500 Cases of High-intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Ablated Uterine Fibroids and Adenomyosis

ObjectiveClinical outcomes of 500 high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)-treated uterine fibroids and adenomyosis are analyzed and presented.Materials and methodsThis is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis from a single tertiary medical center. From April 2015 to October 2018, 546 cases were enrolled for the study. After excluding 46 patients with less than 3 months of follow-up period, there were 404 fibroids, 149 adenomyosis and 53 mixed conditions entered for analysis. The patients’ uterine fibroids and adenomyosis were treated by HIFU according to Chongqing Haifu protocol, with 12 cm diameter transducer of focal length 10–16  cm at 0.8 or 1.6 MHz T2-weight MRI imaging was rendered prior to and 3 month post treatment to assess lesion volume change using non-perfusion volume, which was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes including quality of life, subjective satisfaction, adverse events and pregnancy rate were determined using self-reported questionnaires. The mean follow up period ranged from 3 to 38 months with an average of 21 months.ResultsThree months after HIFU-treated uterine fibroids and adenomyosis, the lesion size reduced 40.2% and 46.3%, respectively. Symptoms all improved with better quality of life for the fibroid group, while those with adenomyosis or combined diseases benefit the most from pain control. Serum CA125 decreased significantly for all studied groups, and LDH only showed improvement for fibroids group. Number of adverse events is comparable to Chongqing data (approximately 10.2%), with mostly mild and self-resolving conditions. No permanent sequelae or death was documented. Twelve pregnancies are reported in this cohort.ConclusionHIFU is safe and effective in treating uterine fibroids and adenomyosis. The results are reproducible if standardized treatment schedules are followed. It is a promising treatment alternative with the advantages of precision, non-invasiveness, rapid recovery and readiness for pregnancy.     

不同影像检查在乳腺结构扭曲中的研究进展

我国乳腺癌的发病率占女性恶性肿瘤疾病的首位,结构扭曲病变(architectural distortion,AD)作为触诊阴性乳腺癌的第三最常见影像学表现,也是乳腺癌最早出现的征象,具有重要的临床价值。AD具有较高的漏诊率及假阳性率。本文通过查阅文献,针对超声、乳腺X线摄影、乳腺数字三维断层摄影技术及核磁共振成像技术在乳腺结构扭曲病变中的研究进展及优缺点进行分析,进一步指导科学研究及临床工作。     

2014年中国农村基于超声乳腺癌筛查多中心数据分析

目的为提高国家农村妇女乳腺癌筛查项目效果,第2个周期(2012-2014年)筛查模式调整为基于超声的乳腺癌筛查,本研究通过对2014年度农村妇女乳腺癌筛查数据进行分析,了解基于超声的乳腺癌筛查模式的质量和效果,为完善筛查流程、提高筛查质量和管理水平提供依据。方法采用基于超声的乳腺癌筛查模式为全国35~64岁农村户籍女性进行群体性乳腺癌筛查:先为符合条件的农村女性进行乳腺临床检查联合乳腺超声检查,超声BI-RADS 0、4、5级者进行乳腺X射线检查(mammography,MG),X射线BI-RADS 0、4、5级者进行组织病理检查,乳腺超声、X射线BI-RADS 1、2、3级者进行1年随访。检查数据以统计报表和个案表(筛出乳腺癌患者)形式录入《国家妇幼重大公共卫生项目信息直报系统》。分东、中、西部地区计算乳腺癌召回率、活检率、活检阳性预测值、检出率、早诊率、原位癌比例、早期癌比例、漏检率、假阳性率等主要评估指标;使用χ^2检验对地区间指标结果进行比较。结果2014年为30个省(市、区)697个项目县共1373524名35~64岁农村女性进行了乳腺癌筛查。检出乳腺癌1190例,检出率为0.87‰;东、中、西部地区检出乳腺癌例数分别为404、375和411例,检出率分别为0.90‰、0.86‰和0.84‰,地区间检出率差异无统计学意义,χ^2=1.215,P>0.05。共检出早期乳腺癌1014例,早诊率为85.21%;东、中、西部地区检出早期乳腺癌例数分别为353、323和338例,早诊率分别为87.38%、86.13%和82.24%,地区间早诊率差异无统计学意义,χ^2=4.638,P>0.05。检出原位癌82例,原位癌比例为6.89%;东、中、西部地区分别检出原位癌39、23和20例,原位癌比例分别为9.65%、6.13%和4.87%,原位癌比例地区间差异有统计学意义,χ^2=7.767,P<0.05。检出早期癌(0+Ⅰ期)387例,早期癌比例为32.52%;东、中、西部地区早期癌例数分别为159、115和113例,早期癌比例分别为39.36%、30.67%和27.49%,地区间差异有统计学意义,χ^2=13.922,P<0.01。MG复筛人数为33129人,召回率为2.41%;东、中、西部地区MG复筛人数分别为12827、11616和8686人,召回率分别为2.87%、2.67%和1.77%,地区间差异有统计学意义,χ^2=1386,P<0.01。3088人接受活检,活检率为0.22%;东、中、西部地区接受活检人数分别为1106、1006和976人,活检率分别为0.25%、0.23%和0.20%,地区间差异有统计学意义,χ^2=25.910,P<0.01。超声初筛漏检率为7.23%,其中BI-RADS 3级漏检率为6.89%;MG复筛BI-RADS 3级漏检率3.99%;仅超声检出乳腺癌比例为5.58%。结论2014年中国农村妇女乳腺癌检查项目检出和早诊情况符合相关质控要求,说明基于超声的乳腺癌筛查在中国农村地区可行且有效。但本筛查流程的漏检率仍较高,需进行流程优化。应加强MG和活检设备配置及技术培训,以提高乳腺癌筛查服务能力,从而进一步提高检出率和早诊率。     

Monoamniotic twins discordant for body stalk anomaly

Body stalk anomaly is a rare malformation. This anomaly in monozygotic twins is extremely unusual. We describe a case of monoamniotic pregnancy discordant for body stalk anomaly diagnosed at 11 weeks. Ultrasound showed a fetus with a large anterior abdominal wall defect, anomaly of the spine and no evidence of lower extremities and other with a normal morphology. As far as our concern, only three monoamniotic pregnancies discordant for this malformation were reported. Our case represents the fourth reported monoamniotic pregnancy discordant for body stalk anomaly with diagnosis made by ultrasound and the second diagnosed in the first trimester.     

Validity of Ultrasound Prediction Equations for Total and Regional Muscularity in Middle-aged and Older Men and Women

To test the validity of published equations, 79 Caucasian adults (40 men and 39 women) aged 50–78 y had muscle thickness (MT) measured by ultrasound at nine sites of the body. Fat-free mass (FFM), lean soft tissue mass (LM) and total muscle mass (TMM) were estimated from MT using equations previously published in the literature. Appendicular LM (aLM) was estimated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and this method served as the reference criterion. There were strong correlations (range r = 0.85–0.94) between DXA-derived aLM and estimated FFM, leg LM or TMM. Total error between DXA-derived aLM and TMM (∼2 kg) was lower compared with the three other selected equations (6–10 kg). A Bland-Altman plot revealed that there was no systematic bias between aLM and TMM; however, the other three equations included systematic error. Our results suggest that an ultrasound equation for TMM is appropriate and useful for evaluating skeletal muscle mass in the body.     

功能失调性子宫出血的发病机制及治疗进展

功能失调性子宫出血(功血)是一种常见的妇科内分泌疾病,近年来其发病率逐年上升。其发病机制不明,可能包括神经内分泌功能失调和子宫内膜局部微环境异常两个方面。功血的治疗主要分为药物治疗及非药物治疗,后者包括左炔诺孕酮宫内释放系统、诊断性刮宫术、子宫内膜去除术、介入治疗及子宫切除术。其中高强度聚焦超声子宫内膜去除术是一种新兴技术,可在临床中进一步推广应用。     

Evaluation of tubal microinserts position using 3D ultrasound and pelvic X-ray

PurposeTo retrospectively compare three-dimensional ultrasonography (3D-US) and pelvic X-rays to assess the position of tubal sterilization microinserts.Material and methodsForty-four patients who underwent tubal sterilization with Essure^® microinserts in our institution were included. The microinserts’position was evaluated three months after the procedure using 3D-US and pelvic X-rays. Placement on 3D-US was binary categorized as correct or incorrect and the distance between the two devices was reported. The orientation and symmetric deployment of the microinserts and the distance between the proximal parts of the two devices was assessed on pelvic X-rays. Performance of 3D-US and pelvic X-ray were compared using Mac Nemar test. Comparison of the distance between the two devices measured on pelvic X-rays and 3D-US was made with the paired Student t test.Results3D-US images showed microinserts in 93% (41/44). Eighty-six percent (38/44) were correctly positioned on 3D-US and 82% (36/44) on pelvic X-rays. No significant differences between the performances of the two imaging techniques were found. No significant differences for the distance between the two devices measured on pelvic X-ray and 3D-US was found.Conclusion3D-US is a simple, non-ionizing technique, which appears as a promising alternate technique to pelvic X-rays to assess the correct position of Essure^® microinserts.