P^21和PCNA在肝硬变组织中表达的研究

目的：探讨Ｐ２１、ＰＣＮＡ的相关关系及它们在肝硬变、肝细胞不典型增生（ＬＣＤ）、肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）形成中的作用。方法：运用Ｓ－Ｐ法对６０例单纯肝硬变（不伴癌）、３０例癌旁肝硬变及２７便ＨＣＣ的Ｐ２１、ＨＢｓＡｇ及ＰＣＮＡ表达情况进行实验研究。结果：癌旁肝硬变组织、单纯肝硬变组织、癌组织Ｐ２１阳性率分别为９０％、６８．３３％、６２．９６％,癌旁肝硬变与单纯肝硬变,癌旁肝硬变与癌组织之间判别有显著性意     

P21CIP_1/WAF_1、CD_(44)V_6在恶性卵巢上皮性肿瘤的表达及与淋巴结转移相关研究

目的 :探讨细胞周期调控蛋白 P2 1CIP1 / WAF1 和细胞粘附分子 CD44 V6 在恶性卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的增殖、浸润、转移过程中的作用及相互关系。方法 :采用免疫组化方法 (im munohistochemical assay IHCA)检测 5 5例恶性卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中 P2 1CIP1 / WAF1 蛋白和 CD44 V6 的表达。结果 :(1)恶性卵巢上皮性肿瘤中 P2 1CIP1 / WAF1总体阳性率为 5 5 .5 4% ,其中 期的阳性率为 2 1.43%低于 至 期的阳性率 6 5 .85 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ,伴有淋巴结转移的原发灶中的阳性率 31.5 7%明显低于无淋巴结转移的原发灶中的阳性率 6 6 .6 7% (P<0 .0 5 )。 (2 ) CD44 V6 在 到 期癌组织中表达阳性率差别无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,而在 、 期中强阳性 ( 、 )率 5 3.13%明显高于 、 期 13.0 4%(P<0 .0 5 ) ,在有淋巴结转移的原发灶中的强阳性率 (6 8.42 % )高于无淋巴结转移组 19.44 % (P<0 .0 1)。 (3) P2 1CIP1/ WAF1与 CD44 V6 在有淋巴结转移的原发灶中的表达呈负相关 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :P2 1CIP1 / WAF1 抑制恶性卵巢上皮性肿瘤增殖、浸润、转移 ,而 CD44 V6 作用相反     

大肠癌组织中HPV16、18E6,ras癌基因蛋白表达的研究

为探讨人乳头瘤病毒 16、18型感染与 p2 1ras癌基因协同在大肠癌发生机理中的作用 ,采用SP免疫组化技术 ,检测30例大肠腺瘤、10例腺瘤恶变、5 3例大肠腺癌和 30例正常大肠粘膜组织中HPV16、18E6 ,p2 1ras蛋白并分析其相互关系。结果显示 :腺瘤、腺瘤恶变和腺癌组中E6 ,p2 1ras的阳性表达分别为 36 .7% (11/ 30 )、40 .0 % (12 / 30 ) ,6 0 .0 % (6 / 10 )、70 .0 % (7/ 10 )和 5 4.7% (2 9/ 5 3)、71.7% (38/ 5 3) ,而正常组均呈阴性表达。在腺瘤组中 ,随着上皮不典型性增生程度的加重 ,E6、p2 1ras的阳性表达呈逐渐上升的趋势。腺瘤伴不典型性增生Ⅱ～Ⅲ级组中E6、p2 1ras阳性表达显著高于腺瘤伴不典型性增生Ⅰ级 (P <0 .0 5 )。此外 ,腺瘤、腺瘤恶变及腺癌组中E6与 p2 1ras的双阳性表达差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。在有淋巴结转移组中 ,E6的阳性表达和E6与p2 1ras的双阳性表达均显著高于无淋巴结转移组 (P <0 .0 5 )。提示高危HPV16、18感染并在活化的ras癌基因的协同参与下 ,与本地区大肠癌的发生、发展过程密切相关 ,在腺瘤中同时检测E6、p2 1ras蛋白有可能成为大肠癌早期诊断的免疫学指标之一。     

大肠癌及癌旁粘膜p21~(ras)表达及意义

应用免疫组织化学方法对 12 8例人大肠癌及 32例不同距离癌旁粘膜进行研究。探讨 p2 1ras检测的临床病理学意义。结果 ,正常大肠粘膜、大肠癌、近癌旁粘膜、癌旁 1cm、2 cm、3cm及 5 cm粘膜 p2 1ras阳性率分别为 5 .0 % (1/ 2 0 )、5 2 .3% (6 7/ 12 8)、2 4.7% (18/ 73)、18.8% (6 / 32 )、15 .6 (5 / 32 )、9.4% (3/ 32 )及 9.4% (3/ 32 )。癌旁 3cm、5 cm粘膜的p2 1ras阳性率、阳性强度及分布均与正常粘膜相似 ,但癌旁 1cm、2 cm粘膜 p2 1ras阳性率较高且其中 5 0 %表达强度为(+ + )、(+ + + ) ,提示有 p2 1ras过表达现象。 p2 1ras表达与大肠癌临床病理因素无关。结论 :大肠癌中存在 p2 1ras过表达 ,且在癌旁 1cm、2 cm以内粘膜也存在 p2 1ras过表达可能 ,因此建议 ,在临床行大肠癌切除时 ,安全切缘至少在 3cm以上。     

Different types of structural variation in STRs: HumFES/FPS,HumVWA and HumD21S11

Summary Alleles of the STR systems HumFES/FPS, HumVWA and HumD21S11 were sequenced and analyzed. Sequence data revealed 3 different systems concerning the complexity of their sequence structure. HumFES/FPS belongs to the STR polymorphism with a simple repeat structure. Only 2 subtypes were found with a base substitution in the 5-flanking region and no variation in the repeat region. In the STR system HumVWA the sequence structure of the repeat region is more complex, because 2 tetranucleotide units TCTA and TCTG were present. Additionally allele 14 revealed a completely different sequence structure leading to a different electrophoretic mobility. The repeat region of HumD21S11 is compound in structure. The possibility of variation at 3 positions leads to the occurrence of microheterogeneities in fragments of apparent length. In the upper allele range alleles arise with an additional incomplete TA-repeat.     

The pharmacology of VA21B7: an atypical 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with anxiolytic-like properties in animal models

VA21B7 (3-[2-(4-piperonylpiperazinyl) indolyl] carboxaldehyde) was synthesized as a potential 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist. Even though VA21B7 showed a higher affinity towards 5-HT₃ receptors as compared to other receptors studied, it was not a potent 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist either in the periphery or in the brain. In a simple animal model of anxiety such as the two-compartment box in mice, a remarkable anxiolytic-like effect was found at doses of 2–500 µg/kg IP and also at low oral doses, in the microgram range. These drug doses did not produce any significant effect on spontaneous motor activity of mice. The anxiolytic profile of VA21B7 was further explored using other models of anxiety in rats such as the elevated plus-maze and punished-drinking. VA21B7 was compared with standard 5-HT₃ receptor antagonists such as ondansetron, tropisetron and granisetron, with the 5-HT_1A agent buspirone and with diazepam. In the plus-maze, VA21B7 showed an anxiolytic-like profile after doses of 0.25–0.5 mg/kg IP or 2–4 mg/kg PO which did not modify the number of total entries into the open and closed arms of the maze. Diazepam, granisetron and tropisetron were also effective in this test but not ondansetron and buspirone. VA21B7 was also able to release suppressed behaviour in the punished-drinking test. The dose-response curve was bell-shaped with a peak at 2–4 mg/kg. At variance with other studies, 5-HT₃ receptor antagonists also increased the number of shocks taken in this test and the dose-response curve was also bell-shaped. VA21B7 was not anticonvulsant like diazepam, its anxiolytic action in the light/dark test was not flumazenil-sensitive and there was no rebound anxiogenic effect on withdrawal from chronic VA21B7 treatment for 15 consecutive days. Moreover, VA21B7 was not amnesic like the benzodiazepines but low doses of 2–4 mg/kg reduced the memory deficits induced in rats by scopolamine. Much higher doses were necessary to decrease spontaneous motor activity in rats. Since VA21B7 appears to be well tolerated in rodents at high doses, we think that it is of potential interest as an anxiolytic in humans.     

Prospective feasibility study of a mindfulness-based program for breast cancer patients in the southeastern US

BackgroundMindfulness interventions can improve psychological distress and quality of life (QoL) in cancer survivors. Few mindfulness programs for cancer recovery exist in Southeastern U.S. The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of a modified mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program for breast cancer patients in Birmingham, Alabama. The secondary objective was to explore potential program effects on mindfulness skills and QoL.MethodsThis study was a prospective, quasi-experimental feasibility study conducted over 10 months at a university hospital. Feasibility was achieved if 80% of eligible patients screened enrolled in the study and 70% of enrolled patients attended all 8 program sessions. Effectiveness was estimated by changes in mindfulness and QoL indicators measured with validated scales administered at 3 time points and assessed with a non-parametric Friedman test. Sessions included meditation, yoga, and an attention practice called body scan. There were 3 groups of 2–5 patients.ResultsThe sample totaled 12 patients. Forty-four percent (12/27) of eligible patients enrolled in the study, and two out of 12 enrolled patients completed 8 program sessions, resulting in 16.7% (2/12) retention. However, more than half (66.7%) of participants completed at least 7 sessions. Between baseline and 8-week follow-up, patients demonstrated statistically significant improvements in distress, general wellbeing, and fatigue-related QoL.ConclusionsFeasibility objectives were not achieved. However, a majority of participants (66.7%) completed 7 of 8 program sessions. Program effects were promising for distress, fatigue, and wellbeing. Results warrant further research on MBSR-like programs for breast cancer patients in Alabama.     

Flow-mediated cell stress induction in adherent leukocytes is accompanied by modulation of morphology and phagocytic function

Leukocytes adherent to the surfaces of both vascular biomaterials and normal blood vessels experience blood flow induced shear stress. The goal of the reported studies was to investigate the effect of fluid flow on the morphology, phagocytic function and stress response induction in adherent immune cells. Shear approximating arterial, venous and intermediate levels were applied onto glass-adherent IC21 macrophages in a temperature-controlled parallel plate flow system. The results indicate that fluid flow induces a shear-dependent physiological stress response in adherent macrophages and that significant morphological changes accompany macrophage responses to shear stress. In addition, arterial flow conditions induce not only significant cell polarisation, but also enhanced phagocytic ingestion in glass-adherent IC21 macrophages. These findings suggest that blood flow induced shear stress may not only be consequent to adherent leukocyte activation, but may also be integral to the regulation of adherent leukocyte behaviour in vivo.     

Preliminary study of the incidence of disomy in sperm fractions after MicroSort flow cytometry

Using triple colour fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) we have evaluated, on a blind basis, the disomy level for chromosome 21 and the sex chromosomes in flow cytometric sorted sperm samples. There were no statistically significant differences in the disomy rates when comparing the sorted samples (either for X- or Y-bearing spermatozoa) with non-sorted samples. There were no diploid spermatozoa observed in any sample group after MicroSort processing.     

Short-term and long-term results after early treatment with the castillo morales stimulating plate

The present study is divided into 2 parts: The first explains the concept of stimulating plate therapy at the Muenster Clinic and the second presents a longitudinal study of mouth and tongue posture in trisomy 21 children treated with this concept.47 children underwent a pre-treatment examination (Rec1), and 38 attended a first follow-up examination (Rec2) after an average of 4 months of stimulating plate treatment. The second follow-up examination (Rec3) was on average 53 months after the end of treatment and covered 18 patients. Data acquisition was based on standardized parent questionnaires and standardized clinical examination records. Rec2 showed in part a highly significant improvement in orofacial appearance. These results were confirmed by the parent interview, according to which the mouth and tongue posture improved in 76.3% of the children during the time they were wearing the plate. Even when the plate was not in place, the result remained stable in 65.8% of the patients. Up to Rec3, further improvement was recorded in some results. The symptoms: mouth mostly wide open and tongue mostly protruding way over lips were reduced. The number of children whose tongue was mostly in the oral cavity increased correspondingly.At Rec3, the parents also rated the mouth posture in 88.9% and the tongue posture in 77.7% of the children as stable or further improved.It can be concluded from the results of this study that stimulating plate treatment in combination with physiotherapy provides a long-term improvement in the mouth and tongue posture of children with Down's syndrome.