Chronic bursitis and tenosynovitis revealing Whipple's disease

Joint complaints, most commonly intermittent arthritis, are the initial manifestation in about three-fourths of Whipple's disease cases. We herein report on two cases wherein Whipple's disease manifested itself as chronic bursitis and tenosynovitis at several sites. A 42 year-old man had bilateral olecranon bursitis, a right patellar bursitis and an extensor tenosynovitis on the left wrist and a 54 year-old man had extensor tenosynovitis at both wrists and a bilateral tenosynovitis of the extensors at both ankle. Methotrexate in both patients and etanercept in one of them were not effective. Polymerase chain reaction testing revealed Tropheryma whipplei on feces, bursitis and articular fluid samples. Duodenal biopsy proved to be normal. Doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine were rapidly effective. Chronic bursitis and tenosynovitis must be added to the list of rheumatologic manifestations that may evoke the diagnosis of Whipple disease.     

Granulomatous tenosynovitis: A rare musculoskeletal manifestation of tuberculosis

A patient with tenosynovial tuberculosis affecting the extensor tendons of the wrist and hand is presented. This case highlights the clinical and magnetic resonance features of tuberculous tenosynovitis, and seeks to increase awareness of what may represent a resurgent musculoskeletal entity.     

Co-occurrence of poststreptococcal reactive arthritis and acute glomerulonephritis

Abstract

We report a 16-year-old patient who developed concurrent poststreptococcal reactive arthritis and acute glomerulonephritis. A high titer of antistreptolysin O antibody confirmed the preceding streptococcal infection. The patient presented with symmetric persistent tenosynovitis of hands and feet. Renal biopsy showed typical findings of acute glomerulonephritis with crescent formation. Physicians who treat patients with arthritis of acute onset, especially after throat infection, should be aware of possible urinary abnormalities or renal dysfunction.     

Enhanced MR imaging of tenosynovitis of hand and wrist in inflammatory arthritis

Objective The purpose of this study is to describe the appearance of tenosynovitis in various tendon groups in the wrist and hand and to compare MR enhanced and non-enhanced imaging evaluation of tenosynovitis of hand and wrist in inflammatory arthritis.Design and patients We reviewed 72 MRI studies of hands and wrists, including coronal, axial and sagittal images in 30 consecutive patients with inflammatory arthritis and tenosynovitis. We compared the degree of synovitis on T2-weighted vs contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, using a predetermined scale. We also measured the extent of tenosynovitis in three dimensions. The tendons were assigned to volar, dorsal, ulnar and radial groups in the wrist and to extensor, flexor and thumb groups in the hand. Degree of tenosynovitis (graded 0–3), cross-sectional area and volume of the inflamed synovium in various tendon groups were then compared by statistical analysis.Results Review of the medical records revealed the following diagnoses in our patient population: rheumatoid arthritis (n=16), unspecified inflammatory polyarthritis (n=9), psoriatic arthritis (n=2), CREST syndrome (n=1), systemic lupus erythematosus (n=1), paraneoplastic syndrome with arthritis (n=1). The average T2 brightness scores and post-gadolinium enhancement scores were 1.0 and 1.7, respectively (P<0.001) in the wrist studies. The average T2 brightness scores and post-gadolinium enhancement scores were 0.7 and 1.4, respectively (P<0.001) in the hand studies. The average sensitivity of T2-weighted imaging for detection of tenosynovitis was 40% in the hand and 67% in the wrist tendons, when contrast-enhanced images were used as a reference. Carpal tunnel flexor tendons were the most frequently affected tendons of the wrist. The most frequently affected tendons of the hand were second and third flexor tendons. The hand flexors demonstrated higher degrees of enhancement and larger volumes of the inflamed tenosynovium than did the hand extensors and tendons of the thumb.Conclusion Enhanced MR imaging of the hand and wrist is a superior technique for detection of tenosynovitis. We observed carpal tunnel flexor tendons to be the most frequently affected tendons of the wrist. The flexor tendons of the second and third digits were the most frequently affected tendons of the hands. Higher contrast-enhancement scores and inflammation were noted in the hand flexor than in the extensor tendons.     

巨刺法及其在上肢疼痛疾患中的应用

Contralateral Needling is an ancient needling method recorded in Nei Jing (Inner Canon).It said in the Guan Zhen chapter of Ling Shu (chapter of needling technique of Spiritual Pivot) that contralateral needling is to needle the points on contralateral side to the affected side of the body.Strictly speaking,it is a method of point selection[1,2].By adopting the concept of treating yang aspect by needling yin aspect and treating yin aspect by needling yang aspect to contralateral needling method,we have treated upper-limb conditions such as periarthritis of shoulder, external humeral epicondylitis,styloiditis of radius,and tenovaginitis of flexor digitorum,and it was summarized as follows.     

痛点注射与针刀治疗屈指肌腱狭窄性腱鞘炎的临床观察

目的观察痛点注射与针刀治疗屈指肌腱狭窄性腱鞘炎的临床效果。方法将 119例屈指肌腱狭窄性腱鞘炎患者随机分成2组,A组为对照组56例,采用消炎镇痛液局部痛点注射治疗;B组为观察组63例,根据临床症状轻重分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ4度,Ⅰ度采用痛点注射疗法,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ度采用痛点注射加针刀疗法。结果 A组与B组治愈者分别为20例(35．7％)与 52例(82．5％),有效者分别为44例(81．5％)与61例(96．8％),治愈率及有效率B组明显高于A 组(P<0．01),无效率(A组12例,21．4％;B组2例3．2％)及复发率(A组15例,36．4％;B组1例, 1．6％),B组明显低于A组(P<0．01)。结论痛点注射疗法对屈指肌腱狭窄性腱鞘炎症状较轻、病程较短的Ⅰ度患者疗效高,且损伤小。痛点注射加针刀疗法对Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ度患者的疗效好,且不易复发。     

A prolonged case of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Mycobacterium marinum</Emphasis> flexor tenosynovitis: radiographic and histological correlation,and review of the literature

We report on a 30-year-old man with prolonged Mycobacterium marinum flexor tenosynovitis. Due to low clinical suspicion, diagnosis was not made until 8 years after initial presentation. The history and magnetic resonance and tissue examination findings are consistent with mycobacterial tenosynovitis. These findings are presented, together with a review of the literature.     

Imaging techniques in rheumatology: sonography in rheumatoid arthritis

Musculoskeletal ultrasonography has become an important diagnostic tool in rheumatoid arthritis. In Germany it is part of the rheumatology training, and many ultrasound courses provide further education. Only in the last five years the international importance of ultrasound in rheumatology has increased dramatically. Sonography can be performed as a bedside procedure and as an extension of the clinical investigation. It is easily tolerated by the patients, and it can be repeated any time. Sonography can have a great impact on therapeutic decisions. A > or = 5 MHz linear transducer is needed. Most transducers that are used for musculoskeletal ultrasound have about 7.5 MHz. Modern transducers with higher frequencies (>7.5 MHz) and high resolution improve the diagnostic value of the investigation. Sonography is superior to plain radiography to detect erosions as far as the region is accessible by ultrasound. It is more sensitive than the clinical investigation for the detection of synovitis, tenosynovitis, tendinitis, and bursitis as well as for the differentiation of these lesions. Color Doppler sonography aids in evaluating the activity of inflammation and in differentiating intraarticular structures. Carpal- and ulnar neuropathy occur secondary to rheumatoid arthritis and may lead to characteristic nerve swelling. Ultrasound-guided injections into joints and tendon sheets can be performed.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.