产地加工与饮片炮制一体化对苦参饮片主要功效的影响

目的:比较产地加工与炮制一体化加工与传统方式加工苦参饮片的抗炎与解热作用。方法:采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀试验,观察2种苦参饮片水提物的抗炎消肿作用;采用酵母致热大鼠模型,比较2种苦参饮片水提物的解热作用。结果:与空白组比较,2种苦参饮片水提物均可降低小鼠耳肿胀度,但以一体化加工苦参饮片的抗炎消肿作用更为显著,各剂量组抑制率均40%。一体化加工苦参饮片3个剂量均能降低发热大鼠体温,且作用时间可持续4 h,解热作用优于传统加工的苦参饮片。一体化加工苦参饮片中槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱及氧化苦参碱等5种主要有效成分的含量均高于传统方式加工的苦参饮片,其总量约为传统苦参饮片的1.3倍。结论:一体化加工与传统加工方式生产的苦参饮片在抗炎及解热等主要功效方面具有较好的相似性,而且一体化加工方式从源头规范了苦参的饮片生产,在确保饮片质量的前提下缩短了生产周期,是一种值得推广应用的中药饮片生产模式。     

炒九香虫的炮制工艺优化及其质量标准的建立

目的:优选炒九香虫的炮制工艺,并建立其质量标准。方法:采用滚筒式炒药机,以炮制温度、炮制时间、炒药机转速为炮制因素,以镇痛率、多巴胺二聚体含量和醇溶性浸出物得率为考察指标,在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验优选九香虫的炒制工艺,利用最佳工艺对10个不同批次的九香虫进行炒制,并测定其总灰分和醇溶性浸出物的含量。结果:炒九香虫的最佳工艺为炒制温度170℃,炒制时间5 min,炒药机转速50 r·min~(-1)。建议炒九香虫的总灰分定为不超过5.2%,醇溶性浸出物不得少于16.8%。结论:优选的炮制工艺合理可靠、稳定性好、方法简便,为规范炒九香虫饮片的炮制工艺和质量标准提供科学依据。     

Spatial frequency processing conditions on intraoral computed radiography

Radiographic information on the imaging plate was read with a pixel size of 50 μm×50 μm and recorded with 100 μm×100 μm. Various frequency-enhanced images were produced by an unsharp masking process that can maximize the spatial frequency enhancement at 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, and 4.00 cycles/mm. Using these images, the effect of frequency enhancement processing for the X-ray diagnosis of normal anatomical structures and simulated bone changes on intraoral computed radiography was investigated. The imaging conditions under which the most valuable radiographic images for diagnosis of normal anatomical structures were obtained was a frequency type that diminished the low level density area, a non-linear gradation and an enhancement rank of 4 at the spatial frequency of 2.00 cycles/mm. These iamges projected a higher image quality than conventional periapical films. In addition, the intraoral computed radiography had equivalent or better ability to detect fine-simulated bone changes compared to conventional periapical films. These findings suggest that the spatial frequency enhancement area needed to obtain images with significant diagnostic value, equivalent to or better than conventional periapical film images, is 2.00 cycles/mm in intraoral computed radiography, with maximal spatial resolution of 5.00 cycles/mm.     

建立下颌前牙牙槽骨吸收和联冠修复的三维有限元模型

目的：建立下颌前牙不同程度牙槽骨吸收后的釉质、牙本质、牙骨质、牙周膜、松质骨、皮质骨等组织的三维有限元模型。方法：利用薄层CT扫描技术与Ansys软件相结合，对层厚为1mm的CT断层影像进行分析处理。结果：模型具有良好的几何相似性，共有单元约13万个，节点约19万个，数据量约130MB，可以根据要求任意旋转、缩放、透视、剖开，进行多种方式观察；并可以按照不同研究目的和要求，对模型进行简单的修改和调整，模拟牙槽骨吸收、联冠修复等临床治疗所需的几何形态，考查各种约束和加载条件下前牙的力学反应；讨论了约束的处理和载荷的施加方式。结论：薄层CT扫描技术与Ansys软件相结合建立的三维有限元模型，能较精确地模拟实际情况，为进一步研究下颌前牙牙槽骨吸收和联冠修复奠定了良好的基础。     

Detection of non-cavitated approximal caries lesions in digital images from seven solid-state receptors with particular focus on task-specific enhancement filters. An ex vivo study in human teeth

The aim of this study was to compare detection of non-cavitated approximal caries lesions in images from seven solid-state intraoral digital receptors, with particular focus on two task-specific enhancement filters. One hundred and sixty approximal non-cavitated surfaces were radiographed under standardized conditions using the following seven intraoral solid-state digital receptors: two CMOS systems, Schick CDR-APS, and Kodak RVGui; and five CCD systems: Visualix, VistaRay, Dixi2, Sidexis, and Dr. Suni Plus. The Kodak RVGui digital images were captured with two task-specific, predefined enhancement filters ("dento-enamel" and "periodontal"). Eight observers examined the digital images for the presence or absence of approximal carious lesions. The teeth were subsequently sectioned for histological analysis, which served as the "gold standard" for the radiographic examination and allowed for a calculation of sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy. Both RVG modalities obtained the highest sensitivity values, which were significantly higher than with Visualix, Sidexis, and VistaRay images (all P 0.05).     

三维激光扫描技术建立附着体义齿的三维数字化模型

目的 :建立附着体义齿的三维数字化模型。方法 :附着体义齿利用三维激光扫描技术获得三维点云数据 ,经过处理软件形成三维数字化模型。结果 :成功建立了牙颌模型的三维数字化立体模型 ,结构准确 ,清晰。结论 :利用三维激光扫描技术建立的三维数字化立体模型是可靠的 ,经过数据压缩后 ,可以用来进行三维有限元模型的建立     

用螺旋CT资料建立颅面三维模型

目的：用螺旋CT数据资料建立颅面三维模型，并探讨了该模型在颅颌面外科领域的应用。方法：患者行螺旋CT扫描，层厚2mm，螺距1.0，利用工作站，进行扫描图像的容积三维重建后，重新间隔分层，利用CuteFTP4.0软件以BMP格式下载。应用课题组自主开发的CT图像处理软件对已下载的二维图像进行过滤、筛减、降噪、校正失真等处理，对图像的边缘轮廓进行提取，得到面颅骨皮质骨边缘轮廓的矢量化线图，将该线图数据输入Surfacer9．0重建软件，对轮廓曲线进行矢量增加，从而得到面颅骨的三维三角形面片（triangular facts）线框模型及实体模型。进一步在该模型上按镜像关系重构衬垫物的三维模型。结果：得到了颅面骨骼表面轮廓的三维实体模型，并在其上进行了整形手术的计算机辅助设计，通过快速成型技术（rapid prototyping,RP)加工出衬垫物模板。结论：用螺旋CT数据资料可以建立颅面三维模型，该模型在颅颌面畸形损伤肿瘤等的诊断和治疗中将发挥重要作用。     

邻面龋(牙合)翼片计算机自动分析诊断系统的建立和评价

目的 提高早期邻面龋的临床诊断水平，建立邻面龋X线图像的计算机自动分析诊断系统（CDS），并对诊断效果进行初步评价。方法 对含有早期邻面龋损、模拟天然牙列的95颗离体牙，进行平行投照的骀翼片检查并获得X线图像。通过对邻面龋损特征的分析比较，运用Matlab和VC语言，建立CDS。应用该系统自动检测牙齿邻面是否存在龋损及其深度。同时由8位检查者阅片。以组织学结果为金标准，评价诊断的准确度、敏感度、特异度及一致性等水平。结果 CDS诊断的敏感度为0．728，阅片法的平均敏感度为0．543。系统诊断深度与组织学深度的Pearson相关系数为0.722，优于肉眼阅片与组织学深度的相关系数（0．584）。系统重复检测的一致性较好。结论 CDS可以对邻面早期龋损进行自动诊断，其总体诊断水平优于肉眼阅片。     

The dynamic range of TMJ sounds

It is of clinical interest to record the amplitudes of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds. The aim was to test the hypothesis that sealing the meatus, when placing a microphone in the ear canal affects such recording by increasing the sound pressure level (SPL). Bilateral recordings of 249 TMJ clickings were made from three subjects, using sampling rates of 48 or 96 kHz and 24 bits A/D conversion, with and without the ear canals sealed by Silicone putty. The peak-to-peak equivalent sound pressure level (peSPL) was higher (P < 0.001) when the ear canal was sealed (range of mean differences was 8.3-24.9 dB peSPL). This means that the signal to noise ratio can be improved by sealing the meatus because the electronic noise level is not increased. Most important is that the dynamic range of the clicking sounds was 62 dB that is larger than the effective dynamic range of a 16 bits sound card. Future studies are needed to establish normative peSPL values. However, cards with at least 24 bits A/D conversion will be required, especially in patients with suspected disc displacement with reduction, where the difference in loudness between opening and closing clicking often is large.     

IFN-γ enhances the anti-tumour immune response of dendritic cells against oral squamous cell carcinoma

Objective

To investigate the expression of antigen processing-1 (Tap-1) and Tapasin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and observe the immune response against OSCC by use of IFN-γ-antigen induced dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and in vivo.

Design

Expression of Tap-1 and Tapasin in different cell lines was analysed. CAL27 cells were treated with IFN-γ. Antigen from the treated cells was presented by DCs. Pulsed DC was then co-cultivated with CD8+ T lymphocyte to induce antigen specific cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs). The immune response elicited by CTLs against OSCC was observed.

Results

A significant lower expression of Tap-1 and Tapasin was observed in OSCC cell lines. IFN-γ exerted time-dependent effect for increasing the expression of these genes. Antigen from the treated CAL27 cells was presented by DCs. CTLs were induced and generated a strong immune response in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

Tap-1 and Tapasin were downregulated in OSCC. IFN-γ increased the expression of these genes. Use of IFN-γ-antigen induced DCs could induce stronger immune response in vitro and in vivo.