慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV DNA水平与肝纤维化标志物的关系

目的研究慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV复制水平和肝纤维化血清学标志物的关系。方法入选临床确诊为慢性乙型肝炎的157例患者，其中49例为早期肝硬化，采用荧光定量PCR检测血清HBVDNA水平，放射免疫法和酶免疫法检测肝纤维化血清标志物：透明质酸、层黏蛋白、Ⅲ型前胶原N端肽和Ⅳ型胶原，对血清HBVDNA水平和肝纤维化标志物的关系进行研究分析，并对49例早期肝硬化患者和108例无肝硬化患者的血清HBVDNA及肝纤维化血清标志物水平进行比较。结果慢性乙型肝炎患者的血清HBVDNA水平和肝纤维化标志物水平无显著相关性（P〉0．05），早期肝硬化患者的血清肝纤维化标志物水平显著高于无肝硬化的患者，而HBVDNA水平却低于无肝硬化的患者（P〈0．05）。结论慢性乙型肝炎患者的血清HBVDNA水平和肝纤维化标志物水平无显著相关性。     

Immunoperoxidase staining of hepatitis C virus in formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded needle liver biopsies

The localization of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the liver has not been well clarified. We report successful indirect immunoperoxidase staining of the HCV core antigen using polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits and conventional formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded needle biopsy sections of liver. The core antigen was distributed in a fine granular pattern diffusely, perisinusoidally, or focally within the hepatocellular cytoplasm of livers from patients with HCV infection. The staining tended to show a more heterogeneous pattern in terms of intensity and distribution in cases of more advanced disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells were also frequently stained. HCV immunostaining will provide important information on the pathogenesis and treatment of HCV-related liver diseases.     

鸟苷结合蛋白1对柯萨奇病毒B3及乙型肝炎病毒体外介导的不同作用

目的构建人鸟苷结合蛋白1（hGBP-1）真核表达质粒，观察hGBP-1体外对柯萨奇病毒B3（CVB3）和乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的抑制作用。方法长链RT-PCR扩增全长hGBP-1编码区基因，克隆到pCR2．1TA克隆载体，再亚克隆到pcDNA3．1（-）真核表达载体。体外转染HepG2细胞和Hela细胞，Western blot检测hGBP-1的表达。然后分别观察转染细胞中hGBP-1对HBV体外复制子pHBV1．3和CVB3的抑制作用。ELISA检测共转染HepG2细胞培养L清HBsAg、HBeAg水平；Southern blot检测细胞HBVDNA复制中间体。TCID50试验检测Hela细胞培养物中CVB3感染量。结果成功构建hGBP-1真核表达质粒，能在HepG2细胞和HeLa细胞进行高效表达。该质粒与pHBV1．3共转染HepG2细胞，不能抑制HBV复制，HBsAg、HBeAg及HBV DNA复制中间体水平与对照相比都无明显变化。转染质粒在HeLa细胞上对CVB3复制有明显的抑制作用，CVB3感染量显著降低，尤其在低剂量病毒攻击时能完全抑制CVB3复制。结论hGBP-1可能在IFN介导的抗CVB3中起重要作用，但不能抑制HBV的复制。     

Molecular mechanisms of virus-induced carcinogenesis: the interaction of viral factors with cellular tumor suppressor proteins

Accumulating evidence indicates that tumor viruses represent a major etiological factor in a significant portion of human cancers. These cancers include human papillomavirus induced anogenital cancers, hepatitis B and C virus associated hepatocellular carcinomas, nasopharyngeal carcinomas and lymphomas linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection, and human T cell leukemia virus associated adult T cell leukemias. This review summarizes the recent progress made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of viral carcinogenesis, with a particular focus on the interaction of viral factors with cellular tumor suppressor proteins. The functional inactivation of tumor suppressor proteins may represent a common strategy by which several tumor viruses contribute to malignant cell transformation.Abbreviations EBV Epstein-Barr virus - E6AP E6-associated protein - HBV Hepatitis B virus - HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma - HPV Human papillomavirus - HTLV Human T cell leukemia virus - pRb Retinoblastoma protein - RB Retinoblastoma - SV40 Simian virus 40     

Solid-phase radioimmunoassay for hepatitis be antigen (HBeAg)

Summary A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was developed for the detection of HBeAg and anti-HBe in sera or serum fractions. HBe/sAg positive sera, partially purified HBeAg, partially purified HBsAg, and HBe/sAg negative sera were polymerized in polyacrylamide and compared for their ability to bind¹²⁵I-IgG (anti-HBe). Only gels containing HBeAg reacted specifically with the iodinated antibody. The specificity of the binding was confirmed by blocking and inhibition tests using anti-HBe, HBeAg, HBsAg, and negative control sera. The radioimmunoassay allows the specific and quantitative detection of HBeAg and anti-HBe even in the presence of detergents and high salt concentrations.

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Abbreviations HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen - HBeAg hepatitis Be antigen - HBe/sAg hepatitis Be antigen and surface antigen - anti-HBe antibody to hepatitis Be antigen     

慢性乙肝患者血清趋化因子RANTES水平与肝功能生化指标等的相关性研究

Objective To investigate the level of the serum chemokine RANTES and its correlation with serum biochemical indices of liver function test, HBeAg and HBV DNA load in patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods 144 patients with chronic hepatitis B (observed group) and 18 normal cases (control group) were enrolled in this study. The serum level of chemokine RANTES was detected with an ABC-ELISA assay. Statistical analysis was performed on the software of SPSS13.0. Results The serum chemokine RANTES level in the observed group (3930.12 ng/ml±2856.96) ng/ml was significantly higher than that in the control group (329.46 ng/ml±152.23) ng/ml. The results from the observed group indicated the positive correlation of serum RANTES level with indices of liver function test, including ALT (r=0. 197, P=0.018), AST(r=0.239, P=0.004) and TBil (r=0.316, P=0.001), but did not with PTA (r=-0.078, P=0.357). Neither difference of serum chemokine RANTES level between HBeAg-positive group and HBeAg-negative group nor that between high HBV DNA load group (≥105 copies/ml) and low HBV DNA load group (< 105 copies/ml) were statistically significant (P=0.407 and 0.185, respectively). Conclusions Serum chemokine RANTES level in patients with chronic hepatitis B elevates significantly and is not affected by HBeAg or HBV DNA load. Its positive correlation with indices of liver function test indicates that RANTES might play an important rule in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B.     

陕西、青海、新疆三省(区)部分人群庚型肝炎病毒血清学调查

目的：调查陕西、青海、新疆三省（区）部分人群庚型肝炎病毒（HGV／GBV）血清学特征。方法：采用ELISA方法，共调查三省（区）1469份血清中GBV－IgG抗体。结果：少数民族血清GBV－IgG抗体的阳性率（藏族4．11％，蒙古族5．36％，维吾尔族4．55％，回族4．00％）略高于汉族（1．36％－1．73％），但差异无显著性（P＞0．05）；吸毒人群GBV－IgG阳性率（11．30％，34／301）明显高于正常人群（2．44％，18／736），（P＜0．01）；献血员GBV－IgG阳性率为1．02％－7．68％。结论：三省区民族间GBV－IgG抗体阳性差异无显著性，血源性传播是其重要途径，应加强对献血员及吸毒人员的监管。     

聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎的疗效和安全性

目的 探讨聚乙二醇α-2a干扰素（PEG INFα-2a）治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎的疗效和安全性。方法 按随机对照原则选择80例HBV DNA、HBeAg阳性的慢性乙型肝炎患者，按1：1随机分配进入PEG INFa-2a组和IFNα-2a组。结果 治疗6个月时，PEG INFα-2a组HBeAg血清转换率（45．7％）高于IFNα-2a组（35．1％），但P〉0．05。停药6个月后，持续的HBeAg血清转换率分别为48．6％和37．8％，P〉0．05。停药6个月后，持续的HBVDNA阴转率分别为62．9％和45．9％，P〉0．05。治疗后，两组的丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）复常率差异无显著性，为62．9％和45．9％，停药后6个月，两组的联合应答率分别为57．1％和40．5％。PEG INFα-2a组有3例患者HBsAg阴转，而IFNα-2a组仅有1例患者HBsAg阴转。两组有相似的不良反应，不良反应间差异无统计学意义，两组治疗过程中均未发生重要的不良事件。结论PEG INFα-2a治疗HBeAg阳性的慢性乙型肝炎疗效优于普通干扰素IFN-2a，耐受性和安全性好。     

丙型肝炎病毒基因分型及其与干扰素治疗应答的关系

目的为了解山西省丙型肝炎病毒的基因型和基因型对干扰素疗效的预示价值。方法用ＨＣＶ５’ＮＣ区酶切分型方法对９４例丙型肝炎病人进行基因分型，并观察其中４５例患者对干扰素α１ｂ治疗的应答。结果显示ＨＣＶⅠ组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ型）感染８０例（８５１％），ＨＣＶⅡ组（Ⅲ、Ⅳ型）感染１２例（１２８％），ＨＣＶⅠ／Ⅱ组混合感染２例（２１％）。在接受干扰素治疗的病例中，ＨＣＶⅠ组感染（３５例）的应答率为３７１％，持续应答率为１７１％，而Ⅱ组感染（１０例）的应答率为８０％，持续应答率为６０％，两组相比，有显著性差异（Ｐ＜００５，Ｐ＜００２５）。结论表明山西省以ＨＣＶⅠ组感染为主，干扰素对ＨＣＶⅡ组感染的疗效优于ＨＣＶⅠ组感染，ＨＣＶ基因型有预测干扰素疗效的意义。