外源性肺表面活性物质对宫内感染所致肺损伤胎兔肺组织白细胞介素-8表达的影响

目的探讨外源性肺表面活性物质(PS)对宫内感染所致肺损伤胎兔肺组织IL-8表达的影响。方法选取健康成年育龄日本大耳白兔19只,成功受孕后随机分为对照组、细菌组、细菌+PS组。建立宫内感染致肺损伤胎兔模型,对照组和细菌组按胎龄又分为21d、22d、23d、24d、26d5个亚组;细菌+PS组分为24d、26d2个亚组。细菌组宫内注射E.coli菌株,细菌+PS组宫内注射E.coli菌株,同时胎兔羊膜腔内注射PS200mg·kg-1,对照组宫内注射9g.L-1盐水。模型建成后分别在各时间点对孕兔行剖宫产,杀取胎兔后取肺组织,以鼠抗兔IL-8单克隆抗体为一抗,用免疫组织化学方法检测其肺组织内IL-8表达;用反转录-PCR检测其IL-8mRNA表达;用Westernblotting方法检测其IL-8蛋白表达;应用SPSS13.0软件进行统计学处理。结果细菌感染后胎兔肺组织IL-8mRNA、IL-8蛋白表达增高,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(Pa=0.000)。免疫组织化学结果显示对照组支气管黏膜上皮细胞、平滑肌细胞、血管内皮细胞及巨噬细胞胞质内可见阳性表达,细菌组和细菌+PS组表达增强,在肺泡上皮细胞胞质也见明显表达...     

细菌耐药的基因机理研究进展

细菌可通过不同机制产生遗传变异,对抗生素产生耐药性。根据遗传特性,将细菌耐药性分为两类：一类是自身基因突变;另一类是获得外源基因。本文对细菌耐药基因机理的研究进展作一综述。     

New Simian β Retroviruses from Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) and Langurs (Semnopithecus Entellus) from Rajasthan, India

Natural infection of feral Indian rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by a new simian β retrovirus, provisionally called simian retrovirus-7 (SRV-7) is described. The virus is capable of in vitro replication in primary human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and B and T cell lines. We have earlier reported a novel SRV, SRV-6 from Indian langurs (Semnopithecus entellus). Additional sequence analyses from gp20 transmembrane (TM) env genes of SRV-6 and SRV-7 place them in a separate cluster, related to but distinct from known exogenous SRVs and also close to the simian endogenous β retrovirus, (SERV) from African baboon. Phylogenetic analyses of pol gene of SRV-7 place it closer to SERV when the stop codons of the SERV genes are removed. On the other hand, additional sequence data from gp70, surface glycoprotein (SU) region of the env gene of SRV-6 suggest it is more closely related to known exogenous SRVs, (SRV-1 to 3). It is also related to the endogenous langur virus, Po-1-Lu. We hypothesize that SRV-6 and SRV-7 probably originated from a progenitor exogenous SRV which recombined with an endogenous SERV in the TM env and pol genes during evolution, based on the phylogenetic analyses. Genbank Accession numbers of the new sequences: SRV-6 TM (gp20) env: AF401239, SRV-6 SU (gp70) env: AY598468, SRV-7 pol region: AY594212, SRV-7 TM env (gp20): AY594213.     

Ezetimibe

Ezetimibe is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor that significantly lowers low- density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and favourably affects triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol blood levels in monotherapy and in combination with statins. Hepatic and extrahepatic (peripheral) cholesterol synthesis are well-known sources of cholesterol found in LDL-C. However, the emergence of ezetimibe has highlighted intestinal cholesterol absorption as an additional, important source of cholesterol in LDL-C, and has better illuminated how genetic factors, dietary content, pharmaceutical agents, and nuclear receptor activation (such as liver X receptors) all influence the relative contribution of these important cholesterol sources to LDL-C. In fact, investigations into ezetimibe have sometimes challenged existing scientific dogma, has prompted reconsideration of older data, and has helped create ‘new’ paradigms in cholesterol metabolism. Thus, ezetimibe's efficacy, excellent tolerability, and safety has not only expanded potential treatment options for dyslipidaemic patients, but also has promoted exploration of new frontiers of lipid research towards a better understanding of cholesterol metabolism.     

中药药浴联合穴位按摩治疗小儿外感发热86例

目的观察中药药浴联合穴位按摩治疗小儿外感发热的临床疗效。方法将174例外感发热患儿随机分为治疗组(86例)与对照组(88例)。两组均予炎琥宁注射液静脉滴注,治疗组加用中药药浴及穴位按摩,对照组加用普通温水浴。两组疗程均为3天,观察临床疗效及体温变化情况。结果①治疗组、对照组总有效率分别为96.51%、85.22%;组间临床疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。②组内比较,两组治疗前与治疗当天、治疗前与治疗72 h后、治疗当天与治疗72 h后体温值差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。组间比较,治疗前体温值差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗当天体温值差异有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗72 h后体温值差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论中药药浴联合穴位按摩治疗小儿外感发热临床疗效满意,且解热起效快、体温不反弹。     

Assessment of Granger Causality by Nonlinear Model Identification: Application to Short-term Cardiovascular Variability

A method for assessing Granger causal relationships in bivariate time series, based on nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) and nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) models is presented. The method evaluates bilateral interactions between two time series by quantifying the predictability improvement (PI) of the output time series when the dynamics associated with the input time series are included, i.e., moving from NAR to NARX prediction. The NARX model identification was performed by the optimal parameter search (OPS) algorithm, and its results were compared to the least-squares method to determine the most appropriate method to be used for experimental data. The statistical significance of the PI was assessed using a surrogate data technique. The proposed method was tested with simulation examples involving short realizations of linear stochastic processes and nonlinear deterministic signals in which either unidirectional or bidirectional coupling and varying strengths of interactions were imposed. It was found that the OPS-based NARX model was accurate and sensitive in detecting imposed Granger causality conditions. In addition, the OPS-based NARX model was more accurate than the least squares method. Application to the systolic blood pressure and heart rate variability signals demonstrated the feasibility of the method. In particular, we found a bilateral causal relationship between the two signals as evidenced by the significant reduction in the PI values with the NARX model prediction compared to the NAR model prediction, which was also confirmed by the surrogate data analysis. Furthermore, we found significant reduction in the complexity of the dynamics of the two causal pathways of the two signals as the body position was changed from the supine to upright. The proposed is a general method, thus, it can be applied to a wide variety of physiological signals to better understand causality and coupling that may be different between normal and diseased conditions.     

Fire-eater's pneumonia: two case reports of accidentally aspirated paraffin oil

Background

Fire-eater’s pneumonia is a chemical pneumonitis that can develop after accidental aspiration of liquid hydrocarbon-based fuel during a flame-blowing or a fire-eating performance. Typical findings of the patient are similar with any infectious pneumonia: chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, fever, and hemoptysis can be seen.

Case reports

We report two cases of acute paraffin oil-induced pneumonia due to accidental aspiration during fire-eating performance.

Conclusion

The symptoms and course of respiratory manifestations and the treatment strategies of fire-eater’s pneumonia are reviewed.     

甘草不定根培养的研究

[目的]考察甘草不同外植体与外源性激素诱导不定根能力,为甘草不定根培养做基础研究。[方法]切取乌拉尔甘草无菌实生苗的根、叶、带芽茎段接种到含有不同外源性激素的不定根诱导培养基中,考察不同外植体诱导生根的能力,并在此基础上进行不定根增殖尝试。[结果]不同外植体以及不同类型和浓度的外源性生长素对不定根诱导能力不同。根和叶诱导不定根效果好于带芽茎段;萘乙酸(NAA)较吲哚丁酸(IBA)更有利于不定根的诱导,6-苄氨基嘌呤(BA)则抑制不定根的诱导;不同类型的外植体诱导生根的生长素(NAA)适宜浓度存在差异,其中根段在0.2~1 mg/L,真叶在3~5 mg/L,带芽茎段在1~3 mg/L诱导效果较好。[结论]甘草不同外植体在含有外源性生长素的培养基中均可以诱导生根,但细胞分裂素强烈的抑制生根;根段和真叶作为外植体是甘草不定根诱导较为理想的材料。     

An investigational tetravalent meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine co-administered with Infanrix™ hexa is immunogenic, with an acceptable safety profile in 12-23-month-old children

Tetravalent meningococcal serogroups ACWY conjugate vaccines will provide an advantage to those at most risk of invasive meningococcal disease; namely young children. Co-administration of ACWY-TT with DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib was assessed in a randomized trial in 793 children aged 12-23 months. Pre-specified criteria for non-inferiority of immunogenicity following co-administration versus separate ACWY-TT and DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib administration were reached. One month post-vaccination, ≥97.3% of ACWY-TT vaccinees had rSBA titres ≥1:8 (all serogroups). Seroprotection/seropositivity rates against DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib antigens were ≥98.2%. The safety profile of co-administration was similar to that of DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib alone. ACWY-TT and DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib co-administration during the second year would facilitate introduction of ACWY-TT into routine toddler vaccination schedules.     

Therapeutic plasma exchange for exogenous insulin antibody syndrome in combined variable immunodeficiency: a case report

A 32-year-old male with type I diabetes presented with profound hypoglycemia due to exogenous insulin antibody syndrome in the setting of newly-diagnosed common variable immunodeficiency. Immunomodulatory therapy was not initially effective, but after the initiation of plasma exchange hypoglycemia resolved, and glucose lability improved.