，95%CI=［1.04，1.34］）及Karnofsky功能状态评分（KPS）（P<0.01，MD=3.97，95%CI=［1.55，6.39］］）等方面均优于对照组。亚组分析显示，消化道肿瘤试验组与对照组治疗有效率相当（P=0.45，RR=1.07，95%CI=［0.89，1.29］）；非消化道肿瘤试验组有效率优于对照组（P<0.01，RR=1.29，95%CI=［1.10，1.52］）。同时，试验组药物不良事件发生数远低于对照组，且针刺不良事件发生数较少。结论 针刺治疗癌症化疗后恶心呕吐是安全的，并可以提高有效率、症状完全缓解率，改善化疗后KPS评分，提高患者生活质量。     

中医药治疗恶性肿瘤化疗后白细胞降低的研究进展＊

白细胞下降是肿瘤化疗最常见的毒副作用之一，常因此导致化疗终止，影响肿瘤有效治疗。目前临床主要应用集落刺激因子治疗（Colony Stimulating Factor， CSF），但近年的研究显示CSF具有刺激肿瘤生长风险。中医采用健脾、养血、补肾等方法治疗肿瘤化疗后白细胞降低取得了良好的临床疗效，尤其是近年受到重视的补肾生髓法，不仅可以防治肿瘤化疗白细胞降低，而且具有一定的抑制肿瘤生长的作用，显示出良好的临床优势。本文通过查阅相关文献，对近年来中医治疗肿瘤化疗导致的白细胞降低的有关进展进行了总结分析，为后续研究提供思路。     

Impact of Neoadjuvant Versus Adjuvant Chemotherapy on the Extent of Axillary Surgery for Clinically Node-Negative Breast Cancers of Triple-Negative and HER2-Overexpressing Phenotypes

BackgroundBreast cancer patients with triple-negative or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing phenotypes are recommended to receive chemotherapy for primary tumors greater than 1 cm regardless of nodal status. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may eradicate subclinical nodal metastases and reduce the extent of axillary surgery performed.Patients and MethodsA query of the National Cancer Database Participant User File was performed for new cases of female breast cancer from 2012 to 2015. Inclusion criteria were clinical N0 status, receipt of chemotherapy, and receipt of axillary surgery. Exclusions included hormone-positive/HER2-negative tumors and/or distant metastatic disease. Subjects were divided into groups by receipt of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary end point was the extent of axillary surgery, defined as sentinel lymph node biopsy alone or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Subgroup analyses were performed on the basis of tumor phenotype and surgery of the primary site.ResultsA total of 66,771 female patients were included, 15,967 of whom underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. ALND rates were higher in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (30.6% vs. 28.8%, P < .001). Among tumor phenotypes, the extent of axillary surgery was reduced most significantly for hormone-negative, HER2-positive disease (30.0% vs. 25.8%, P < .001). ALND rates were more substantially reduced for patients who underwent mastectomy (41.3% vs. 36.1%, P < .001) compared to partial mastectomy (21.8% vs. 20.1%, P = .002). Adjuvant chemotherapy was an independent predictor of ALND (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-1.33).ConclusionNeoadjuvant chemotherapy reduces the extent of axillary surgery in clinically node-negative, nonluminal breast cancers.     

Glutathione S-transferase Polymorphisms in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Chemotherapy and/or Radiotherapy

Background/Aim: The Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are important carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes. Polymorphisms involved in these enzymes can modulate the development and treatment of head and neck cancer. To investigate the association of GSTs polymorphisms with head and neck cancer and risk factors, clinical-pathological features, and survival time of the patients treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Methods: The GST gene polymorphisms were evaluated in 197 cases and 514 controls by PCR-RFLP-Polymerase Chain Reaction Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Results: The GSTP-313 was associated with a decreased risk for HNSCC (p=0.050). The GSTP1 haplotype analysis revealed a higher frequency of the AC and AT haplotypes in the case group than in the control group (p=0.013 and p=0.019, respectively), and the opposite for G-C haplotype (p = 0.015). Yet, the different combinations between the genotypes were associated with an increased risk of cancer. The study showed no association between the polymorphisms and primary tumor site, clinical-pathological characteristics, treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy) and survival time of the patients. Conclusion: The GST polymorphisms combination showed an increased risk for carcinogenesis, and studies with larger casuistry can contribute to the clarification of the role in individual patient differences for the response to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and identify biomarkers of susceptibility.