早产儿脑病的研究现状

近年来,国内外早产发生率呈不断增加的趋势。由于新生儿救治水平的提高,早产儿的存活率也在显著提高,然而幸存的早产儿容易发生脑损伤,已经成为一个严重的公共健康问题。围产期缺氧缺血、感染/炎症是早产儿脑病发生的重要因素,造成少突胶质前体细胞与皮层等处神经元的损伤。脑室周围白质的弥漫性损伤与神经元/轴突的破坏是当前早产儿脑病的重要特点,导致认知、行为障碍、脑瘫等后遗症。近年来,影像学特别是磁共振在临床诊断及随访早产儿脑病中起非常重要作用。本文总结了早产儿脑病的特点及诊断方式,以期为早产儿脑病的临床防治策略提供新的方向。     

急性一氧化碳中毒患者血浆同型半胱氨酸浓度与血清TNF—α水平的相关性临床研究

目的探讨急性一氧化碳（CO）中毒患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）浓度与血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平与病情严重程度和对预后的关系。方法将82例急性CO中毒患者分为三组：A组轻度组、B组中度组和C组重度组,应用ELISA法对82例急性CO中毒患者的血浆Hcy浓度与血清TNF-α水平进行检测。结果重度组与中度组Hcy与TNF-α水平均明显高于轻度中毒组（P〈0．01）,且重度组明显高于中度组（P〈0．05）;迟发性脑病患者均发生在重度组,其Hey与TNF-α水平与其他组的比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论检测急性CO中毒患者的血浆Hcy浓度与血清TNF-α水平,有助于评估急性期脑组织受损的严重程度及预测迟发性脑病的发生。     

新生儿胆红素脑病脑损伤的MRI征象分析

目的 分析新生儿胆红素脑病脑损伤的MRI征象特征及诊断价值.方法 选取2018年7月至2019年8月在我院治疗的经病理学检查确诊为胆红素脑病脑损伤患儿76例为研究对象,并以同期健康新生儿50例为对照组,回顾性分析胆红素脑病脑损伤患儿MRI、CT图像,观察其MRI征象,并比较MRI及CT对新生儿胆红素脑病脑损伤的诊断效能...     

Changes in the treatment of pediatric acute encephalopathy in Japan between 2015 and 2021: A national questionnaire-based survey

BackgroundAlthough acute encephalopathy (AE) is the most serious disorder associated with a viral infection in childhood and often causes death or neurological sequelae, standard treatments have not been established. In 2016, the Japanese Society of Child Neurology published the “Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Encephalopathy in Childhood 2016” (AE GL 2016). We conducted a questionnaire survey to evaluate the status of the treatment of pediatric AE in 2021 and the changes in treatment before and after the publication of the AE GL 2016.MethodsIn October 2021, questionnaires were mailed via the web to members of two mailing lists who were involved in the practice of pediatric neurological disorders.ResultsMost Japanese physicians (98 %) engaged in the treatment of pediatric AE used the AE GL 2016 as a clinical reference. From 2015 to 2021, the number of institutions that implemented targeted temperature management (TTM), vitamin administration, and continuous electroencephalographic monitoring increased significantly. Regarding the targeted temperature for TTM, the proportion of patients who were treated with normothermia (36.0–37.0 °C) increased from 2015 (55 %) to 2021 (79 %). The use of corticosteroids in patients with AE caused by a cytokine storm, which is recommended in the AE GL 2016, had already been implemented in most institutions by 2015.ConclusionThe AE GL 2016 could be used to disseminate the knowledge accumulated to date. Evidence of the efficacy and proper indication criteria for the treatment of AE is insufficient and must be further accumulated.     

QuickStroop,a Shortened Version of EncephalApp,Detects Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy With Similar Accuracy Within One Minute

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Early mobilisation for prevention and treatment of delirium in critically ill patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveDoes early mobilisation as standalone or part of a bundle intervention, compared to usual care, prevent and/or shorten delirium in adult patients in Intensive Care Units?BackgroundEarly mobilisation is recommended for the prevention and treatment of delirium in critically ill patients, but the evidence remains inconclusive.MethodSystematic literature search in Pubmed, CINAHL, PEDRo, Cochrane from inception to March 2022, and hand search in previous meta-analysis. Included were randomized trials or quality-improvement projects. meta-analysis was performed for Odds Ratios or mean differences including 95% Confidence Intervals for presence/duration of delirium. Risk of bias was assessed by using Joanna Briggs Quality criteria. meta-regression was performed to analyse heterogeneity.ResultsThe search led to 13 studies of low-moderate risk of bias including 2,164 patients. Early mobilisation reduced the risk of delirium by 47 % (13 studies, 2,164 patients, low to moderate risk of bias: Odds Ratio 0.53 (95 % Confidence Interval 0.34 till 0.83, p = 0.01), with significant heterogeneity (I² = 78 %, p < 0.001). Early mobilisation also reduced the duration of delirium by 1.8 days (3 studies, 296 patients, low-moderate risk of bias: Mean difference −1.78 days (95 % Confidence Interval −2.73 till −0.83 days, p < 0.001), heterogeneity 0 % (p = 0.41). Other analyses such as low risk of bias studies, randomised trials, studies published ≥ 2017, high intensity, and mobilisation as stand-alone intervention showed no significant results, with conflicting certainty of evidence and high heterogeneity. meta-regression could not explain heterogeneity.ConclusionThere is an uncertain effect of mobilisation on delirium. Provision of early mobilisation to critical ill patients might prevent delirium. There is a possible effect of early mobilisation to shorten the duration of delirium. Due to the heterogeneity in the findings, further research to define the best method and dosage of early rehabilitation is required.     

A nationwide survey of human metapneumovirus-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy in Japan

BackgroundAs there have been no comprehensive reports of human metapneumovirus-associated encephalopathy (hMPVE), this study examined the clinical features of hMPVE in children in Japan.MethodA nationwide survey of children with hMPVE was conducted using a structured research form. An initial survey asked pediatricians about children with hMPVE treated between 2014 and 2018. A second survey obtained patient information from hospitals that responded to the initial survey and those identified as having treated cases from a literature search. We collected demographic data, symptoms of hMPV infection, neurological symptoms, laboratory data, treatment, and outcomes. Outcomes were determined using the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Score.ResultClinical information was available for 16 children. Their median age was 37 months. Six had preexisting neurological disorders. The interval between the onsets of infection and hMPVE was 4 days. Outcomes were good in 11 patients and poor in 5. There were no significant differences in demographic data, neurological symptoms, or laboratory data between the patients with good and poor outcomes. The encephalopathy subtypes were acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion in 3, clinically mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion in 3, hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome in 2, and others in 8.ConclusionThe outcomes of children with hMPVE were not very different from those of acute encephalopathy due to other viruses. We found no factors associated with poor outcomes.