Sporadic hypokalemic paralysis caused by osmotic diuresis in diabetes mellitus

A wide variety of neurological manifestations are known in patients with diabetes mellitus. We describe a 40-year-old man who presented with hypokalemic paralysis. On evaluation, we found that the cause of the hypokalemia was osmotic diuresis induced by marked hyperglycemia due to undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. The patient had an uneventful recovery with potassium replacement, followed by glycemic control with insulin. Barring a few instances of symptomatic hypokalemia in the setting of diabetic emergencies, to our knowledge uncomplicated hyperglycemia has not been reported to result in hypokalemic paralysis.     

Dynamic Imaging of Paralytic Eyelid Disorders

Purpose: Eyelid dysmotility may result from trauma, tumors, inflammation, infection, and a variety of other conditions. In these cases, a mechanical effect is disrupting a normal neuromuscular apparatus. Dysmotility can also be caused by paralytic eyelid disorders; included in this broad category are neurologic and myogenic disorders of eyelid opening and/or closure. Secondary effects include spastic eyelid closure and synkinesis syndromes. These conditions, by definition, are disorders of movement, and can only be studied adequately using dynamic imaging techniques.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed. Ninety abstracts were reviewed.

Results: Dynamic eyelid imaging has evolved dramatically over the past two decades, at least partially due to the rise of inexpensive digital technology. Magnetic search coil imaging, high- and low-speed videography, electromyography, and high-resolution microscopy coil magnetic resonance imaging each has its advantages and disadvantages, an understanding of which will guide appropriate selection of technology in any given clinical situation.

Conclusions: Dynamic eyelid imaging is useful to study dysmotility. The optimal technique depends upon the clinical setting and the physiologic or pathologic topic of interest. To our knowledge, a report of this type has not been previously summarized.     

甲亢性周期性瘫痪心电图、心肌酶变化及临床特点分析

目的分析甲亢性周期性瘫痪患者心电图、心肌酶变化及临床特点。方法回顾性分析1997年1月~2009年5月间甲亢合并周期性瘫痪（TPP）患者31例,分析其临床发病特点及心电图、心肌酶在发病前后的变化特点。结果 TPP心电图异常18例,其中窦性心动过缓占35.2%,表现为T波低平,ST段下降,P-R间期延长,可见U波。窦性心动过速占12.9%,2例出现传导阻滞。发病时血清钾均低于正常。7例出现心肌酶升高。结论及时发现心电图变化,及早补钾纠正心律失常,早期积极治疗甲亢是治疗TPP的关键。     

Facial nerve paralysis caused by middle ear cholesteatoma and effects of surgical intervention

Conclusions. The clinical and surgical findings of this study indicated advanced cholesteatoma in many patients with facial paralysis. The outcome of facial paralysis was good. Poor outcomes were observed in cases with petrosal cholesteatoma and in those who underwent surgery ≥2 months after the onset of paralysis. Objective. To investigate clinical features of cholesteatoma associated with facial paralysis. Material and methods. Sixteen patients with facial paralysis due to middle ear cholesteatoma were reviewed. After removal of the cholesteatoma lesion, a limited area of the fallopian canal, that in which facial nerve edema or redness was evident, was opened. Incision of the epineural sheath for nerve decompression was not performed. Results. Initial paralysis was incomplete in 11 patients (69%). The onset of paralysis was sudden in 12 patients (75%). Labyrinthine fistulae (n=9; 56%) and bone destruction in the cranial fossa (n=10; 63%) were frequently observed. Six patients (38%) were totally deaf due to labyrinthitis. The outcome of facial paralysis was good in 13 patients (81%). Patients who underwent surgery ≥2 months after the onset of paralysis frequently had a poor outcome. Paralysis was not improved in two cases with petrosal cholesteatoma.     

针刺调跷脉合维脉治疗动眼神经麻痹临床研究

目的观察针刺调跷脉合维脉为主治疗动眼神经麻痹的临床效果。方法选取重庆市中医院眼科2016年1月—2019年12月采用简单随机化分组的方法,将患者分为治疗组和对照组,每组25例。治疗组采用针刺调跷脉合维脉为主结合常规取穴的针刺法,对照组采用常规取穴针刺法。观察2组治疗效果并进行对照分析。结果治疗组总有效率92.00%(23/25),对照组总有效率80.00%(20/25),治疗组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针刺调跷脉合维脉为主治疗动眼神经麻痹的疗效明显。     

中西医结合治疗动眼神经麻痹疗效观察

目的了解中西医结合法治疗动眼神经麻痹的临床疗效。方法对我院2012-03—2014-03收治的动眼神经麻痹患者进行抽样,择取74例患者随机分成2组,对照组予以基础性西医疗法,实验组在对照组治疗基础上予以中医疗法(包括针刺及服用中药正容汤等),观察2组患者的临床治疗效果。结果实验组总有效率(94.60%)明显高于对照组(64.86%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论中西医结合法治疗动眼神经麻痹临床疗效确切,安全系数高,值得临床大力推广使用。     

Etiología y tratamiento de la parálisis laríngea: estudio retrospectivo de 108 pacientes

ObjectivesTo review the aetiology and treatment of laryngeal paralysis diagnosed at our hospital and to describe the available therapeutic options.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records of 108 patients diagnosed with unilateral and bilateral vocal fold paralysis between 2000 and 2012, identifying the cause of paralysis and its treatment.ResultsOf the 108 cases analysed, 70% had unilateral vocal fold immobility and 30% bilateral immobility. The most frequent aetiology in both cases was trauma (represented mainly by surgical injury), followed by tumours in unilateral paralysis and medical causes in bilateral paralysis. Half of the patients with unilateral paralysis (38) were treated surgically, with medialization thyroplasty. In bilateral vocal fold immobility, the treatment consisted of tracheostomy in patients with threatened airway (40%). We planned to widen the air passage in 9 patients (27%), performing cordectomy in most of them.ConclusionsThe aetiology observed in our patients is similar to that described in the literature. In cases of unilateral vocal fold paralysis, we believe thyroplasty is the procedure of choice. In bilateral paralysis, it is possible to perform cordectomy in selected patients once the airway has been secured.