Pancreas fat content,insulin homeostasis and circulating endothelial microparticles in male essential hypertensive patients

The pancreas fat content has been poorly investigated in essential hypertension. The authors aim to relate pancreas and liver fat content with parameters measuring insulin resistance, beta‐cell function and also with markers of endothelial dysfunction and platelet or endothelial cell destruction. The authors studied a group of 40 male hypertensive patients with well‐controlled blood pressure, maintaining a stable weight, and having not changed their medication during the last year. Pancreas fat content was correlated with HOMA‐IR (r = .616, p < .001), HOMA‐S (r = −.439, p < .005), beta cell function parameter (r = .457, p < .005), and QUICKI (r = .412, p < .01), whereas liver fat was not patients in the highest quartile of pancreas fat content had more circulating endothelial microparticles than patients in the other quartiles (median 129 [94.3–200] vs. 60.9 [49.4–88.8], p = .002). However, patients in the highest quartile of the pancreas fat content distribution did not differ from the lowest in hyperemic response after ischemia nor circulating platelet microparticles count. Liver fat content was not related to any of the parameters studied. In a multivariate stepwise binary logistic regression analysis (Wald Method) circulating endothelial microparticles remain significantly associated with pancreas fat content after adjusting for confounding factors, such as tobacco, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, or metabolic syndrome. Our results reflect that in essential hypertension, pancreas fat content is superior to liver fat to study beta‐cell functionality and insulin resistance. Moreover, the authors described for the first time that pancreas fat content is related to endothelial cell destruction. Further studies are needed to confirm this point.     

Sonographic appearance of focal fatty infiltration of the pancreas

We report the sonographic, CT, and MRI findings in a case of focal fatty infiltration of the pancreas. Sonography revealed an echogenic mass in pancreas head. On CT, the mass was hypodense. The mass showed same signal intensity to the surrounding normal pancreas on in‐phase T1‐weighted MR images and a loss of signal intensity on opposed‐phase MR images. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010     

SD大鼠正常胰腺MRI表现

目的 观察SD大鼠正常胰腺MRI表现.方法 对9只健康SD大鼠行MR平扫及增强扫描,观察胰腺形态、分布、位置毗邻及信号特点.之后处死大鼠,观察其胰腺解剖及组织学表现.结果 共8只大鼠顺利完成MR扫描,1只因麻醉死亡.MRI显示胰腺位于胃、脾脏及左肾之间,分为胃叶、脾叶及十二指肠叶,汇合于胰腺结合部;脾叶信号强度＞十二指...     

胰腺十二指肠联合损伤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨胰腺十二指肠联合损伤的诊断和治疗方法,以提高临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析11例胰腺十二指肠联合损伤的临床资料.胰头十二指肠联合损伤7例,胰体十二指肠联合损伤4例;全组施行胰十二指肠切除术2例,胰头、十二指肠修补术5例(包括胰头修补+十二指肠修补术1例,胰头修补+带蒂空肠瓣十二指肠修复术2例,胰头、十二指肠修补+十二指肠憩室化手术2例);胰体尾部修补+十二指肠修补术1例,带脾脏胰体尾部切除+十二指肠修补术1例,胰体尾切除+十二指肠切除+空肠十二指肠端端吻合术2例.结果 术后3例发生胰漏(27.3%),经持续低负吸引治愈.全组9例痊愈(81.8%),2例死亡(18.2%).结论 早期诊断、及时手术以及正确的手术方式是治疗成功的关键.     

Fetal pancreatic Langerhans islets size in pregnancies with metabolic disorders

Objective: Metabolic disorders are a pandemic and increasing health problem. Women of childbearing age may also be affected, thus an abnormal metabolism may interfere with pregnancy short- and long-term outcomes, harming both mother and child. In the context of an abnormal maternal and intrauterine metabolic milieu the development of fetal organs, including pancreas, may be affected.

Aim: To investigate the effects of pregnancy metabolic disorders on the morphology of pancreatic Langerhans islets in human late-third trimester stillborn fetuses.

Methods: Samples from fetal pancreas underwent a quantitative histological evaluation to detect differences between pregnancy with (cases, n?=?9) or without (controls, n?=?6) abnormal metabolism.

Results: Results show that the islets size increases in fetuses from dysmetabolic pregnancies and that this increment is related to both beta-cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Moreover, according to pregnancy and fetal metabolic disorders, a threshold of abnormal size of the islets has been identified. Above this threshold the size of fetal pancreatic Langerhans islets should be considered excessively increased.

Conclusion: The study suggests that an accurate fetal pancreas analysis supplies an important tool in stillborn fetus, to discover metabolic disturbances that should be kept in mind and managed in future pregnancies.     

Cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall in heterotopic pancreas: A case report

Cystic dystrophy of the duodenal wall is a rare benign disease characterized by development of multiple cysts in heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the duodenal wall. A forty-five-year-old male came to the emergency department of our hospital complaining of severe abdominal pain and vomiting. Computerized tomography (CT) scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis had been done. The patient was treated by pancreaticoduodenectomy.     

未成年人胰腺实性假乳头状瘤临床特点及预后

 摘要：目的 探讨未成年人胰腺实性假乳头状瘤疾病特点、治疗方法及预后。方法 结合文献及我院收治的四例未成年人胰腺实性假乳头状瘤病例，分析未成年人胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的临床表现、病理特点、与性激素受体及生长发育的关系、治疗方法及预后。结果 未成年人胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的临床表现与成人大致相同，但表现出明显的生长发育障碍，如本组病例中各患者的第二性征发育迟滞等表现。手术切除肿瘤后生长发育迟缓可得到逆转。治疗方法为保证肿瘤完整切除的前提下保留尽可能多的脏器，以减少对术后生长发育的影响。本组四例患者手术治疗的前提均为手术创伤最小化。未成年人胰腺实性假乳头状瘤预后目前尚无定论。结论 在对未成年人胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的诊治过程中应充分考虑到患者的未成年特点，以保证患者术后继续生长发育及长期生活质量。     

Somatostatin receptor 1–5; expression profiles during rat development

Abstract

Background. Somatostatin acts through five receptor subtypes (SSTRs 1–5). We aimed to investigate SSTRs mRNA expression and protein distribution in whole rat embryos, with special emphasis on the pancreas.

Material and methods. Rat embryos were collected on embryonal days 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, and at birth. Presence of SSTRs was investigated with RT-PCR techniques and immunohistochemistry.

Results. There was no SSTR5 mRNA expression in the whole rat embryos. All SSTR1–5 proteins were observed at embryonal day 10, but the localization varied between the different subtypes. From day 11 to birth SSTRs protein presence increased with time in major structures such as skin and cartilage. It remained similar over time in the heart and liver. In the fetal pancreas mRNA expression of SSTR2 and 4 was detected at day 14, and there was an increase up to birth. Only SSTR1 protein co-localized to a higher extent with the islet hormones studied. SSTR2 was present in all islet endocrine cells except for β-cells. In contrast, the immunostaining for SSTR3–4 was co-localized with insulin and PP, and, finally, SSTR5 with glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide. In mRNA isolated from whole rat embryos SSTR1-2 and SSTR4 expression showed a peak at day 14, while SSTR3 mRNA was not present until day 15.

Conclusion. The present data suggest a role for SSTRs during the development of the rat embryo. Subsequent functional studies may elucidate regulatory roles of specific SSTRs for the growth and differentiation of the pancreas as well as other organs.