逊克县吸血蠓调查及逊克库蠓雌虫的发现与描述(双翅目:蠓科)

目的 调查黑龙江省逊克县吸血蠓的种类分布.方法 采用诱虫灯和网捕法采集吸血蠓.结果 逊克县采获吸血蠓7810只,计1属16种,发现了逊克库蠓雌虫.结论 为黑龙江省逊克县吸血蠓种的分布提供了依据.标本保存在逊克出入境检验检疫局.     

Evaluation of the incorporation of an IOTA-ADNEX model in the discrimination of adnexal masses in our third-level hospital centre,taking into account the menopausal status of patients. Five years of experience

ObjectiveThe objectives were to estimate the performance of the IOTA-ADNEX model test after its incorporation into the ultrasound tests of our third-grade hospital gynecology service, as well as to assess whether its capacity of accuracy is modified when taking into account the patient's menopausal status.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to clinically evaluate the diagnostic performance of the IOTA-ADNEX model test, which was performed between January 2016 and December 2021. The study included 573 women with an adnexal injury who underwent surgical excision within 180 days after ultrasound diagnosis and histological confirmation (gold standard). After the ultrasound exam, the injuries were classified using the ADNEX model. The study estimated the area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve (AUC) of the ADNEX model for classifying between benign and malignant adnexal masses and compared the performance by menopausal state. Sensitivity and specificity were determined for different cut-off points.ResultsOut of the 573 women, 183 (31.9%) had a malignant tumor. The AUC of the ADNEX model for differentiating between benign and malignant adnexal masses at the time of ultrasound examination was 0.92 and the best malignancy threshold, detected by Youden index, was 22.5%. At this cut-off, the sensitivity of the ADNEX model was 91.8% and the specificity was 76.4%. However, it varies according to menopausal status: in the group of pre-menopausal patient, sensitivity was 86.1% (95% CI, 85.4%–86.8%) and specificity was 81.3% (95% CI, 85.4%–86.8%). In the postmenopausal group, sensitivity was 96.1% (95% CI, 95.6%–96.7%) and specificity was 68.5% (95% CI, 68.1%–68.8%).ConclusionsThe IOTA-ADNEX model is a reliable diagnostic tool to discard ovarian cancer. However, the accuracy of the test, at the same cut-off point, varies according to the menopausal state of the patient so it may be important to take it into account when taking decisions in clinical practice.     

Sex bias and omission in neuroscience research is influenced by research model and journal,but not reported NIH funding

Neuroscience research has historically demonstrated sex bias that favors male over female research subjects, as well as sex omission, which is the lack of reporting sex. Here we analyzed the status of sex bias and omission in neuroscience research published across six different journals in 2017. Regarding sex omission, 16% of articles did not report sex. Regarding sex bias, 52% of neuroscience articles reported using both males and females, albeit only 15% of articles using both males and females reported assessing sex as an experimental variable. Overrepresentation of the sole use of males compared to females persisted (26% versus 5%, respectively). Sex bias and omission differed across research models, but not by reported NIH funding status. Sex omission differed across journals. These findings represent the latest information regarding the complex status of sex in neuroscience research and illustrate the continued need for thoughtful and informed action to enhance scientific discovery.     

滋肾清肝方治疗阴虚火旺型女性更年期失眠症临床研究

目的:观察滋肾清肝方治疗阴虚火旺型女性更年期失眠症的临床疗效。方法:将阴虚火旺型女性更年期失眠患者130例随机分为观察组和对照组,每组65例;观察组给予滋肾清肝方加减治疗,对照组给予阿普唑仑治疗,4周为1个疗程,共治疗2个疗程;观察2组患者临床疗效、睡眠质量、雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)水平及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,2组睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠效率、睡眠时间、睡眠障碍、催眠药物、日间功能障碍评分及总分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05);且观察组各项评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。停药4周后,对照组睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、催眠药物评分及总分较治疗后升高(P<0.05);而观察组各项评分及总分较治疗后无明显差异(P>0.05);观察组各项评分及总分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。总有效率观察组为92.31%,对照组为81.53%,2组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者E2水平高于治疗前(P<0.05),FSH、LH水平低于治疗前(P<0.05);对照组E2、FSH、LH治疗前后无明显差异(P>0.05)。治疗后观察组E2、FSH、LH水平较对照组明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间观察组未见明显不良反应,对照组不良反应发生率为9.23%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:滋肾清肝方治疗阴虚火旺型女性更年期失眠患者,可明显提高睡眠质量,改善内分泌激素水平,且长期疗效较好,不良反应少,安全有效。     

女大学生个性特征、月经态度及性激素水平对经前期综合征的影响调查

目的探讨个性特征、月经态度及性激素水平对经前期综合征(PMS)的影响,为制定有效的防治措施提供参考依据。方法2018年10月-2019年1月,整群随机抽取某高校200名女大学生作为研究对象,运用经前期综合征量表(PMSS)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、月经态度量表(MAQ)进行调查并测定性激素水平。依据PMSS得分将研究对象分为非PMS组(PMSS≥6分,105例)和PMS组(PMSS<6分,89例)。结果89名(45.87%)发生PMS,以轻度为主(56名,62.92%),中度和重度分别占32.50%、4.49%;PMS组、非PMS组之间雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)等性激素水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);PMS组、非PMS组之间MAQ、E量表得分(ET)及N量表得分(NT)比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论女大学生个性特征、月经态度与PMS的发生有一定的相关性,性激素水平与PMS的关系有待进一步探讨。     

早泄的女性因素及临床对策

早泄是男性的性功能问题,但与女性密切相关。女性的阴道内力、性魅力以及因男性射精过早而对男性的态度,不仅可以改变男性阴道内射精潜伏时间,而且还可以使男性出现消极的心理反应。作者首次提出了阴道内力的概念,即阴道对插入阴道中阴茎的作用力。认为“阴道内力”是来自三个力的合力,一是阴道应力,即阴茎插入阴道后,阴茎使阴道形态发生改变,变形的阴道恢复原状而对阴茎产生的应力;二是阴道握力,即阴道肌肉收缩时对阴茎产生的压力;三是阴道摩擦力,即阴道与阴茎之间的摩擦力。认为阴道内力越大,男性阴道内射精潜伏时间越短,男性就越早泄。女性的性魅力越大,男性性伴侣的性兴奋程度越高,射精反射越容易形成,男性阴道内射精潜伏时间也会变短,男性也越容易早泄。但是,笔者认为早泄的本质不是男性阴道内射精潜伏时间长短的问题,而是社会父权危机及女权兴起对男性的压力而致的男性心理问题,是男性焦虑性抑郁症。女性为了提高性生活质量,对原本有益于生物进化的优势性行为方式(早泄)加以否定,让男性超越本能,对决自然规律,造成男性心理压力。医学有办法在一定程度上延长男性阴道内射精潜伏时间,但解决早泄的根本办法是改变全社会尤其是女性的性观念,别总拿阴道内射精潜伏时间说事儿,不要给男性压力。     

A heads up on concussions: are there sex-related differences?

Head injuries are a major concern for physicians in athletes of all ages. Specifically, sports-related concussions are becoming an all-too-common injury among female athletes. The incidence of concussions among female athletes has likely increased over the past few decades because of an increase in sports participation afforded by Title IX. It would be useful for physicians to have general knowledge of concussions and their potential sex-related differences. This review article summarizes the current body of research concerning sex-related differences in concussion epidemiology and outcomes. A literature search was performed using PubMed and included all articles published from 1993 to present, with a predominant focus on research conducted over the past fifteen years. Additional articles were found using the bibliography from articles found through the PubMed search. Several articles have compared incidence, severity of neurological deficit, constellation of symptoms, and length of recovery post-concussion in males and females. However, the literature does not unanimously support a significant sex-related difference in concussions. Lack of consensus in the literature can be attributed to differences between patient populations, different tools used to study concussions, including subjective or objective measures, and differences in mechanisms of injury. We conclude that concussions are a serious injury in both male and female athletes, and physicians should have a very high index of suspicion regardless of sex, because there currently is not sufficient consensus in the literature to institute sex-related changes to concussion management. Current research may suggest a sex-related difference pertaining to sports-related concussions, but further evaluation is needed on this topic.     

社区临床路径在三种常见女性生殖疾病中的应用效果

目的：探讨社区临床路径在三种常见女性生殖疾病中的应用效果。方法于2014年6~7月在长安镇社区卫生服务中心就诊的女性患者中随机抽取符合条件并同意本次研究的150名患者，以站点为单位分为实验组和对照组，每组75例。实验组按照临床路径进行诊疗，对照组以《临床诊疗指南---妇产科学分册》为依据进行常规诊治，比较两组的效果、效益。结果两组患者的治愈率、复发率、转诊率、遵医率、知识知晓及满意度评分比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论社区临床路径能规范医师的医疗行为，提高女性生殖疾病的治愈率，减少复发率及转诊率，值得在临床推广应用。