氧化、丙二醛修饰低密度脂蛋白的ELISA检测法及临床应用

目的 建立血浆氧化、修饰低密度脂蛋白(LDL)ELISA检测法并进行临床研究.方法 采用自制的多克隆抗体建立ELISA分别测定铜离子氧化型(Ox)和丙二醛(MDA)修饰型LDL,并对方法进行考核;对冠心病(CHD)患者、键康对照人群Ox-LDL、MDA-LDL水平进行分析.结果 抗Ox-LDL与MDA-LDL几乎没有反应性;Ox-LDL和MDA-LDL测定平均批内变异(CV)分别为6.1%和6.8%,平均批间CV分别为9.7%和10.1%;Ox-LDL和MDA-LDL测定平均回收率分别为95.1%和93.7%;两法检测限均为0.05～1.5 mg/L.CHD患者较正常人血浆Ox-LDL[(178.1±73.8)mg/L vs.(82.7±29.1)mg/L,P＜0.01]、MDA-LDL[(48.7±25.6)mg/L vs.(39.2±32.9)mg/L,P＜0.05]水平均升高;Ox-LDL作为预测动脉粥样硬化发生指标的价值优于MDA-LDL.Ox-LDL、MDA-LDL分别同TC、TG、LDL-C呈正相关,而与HDL-C呈负相关.结论 建立的方法特异、灵敏、准确,适于临床检测.高Ox-LDL、MDA-LDL与CHD密切相关.     

稳定和不稳定型心绞痛斑块CT特征的差异

目的比较稳定型心绞痛(SAP)与不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者冠状动脉斑块CT特征的差异。方法搜集UAP和SAP各32例患者的MSCT图像进行对照分析。结果 UAP组和SAP组正性重构的发生率(26/45和7/54)差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。点状钙化的发生率(10/17和9/33)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。偏心性斑块的发生率(39/45和32/54)差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。软斑块的平均CT值[(34.0±13.7)HU和(68.7±29.4)HU]差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 UAP患者冠状动脉粥样斑块的主要CT特征包括正性血管重构、斑块密度低和点状钙化等。     

老年人非酒精性脂肪性肝病与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的：非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）和颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）是老年人的常见病,本研究进一步探讨老年人中非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）与颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）的关系及临床意义。方法：根据超声检查结合病史将研究对象划分为老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病组和老年正常肝脏组,检查收缩压、舒张压、空腹抽血化验包括空腹血糖（GLU）、血胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）等;超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）和颈动脉粥样斑块情况。结果：老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病组的甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）明显高于非脂肪肝组（P〈0.05）;非酒精性脂肪性肝病组的颈动脉内膜中层厚度与非脂肪肝组存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,但是,在颈动脉粥样斑块发生率（%）方面,两组之间差异无统计学意义。结论：老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病与颈动脉内膜中层增厚密切相关。     

Assessment of carotid stenosis using three-dimensional T2-weighted dark blood imaging: Initial experience

Purpose:

To evaluate the use of a T2‐weighted SPACE sequence (T2w‐SPACE) to assess carotid stenosis via several methods and compare its performance with contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (ceMRA).

Materials and Methods:

Fifteen patients with carotid atherosclerosis underwent dark blood (DB)‐MRI using a 3D turbo spin echo with variable flip angles sequence (T2w‐SPACE) and ceMRA. Images were coregistered and evaluated by two observers. Comparisons were made for luminal diameter, luminal area, degree of luminal stenosis (NASCET: North American Symptomatic Endarterectomy Trial; ECST: European Carotid Surgery Trial, and area stenosis), and vessel wall area. Degree of NASCET stenosis was clinically classified as mild (<50%), moderate (50%–69%), or severe (>69%).

Results:

Excellent agreement was seen between ceMRA and T2w‐SPACE and between observers for assessment of lumen diameter, lumen area, vessel wall area, and degree of NASCET stenosis (r > 0.80, P < 0.001). ECST stenosis was consistently higher than NASCET stenosis (48 ± 14% vs. 24 ± 22%, P < 0.001). Area stenosis (72 ± 2%) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than both ESCT and NASCET stenosis.

Conclusion:

DB‐MRI of carotid arteries using T2w‐SPACE is clinically feasible. It provides accurate measurements of lumen size and degree of stenosis in comparison with ceMRA and offers a more reproducible measure of ECST stenosis than ceMRA. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;449‐455. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

老年非酒精性脂肪肝与载脂蛋白B的相关性研究

目的探讨老年患者非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFL)与载脂蛋白B的相关性。方法选择住院患者226例,平均年龄(79.2±5.7)岁。分为非脂肪肝组和NAFL组。分析两组患者载脂蛋白B和其他代谢指标及影响因素的关系。结果 NAFL组的总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白B(apoB)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、甘油三酯(TG)均高于非脂肪肝组;而肌酐(Cr)低于非脂肪肝组;NAFL组糖尿病、冠心病的发病率高;吸烟的比例高;差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组间年龄的差异无统计学意义。多元线性回归分析显示,NAFL与ALT、apoB正相关(标准化偏回归系数分别为0.444、0.364,P<0.05),其他指标未进入方程。结论 NAFL患者的TC、LDL-C、apoB、ALT、TG均高于非脂肪肝组;糖尿病、冠心病的发病率高;而Cr低。老年人发现NAFL后仍应干预血脂,进一步预防动脉粥样硬化和心脑血管事件发生。     

Family history of myocardial infarction is an independent risk factor for venous thromboembolism: the Tromsø study

Summary. Background: Recent studies indicate that arterial cardiovascular diseases and venous thromboembolism (VTE) share common risk factors. A family history of myocardial infarction (MI) is a strong and independent risk factor for future MI. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of cardiovascular risk factors, including family history of MI, on the incidence of VTE in a prospective, population‐based study. Patients and methods: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and family history of MI were registered in 21 330 subjects, aged 25–96 years, enrolled in the Tromsø study in 1994–95. First‐lifetime VTE events during follow‐up were registered up to 1 September 2007. Results: There were 327 VTE events (1.40 per 1000 person‐years), 138 (42%) unprovoked, during a mean of 10.9 years of follow‐up. In age‐ and gender‐adjusted analysis, age [hazard ratio (HR) per decade, 1.97; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.82–2.12], gender (men vs. women; HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01–1.55), body mass index (BMI; HR per 3 kg m^?2, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.13–1.31), and family history of MI (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04–1.65) were significantly associated with VTE. Family history of MI remained a significant risk factor for total VTE (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01–1.60) and unprovoked VTE (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.03–2.07) in multivariable analysis. Blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, triglycerides, and smoking were not independently associated with total VTE. Conclusions: Family history of MI is a risk factor for both MI and VTE, and provides further evidence of a link between venous and arterial thrombosis.     

影响急性大动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者脑微出血严重程度的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响急性大动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者脑微出血(CMBs)严重程度的危险因素。方法收集2013年7月-2015年1月南京医科大学附属南京医院神经内科住院的TOAST分型为大动脉粥样硬化性的急性脑梗死患者112例,经磁共振磁敏感加权成像(SWI)证实有CMBs的患者56例。根据SWI上CMBs的病灶数,分为1级组9例,2级组28例,3级组19例。收集各组患者病史、一般临床资料、血生化结果及头部MRI,对两组资料进行单因素分析和相关性分析。结果单因素分析结果显示,脑微出血严重程度随着甘油三酯水平的增高而降低,随着同型半胱氨酸水平的增高而增高,随着尿酸水平的增高而增高,随着深部白质高信号Fazekas’s分级的增高而增高,3组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析显示,脑微出血严重程度与甘油三酯水平呈负相关(r=-0.443,P=0.001);与尿酸水平、同型半胱氨酸水平及深部白质高信号Fazekas’s分级呈正相关(r=0.325,P=0.015;r=0.491,P=0.001;r=0.334,P=0.009)。结论甘油三酯、尿酸、同型半胱氨酸水平及深部白质高信号Fazekas’s分级与急性大动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者CMBs的严重程度相关。     

Carotid Atherosclerosis Is Associated With Poorer Hearing in Older Adults

ObjectivesCardiovascular disease may be linked to hearing loss through narrowing of the nutrient arteries of the cochlea, but large-scale population-based evidence for this association remains scarce. We investigated the association of carotid atherosclerosis as a marker of generalized cardiovascular disease with hearing loss in a population-based cohort.DesignCross-sectional.SettingA population-based cohort study.Participants3724 participants [mean age: 65.5 years, standard deviation (SD): 7.5, 55.4% female].MethodsUltrasound and pure-tone audiograms to assess carotid atherosclerosis and hearing loss.ResultsWe investigated associations of carotid plaque burden and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) (overall and side-specific carotid atherosclerosis) with hearing loss (in the best hearing ear and side-specific hearing loss) using multivariable linear and ordinal regression models. We found that higher maximum IMT was related to poorer hearing in the best hearing ear [difference in decibel hearing level per 1-mm increase in IMT: 2.09 dB, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08, 4.10]. Additionally, third and fourth quartile plaque burden as compared to first quartile was related to poorer hearing in the best hearing ear (difference: 1.06 dB, 95% CI: 0.04, 2.08; and difference: 1.55 dB, 95% CI: 0.49, 2.60, respectively). Larger IMT (difference: 2.97 dB, 95% CI: 0.79, 5.14), third quartile plaque burden compared to first quartile (difference: 1.24 dB, 95% CI: 0.14, 2.35), and fourth plaque quartile compared to first quartile (difference: 2.12 dB, 95% CI: 0.98, 3.26) in the right carotid were associated with poorer hearing in the right ear.Conclusions and ImplicationsCarotid atherosclerosis is associated with poorer hearing in older adults, almost exclusively with poorer hearing in the right ear. Based on our results, it seems that current therapies for the prevention of cardiovascular disease may also prove beneficial for hearing loss in older adults by promoting and maintaining inner ear health.     

原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血清SF,FFA及HCY的相关性研究

目的:通过观察原发性高血压(EH)患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CAIMT)和血清铁蛋白(SF)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)及同型半胱氨酸(HCY)的水平,探讨EH患者颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)与血清SF,FFA及HCY的相关性。方法:以266例EH患者为研究对象,检测CAIMT(彩色多普勒超声仪)和血清SF(电化学发光免疫法)、FFA(酶联法)及HCY(循环酶法)水平,据CAIMT结果分组后进行统计学对比分析。结果:对照组、CAIMT非增厚组和CAIMT增厚组,三组血清SF,FFA及HCY水平依次升高,差异有统计学意义(F=69.171,50.492,38.618,P<0.01);CAIMT增厚组与非增厚组差异具有统计学意义(t=12.561,8.296,4.581,P<0.01);CAIMT非增厚组与对照组差异也具有统计学意义(t=6.305,4.062,2.913,P<0.01)。CAIMT分别与血清SF,FFA及HCY水平具有相关性,呈显著正相关(r=0.597,0.493,0.451;t=9.560,7.279,4.533,P<0.01)。结论:EH患者体内存在着高水平的SF,FFA及HCY,CAS的发生与血清SF,FFA及HCY水平显著相关,改善其水平可能是防治或延缓EH合并CAS的策略之一。