“数字人脑”模型与信息处理机制研究

本文阐述了数字人脑与数字人体的关系及国内外研究概况，讨论了数字人脑的主要研究内容和关键科学问题，提出数字人脑的研究目标，并给出数字人脑研究的总体方案。     

基于NIRS技术和PCA-SVM算法6种树脂及其他类中药的快速鉴别

目的:利用近红外漫反射光谱(NIRS)法,结合主成分分析(PCA)和支持向量机(SVM)联用算法,建立6种树脂及其他类中药安息香(Benzoinum),琥珀(Succinum),没药(Myrrha),乳香(Olibanum),松香(Colophonium),天竺黄(Bambusaen Concretio Silicea)的NIR模式识别模型,用于该6味中药的快速鉴别。方法:收集上述6种中药样品,经性状鉴别和理化分析确定正品药材55批,粉碎成均匀粉末,在4 000~12 000 cm~(-1)光谱区,采集各样品粉末的NIR光谱,选取特征谱段9 000~5 400,5 000~4 000 cm~(-1)为建模谱段,分别采用矢量归一化法(vector normalization,VN),一阶导数法(first derivative,FD),二阶导数法(second derivative,SD)3种不同光谱预处理方法进行预处理并分别进行PCA降维。根据主成分空间散点图,优选最佳预处理方法。利用最佳预处理方法处理后光谱的PCA降维数据,建立SVM模式识别模型,SVM模型参数c和g采用网格搜索法结合五折交叉验证进行寻优。对比不同主成分数所建PCA-SVM模型的预测准确率,确定最佳的主成分数,最终建立6种中药NIR快速鉴别模型。结果:在9 000~5 400,5 000~4 000 cm~(-1)建模谱段,确定最佳光谱预处理方法为SD,SD预处理光谱PCA降维后,确定最佳主成分数为3个,累计贡献率达93.57%。经网格搜索法确定最佳SVM建模参数组为c=65 536,g=512。所建PCA-SVM模型对训练集和验证集样品预测正确率均达100%,模型五折交叉验证准确率亦达100%。结论:所建的6种中药NIR光谱PCA-SVM鉴别模型,预测准确率高,模型预测能力强,结合NIRS技术无损、快速的优点,该模型可用于上述6种中药的无损、快速鉴别。     

桂枝汤治疗风湿郁热型急性痛风性关节炎35例

目的:观察桂枝汤联合秋水仙碱治疗风湿郁热型急性痛风性关节炎的临床疗效及对细胞炎症因子和免疫功能的影响。方法:将70例患者随机分为2组。对照组35例,予口服秋水仙碱片;观察组35例,在对照组治疗基础上加服桂枝汤。2组均连续治疗7天,比较2组治疗前后平均症状积分、血尿酸、临床疗效、细胞炎性因子(IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α)水平、免疫功能(白细胞计数、红细胞沉降率及C反应蛋白)水平的变化情况及临床疗效和不良反应发生率。结果:总有效率观察组为94.29%,对照组为74.29%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。平均症状积分,血尿酸水平,血清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平,白细胞计数,红细胞沉降率(ESR)及C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,治疗前2组组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前后2组组内比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后2组组间比较,差异也有统计学意义(P0.05)。不良反应发生率观察组为42.86%,对照组为31.43%,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:桂枝汤联合秋水仙碱治疗急性痛风性关节炎疗效显著,可明显抑制炎症因子的释放和免疫反应水平,改善急性痛风性关节炎患者的临床症状,且安全性较高。     

TMJ symptoms reduce chewing amplitude and velocity,and increase variability

Objective: The null hypothesis was that mandibular amplitude, velocity, and variability during gum chewing are not altered in subjects with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangements (ID).

Methods: Thirty symptomatic subjects with confirmed ID consented to chew gum on their left and right sides while being tracked by an incisor-point jaw tracker. A gender and age matched control group (p > 0.67) volunteered to be likewise recorded. Student’s t-test compared the ID group’s mean values to the control group.

Results: The control group opened wider (p < 0.05) and chewed faster (p < 0.05) than the ID group. The mean cycle time of the ID group (0.929 s) was longer than the control group (0.751 s; p < 0.05) and more variable (p < 0.05).

Discussion: The ID group exhibited reduced amplitude and velocity but increased variability during chewing. The null hypothesis was rejected. Further study of adaptation to ID by patients should be pursued.     

局部注射VEGF挽救大鼠背部随意型超比例皮瓣成活的最佳注射层次的实验性研究

目的 :探讨局部注射VEGF挽救大鼠背部随意型超比例皮瓣成活的最佳注射层次。方法 :选用 4 0只Wistar大鼠 ,随机分成四组 ,在其背部形成 2cm× 8cm的全厚随意型皮瓣。术后即刻作如下处理 :在其远蒂端 6cm以及 8cm处选择五个对称的注射位点 ,对照组皮瓣掀起后立即原位缝合 ;VEGF1 组皮瓣掀起后经组织面向皮下每一位点给予 2 0ng 10 0 μl的VEGF溶液 1ml;VEGF2 组皮瓣掀起后立即原位缝合 ,经皮垂直进针 ,将药物注入受区表面 ,剂量同VEGF1 组 ;VEGF3组皮瓣掀起后立即原位缝合 ,经皮垂直进针 ,有落空感后 ,继续垂直进针约 1mm ,将药物注入受区下 ,剂量同VEGF1 组。术后观察 5d后 ,将动物处死 ,计算皮瓣成活面积。结果 :术后第 3d皮瓣成活率 :对照组为6 5 .8% ,VEGF1 组为 83.5 6 % ,VEGF2 组为 75 .79% ,VEGF3组为 83.4 5 %。VEGF2 组与对照组间有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;VEGF1 组、VEGF3组与对照组间有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :本研究结果提示 :皮瓣内、受区表面、受区下注射VEGF都能显著提高皮瓣的成活率 ;而皮瓣内和受区下注射效果要明显好于受区表面注射     

影响正常儿童后前面高比值的相关因素

目的 :探讨常用反映面部生长型的指标与后前面高比间的关系 ,验证后前面高比作为确定面部生长型指标的合理性。方法 :选取 6 1例生长发育期正常儿童头侧位X线片 ,测量后前面高比及包括Y轴角、颅底角、面部 4个矢状平面角、前下面高 /前全面高、下颌支长等 12项既往文献报道可用来反映面部生长型的指标 ,并进行统计学处理。结果 :①下颌平面角 (MP_SN)与后前面高比有极高相关性 ,Pearson相关系数高达_0 92 2 ;②面部 4个矢状平面角与后前面高比呈负相关 ;③下颌支长度与后前面高比呈正相关。结论 :确定面部生长型的敏感指标是面部后前面高比 (S_Go/N_Me)及下颌平面角 (SN_MP) ,后前面高比可作为确定面部生长型的指标     

Evaluation of Nutritional Status and Eating Pattern in First and Second-Time Denture Wearers: A Prospective 60 Days (2 Months) Pilot Study

Elderly individuals with extensive tooth loss preferentially consume soft, easier to chew foods which have a low nutrient density. The purpose of this study was to suggest that every complete denture wearer has to be periodically counseled by a registered Dietician and Dentist for check up to avoid malnutrition and disease. Fourteen patients were selected for this study. Seven of them with four or five teeth remaining without any functional units and seven patients who were known cases of complete denture wearers with ill-fitting or worn out dentures. The results of the study analyzed the change in eating pattern and hence the nutritional status of two groups of edentulous subjects; Group I (patients who underwent a recent transition from partially edentulous state to a completely edentulous state), and Group II (known complete denture wearers for five to ten years). Clinical examination of Group I showed an improvement, by, the decrease in percentages in both the paleness of the conjunctiva and nails of the selected patients. In Group II, there was a significant change in anthropometry and iron intake and the clinical examination showed positive changes in the patient's normal appearance, eyes and nails. Paired sample statistics between both the groups evaluated significant changes in energy, iron and vitamin C intakes in the dietary assessment chart. The general questionnaire assessment showed an improvement in the eating pattern of both the groups, which, may definitely account for a positive change in the nutritional status of the participants later. This study emphasizes that every complete denture wearer needs to be periodically counseled by a registered dietician and dentist for checkup to avoid malnutrition and disease.     

Patient-level and practice-level characteristics associated with receipt of preventive dental services: 48-month incidence

Objectives: This study aims to: a) quantify the incidence of preventive dental services [in‐office fluoride application and dental cleaning (prophylaxis)]; b) determine if these services are effectively targeted to patients with the highest need; and c) quantify the role of practice characteristics and patient‐level factors in service receipt. Methods: A population‐based prospective cohort study was conducted with 873 adults who had at least one tooth at baseline, 743 of whom provided 48‐month data. In‐person interviews and clinical examinations were conducted biennially for 48 months, with 6‐monthly telephone interviews in between. Dental records were abstracted afterward, and practices that served participants completed questionnaires. Analysis was limited to persons with at least one dental visit of any type during follow‐up (87 percent of the sample). Results: Only 9 percent of the persons received at least one fluoride application; 75 percent received a dental cleaning. Persons with high need were actually less likely to have received preventive services. In multivariable regression analyses, characteristics of the practice in which the subject received care were very strongly related to fluoride receipt, independent of patient‐specific characteristics. Conclusions: One preventive procedure was common; the other was uncommon. However, practices did not effectively target high‐risk patients for either procedure. Instead, both services were typically received by persons with the least need for them. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that practitioners greatly influenced the delivery of fluoride services, with substantial contributions also made by patient‐level predisposing and enabling factors for both preventive services.     

高低角型男孩颅面部软组织侧貌水平向生长变化的纵向研究

目的：探讨高低角型男孩颅面部软组织侧貌在水平方向的生长变化。方法：根据Bjork前颅基底稳定结构重迭法,头影测量20名男孩在自然头势状态下9、12、15和18岁的X线头颅定位侧位片,然后,统计分析颅面部软组织侧貌Ga、N′、Nasal、Sn、A′、Ls、Li、B′、Pg及Gn各点至垂直平面(Pr-VER)的水平向距离变化以及上下唇至美学平面(E—line)的垂直距离变化。结果：1)高低角型男孩在9～18岁期间额部、鼻根部及唇部与鼻尖的水平距离随年龄增加而增加,而颏部与鼻尖水平距离虽有增加,但在某些阶段其距离反而缩短。2)高角型男孩Ga、N′、Nasal、Pg及Gn点到Pr水平距离其各阶段各测量值明显大于低角型,可唇部表现则不同,高角型唇部比低角型表现为更为前突。3)高角型颏部向前生长移动幅度小于低角型,而唇部向前生长幅度明显大于低角型。相对于美学平面,低角型上下唇在9～18岁期间后退幅度明显大于高角型。结论：高低角型男孩颅面部软组织侧貌生长变化存在显著差异,其主要区别在于唇部及颏部。这对正畸临床诊断与治疗具有借鉴作用。     

独立分量分析和小波熵在动作模式分类中的应用

在表面肌电信号(electromyography,EMG)中,各类动作的识别是一个重要研究方向.本文采用独立分量分析independent component analysis,ICA)对肌电信号进行处理,消除各动作信号之间的相互线性耦合叠加,并采用信号的小波熵作为特征向量进行模式识别.试验表明,在对信号进行先期ICA处理以后,动作模式的识别效果较好.此方法也可应用于其他生理信号的识别分类.